GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE KARWAR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROJECT PHASE-02(18CVP83)
ON
“PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH
COCONUT SHELL IN CONCRETE”

PRESENTED BY:
LAKSHMI S 2GP19CV005 Under the guidance of:

NATEKAR VISHWARAJ 2GP19CV006 Prof. Pallavi T

THILAK V 2GP19CV009 Department of Civil Engineering
S N ASHWINI 2GP20CV443 GEC Karwar-581345
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Literature review
 Objectives
 Scope
 Materials used
 Methodology
 Result and Discussions
 Conclusion
 Reference
INTRODUCTION
 Utilization of concrete is increasing at a very high rate due to infrastructural
development activities in the world.
 Concrete is one of the world’s most widely used construction material. In
addition, Concrete is the second most consumed substance in the world after
water.
 Approximately ten billion tons of concrete is produced every year.
 The role of sugarcane bagasse, wood chips, plastic waste, fabric waste,
polyethylene, rice husk, rubber tires, vegetable fibers, paper and pulp industry
waste, peanut shell, waste glass, broken bricks are some cases of replacing
coarse aggregates in concrete.
COCONUT SHELL
 Coconut is grown in more than 100 countries.
 India is third largest, having cultivation in an area of about 2 million hectares
for coconut production.
 India produces about 20% of the coconut produced in the world.
 In a recent research done in the year 2020-21, it is found out that India
produces about 34% of coconuts. And within India Kerala produces about 45%
of that.
WHY COCONUT SHELLS AS COARSE AGGREGATE?

 Everyday so much of coconut shells wastes are developed by the Industries and
dumped in barren soil there by simply polluting the soil and also ground water,
which generates an environmental issue.
 As Coarse aggregates takes upto 60 to 80 percent of the total volume of
concrete and since coconut shells are not easily degradable; they can be used
readily in concrete, which may fulfill almost all the qualities of the original
form of concrete.
 Coconut shell is categorized as light weight aggregate. The coconut shell
when dried contains cellulose, lignin and ash in varying percentage and is
similar to that of wood. The purpose of this research is to disseminate
awareness of using coconut shell as partial replacement of coarse
aggregate in concrete and determining its compressive strength.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sanjay Kumar Verma and Sagar Anand Ramesh,Anandhu K J,Anly
Shrivastava Saju,Vineetha Thankachan

USE OF COCONUT SHELL AS PARTLY COCONUT SHELL AS PARTIAL

SUBSTITUTION OF COARSE REPLACEMENT OF COARSE
AGGREGATE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE
They prepared Mix Designs for M20 grades of They prepared Mix Designs for M20 grades of
concrete. Percentage replacement by coconut concrete. Percentage replacement by coconut
shell varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% and shell varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%
30% respectively. During this study, it is respectively. During this study, it is concluded
concluded that for 5% replacement of CS that for 5% replacement of CS aggregates had
aggregates had given the highest strength of given the highest strength of 26.44 MPa at 28
20.45 MPa at 28 days and with further days and with further increase in percentage of
increase in percentage of coconut shell there coconut shell there was decrease in
was decrease in compressive strength. compressive strength.
Kajal Bansal,Pooja Meena and Navneet DR.B. Rajeevan and Shamjith K M
Anand
STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF COCONUT
COARSE AGGREGATE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATE IN
SHELL. CONCRETE

