PRESENTATION
GROUP NO. 1
SUBMITTED TO
[Link] NASREEN
SUBMITTED BY
BISSAM –ROLL NO.25
MEHAK NOOR-ROLL NO.10
SAMEEN SHAHZAD-ROLL NO.44
COURSE NAME AND CODE
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY(EDUC-5115)
BS EDUCATION 3RD SEMESTER
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
KOHLER*S THEORY OF INSIGHT
LEARNING
ALSO KNOWN AS GESTALT THEORY OF LEARNING
GIVEN BY WOLF GANG KOHLER
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED:
MEHAK (ROLL NO.10)
Introduction Of Kohler*s theory.
What is insight learning?
BISSAM (ROLL NO.25)
Experiments of Kohler*s theory.
Stages of insight learning.
SAMEEN SHAHZAD (ROLL NO.44)
Factors influencing insight.
Educational implications of Kohler*s theory.
THEORY OF INSIGHTFUL LEARNING:
o This theory was given by Wolfgang Kohler (21 January
1887-11 June 1967) an American-German Psychologist and
with contribute to Gestalt Psychology with Max
Wertheimer, Lewin and Kurt Koffka.
o Wolfgang Kohler is best known for his empirical studies of
Chimpanzee problem-solving.
o In the 1920*s Wolfgang Kohler was studying the behavior
of apes. He conducted some simple experiments that
resulted to the development of one the first cognitive
theories of learning which he called insight learning.
WHAT IS INSIGHTFUL LEARNING?
• Insight learning is the sudden realization of a problem*s
solution. Insight learning is not the result of trial and error but
responding to an environmental stimulus and the result of
observing someone else attempting the problem. It is
completely cognitive experience that requires the ability to
visualize the problem and the solution internally.
• Insight also means the sudden solution or flash of
understanding the problem without involving any trial and
error.
• Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that
happens all of a sudden through understanding the
relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through
trial and error.
EXPERIMENTS OF KOHLER*S
THEORY
There are so many discoveries happened through inside in
past time but for inside learning one should have previous
knowledge in particular field.
Learning is the conscious effort of an individual to learn
something.
During the learning process the learner perceive the
situation as a whole and thus using his intelligence can
solve the problem step by step.
So Kohler performed different experiments on a
Chimpanzee named as Sultan and published his book as
Mentality of Apes in 1925.
EXPERIMENT-1:
Sultan was placed in a cage. A stick was placed in a cage and a
banana just outside the cage but outside Sultan*s direct reach.
Sultan made many attempts to obtain the banana but it failed. It
sat down in despair. But after, sometimes it suddenly got up,
lifted the stick and used it to draw the banana towards itself.
EXPERIMENT-2:
In the second stage, Kohler placed inside the cage two sticks
which could be joined each other. This time the banana was so
placed that it could not be drown by the Chimpanzee towards
itself with a single stick. After numerous attempts, Sultan joined
the two sticks together and succeeded in obtaining the banana.
EXPERIMENT-3:
In the third step, Kohler hung the banana from the roof of the
cage of such a height as to ensure that Sultan could not reach it
even by jumping upwards. A box was so placed inside the cage.
After many attempts Sultan climbed up on the box and obtained
the banana.
EXPERIMENT-4:
In the final step, Kohler placed two boxes at one place in the
cage the banana was placed at an even high level. At first, Sultan
kept on trying to reach the banana by standing up on one box,
but after numerous failures, it placed one box upon the other and
claiming quit obtained the banana
STAGES OF INSIGHT LEARNING:
The four stages of insight learning are preparation, incubation,
insight, and verification.
1. Preparation- the introduction to the problem as well as the
materials needed to solve the problem.
2. Incubation- the subject gives up while still subconsciously
thinking about the problem.
3. Insight- the subject reaches a breakthrough about the answer to
the problem.
4. Verification- the subject tests the theory from the breakthrough
to see if the problem can be solved.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSIGHT:
Experience: Past experiences help in the insightful solutions of the problems.
A child cannot solve the problems of Modern Mathematics unless he is well
acquainted with its symbolic language.
Intelligence: Insightful solution depends upon the basic intelligence of the
learner. The more intelligent the individual is the greater is his insight.
Initial Efforts and Trial or Error: Insightful learning has to pass
through the process of trial and error. Whatever an activity may be, attempts or
efforts or trials always lie at its [Link] opens the way for insightful learning.
Repetition and Generalization: After having an insightful solution of a
particular type of problem, the organism tries to repeat it in another situation,
demanding similar type of solution. The way found in one situation helps him to
react insightfully in the other identical situations.
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF KOHLER*S
THEORY:
This theory brings the following important facts into limelight:
The whole is greater than parts and therefore, the situation
should be viewed as a whole.
The use of blind fumbling and mechanical trial and error should
be minimized.
The learner should try to see relevant relationships and act
intelligently.
The purpose or motive plays the central role in the learning
process.
Give goal oriented task to learner.
The learner must be given opportunities for using his mental
abilities.
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF
KOHLER*S THEORY:
Learner task must be properly graded according to the
intellectual development of the learner.
In order to develop the ability of problem solving by insight,
meaningful learning, learning by understanding and reasoning
must be encouraged in school.
The teacher must help learners to recall what has been learned
earlier, relate them to the new learning.
The teacher should present the subject matter as a whole to
facilitate insight learning.
Teacher should motivate the child by arousing his interests and
curiosity.