They prepared Mix Designs for M20 grades of They prepared Mix Designs for M20 grades of
concrete. Percentage replacement by coconut concrete. Percentage replacement by coconut
shell varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% shell varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
respectively. During this study, it is concluded 20% ,25%, 30% and 35% respectively. During
that for 5% replacement of CS aggregates had this study, it is concluded that for 15%
given the highest strength of 22.78 MPa at 28 replacement of CS aggregates had given the
days and with further increase in percentage of highest strength of 24.9 MPa at 28 days and
coconut shell there was decrease in with further increase in percentage of coconut
compressive strength. shell there was decrease in compressive
strength.
OBJECTIVES
 To study the effect of coconut shells in concrete and its benefits.
 To approach towards the use of an alternative material in concrete.
 To compare the test results of compressive strength between Plain Concrete
and Concrete added with Coconut Shells.
 To prove that aggregate replaced concretes are light weight and can be used
for structural applications.
 To improve the overall durability and long term performance of concrete
structures.
SCOPE:
 It will help to keep ecological balance to reduce the depletion of natural
resources.
 Coconut shell is a lightweight material, so it will help to reduce the weight
of structures.
 It is easily available in nature at low cost; so it will help to provide the
low cost structure.
MATERIALS TO BE USED
Cement:
Commercially available Ordinary Portland Cement
of 43 grade confirming to IS 8112:1989
Was used in the project.

Fine aggregate (M- Sand):

Fine aggregate normally consists of natural,
crushed or manufactured Sand .Locally
available M-Sand passed through 4.75mm IS
sieve was used as fine aggregate conforming to
the requirements of IS 383:1970.
Coarse aggregate:
Coarse Aggregate in concrete occupies 35% to 70%
of the volume of the concrete. Coarse Aggregate in
Concrete occupies 35% to 70% of the volume of
the concrete

Coconut shell:
Coconut shell particles was used as a replacement of
coarse aggregate in the project . Shell particles of size
between 2mm- 7mm was prepared. Coconut
shell has high strength. Coconut shells was collected
from various places at Karwar to analyze its
properties.
METHODOLOGY
MIX DESIGN
 Concrete mix is designed as per IS: 10262-1982 and IS: 456-2000 for the
nominal concrete.
 The grade of concrete, which we adopted, is M-20 and M-25. The concrete mix
proportion (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) is 1: 2.065: 3.269 and 1:
2.116: 2.73 by volume and a water cement ratio of 0.55 and 0.50.
 The natural coarse aggregates were replaced with coconut shell as 0%, 5%,
10%, and 15% by weight of M- 20 grade concrete and M- 25 grade concrete.
MIXING OF MATERIALS
 Concrete is mixed in required proportion.
 The mixing was done in a Pan Mixer.
CASTING OF CUBES
 After mixing of material, concrete was filled in the cube mould of size 150mm x
150mm x 150mm in three consecutive layers.
 Then the concrete was compacted not less than 35 times per layer.
 A total of 48 cube samples with various percentages of Coconut Shell, namely,
0%, 5%, 10 %, and 15% by volume of coarse aggregate were casted.
CURING OF CUBES
 After 24 hours of casting of cubes, they are then immersed in clean water for a
certain period of time for curing.
 The method of curing done was Pond Curing. Curing was done for a period of
28days.
RESULT
M2O GRADE CONCRETE COMPRESSION TEST
 Compressive strength of concrete specimen with natural coarse aggregate after
28 days was found to be 29.78 N/mm2.
 The mix prepared with 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells
was found to be 27.01 N/mm2
 With 10% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells was found to be
24.02 N/mm2
 With 15% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells was found to be
20.12 N/mm2 .
 From the above test results, it is clear that when natural coarse aggregate is
substituted with coconut shells, the compressive strength is found to be
reducing.
 M20 GRADE (7 DAYS) M20 GRADE (28 DAYS)
25 35

21.67 29.78

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2)

30
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2)

20 19.57 27.01
18.32
25 24.02
15.05
15 20.12
20

15
10

10
5
5

0 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15

PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT

M25 GRADE CONCRETE COMPRESSION TEST
 Compressive strength of concrete specimen with natural coarse aggregate after
28 days was found to be 36.27 N/mm2.
 The mix prepared with 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells
was found to be 32.73 N/mm2 .
 With10% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells was found to be
28.82 N/mm2 .
 With 15% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells was found to be
24.44 N/mm2 .
 From the above test results, it is clear that when natural coarse aggregate is
substituted with coconut shells, the compressive strength is found to be
reducing.
 M25 GRADE (7 DAYS) M25 GRADE (28 DAYS)
30 40
36.27
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2)

24.73 35 32.73
25
22.16 30 28.82
20.98
20 24.44
17.60 25

15 20

15
10
10
5
5

0 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15

PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT

CONCLUSION
The purpose of this research is to compare and find out the characteristic
strength of M-20 grade and M-25 grade Coconut Shell Concrete at the water
cement ratio of 0.55 and 0.50. Using the waste coconut shell by replacing fast
depleting conventional aggregate and thereby getting the solution for social and
environmental issues. Based on experimental investigations concerning the
compressive strength of concrete, the following observations are drawn:
 On 15% partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate with Waste Coconut
Shell, Compressive Strength of coconut shell concrete has obtained 20.12
N/mm2 for M-20 grade and 24.44 N/mm2 for M-25 grade at 28 days. Thus,
making the replacement both technically and economically feasible and viable.
As the percentage of coconut shell increases the compressive strength decreases.
 Experimental results and discussions of researches on coconut shell confirm
that the coconut shell has potential as lightweight aggregate in concrete. Also,
using the coconut shell as aggregate in concrete can reduce the material cost in
construction because of the low cost and its abundant agricultural waste.
 Coconut Shell Concrete can also be used for non structural members e.g.
partition wall, hollow concrete brick, floors tiles etc. Even after more than 15%
partial replacement of coconut shell with aggregate.
 Use of coconut shell waste as aggregate will reduce depletion of natural sources
of conventional aggregate and will also be helpful to make eco - friendly
environment.
REFERENCES
 [Link] , [Link] , [Link] “Experimental study of partial replacement of coarse
aggregate with coconut shell and lathe scrap in concrete” International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, (March- 2018), Karpagam College Engineering College
(Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
 Ismail Saifullah, MD. Abdul Halim, MD Zahur-Uz-Zaman “Coconut Shell as a Replacement of
Coarse Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete” International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and
Civil Engineering, Volume-4, Issue-4, (Jul-2017), Khulna University of Engineering and Technology
(KUET), Bangladesh.
 GopalCharanBehera, Ranjan Kumar Behera, “Effect Of Coconut Shell Aggregate On Normal Strength
Concrete Running Title: Coconut Shell As Coarse Aggregate” International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 6, (June – 2013), BIET, Barapada, Bhadrak,
Odisha,India.
 KajalBansal, PoojaMeena, Mr. NavneetAnand “A Study on Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate
With Coconut shell” Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR)Volume 8,
Issue 8,( August – 2021), Arya Institute Of Engineering Technology & Management
Jaipur ,Rajasthan , India.
 Anand Ramesh, Anandhu K J, AnlySaju, Jerin K Jain, VineethaThankachan “Coconut Shell as Partial
Replacement of Coarse Aggregate In Concrete” International Research Journal of Engineering and
 Dr. B. Rajeevan, Shamjith K M A “Study on the Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in
Concrete” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 4 Issue 07, (July-
2015) Government College of Engineering Kannur.
 Sanjay Kumar Verma and Sagar Shrivastava, “Use of Coconut Shell as Partly Substitution of Coarse
Aggregate - An Experimental Analysis”(25 September 2019), Takshshila Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Jabalpur, India.
 Vipul Mhatre, Nimes Pandey, AkshayBhosale, Rohan More, Shweta Motharkar “Concrete Using
Coconut Shell As A Coarse Aggregate” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research
Volume 10, Issue 5,( May-2019).
 Saraswathi Prajapati, Kirti S ahu Tirpude “Utilization of Coconut Shell as Greener Concrete”.
 IS: 10262-2009, Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.
 IS: 10262-2019, Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.
 BIS 383: 1970 Coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete 9th Revision, BIS, New
Delhi, 1970.
 IS: 456-2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
 IS: 8112-1989, 43 Grade Ordinary Portland cement Specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.
THANK YOU