SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
-is a homogeneous mixture of one or more
solutes dissolved in a solvent.
-it may be solids dissolved in liquids or gases
dissolved in liquids.
-there are solutions where gas is dissolved in
another gas, a liquid in another liquid or a
solid in another solid.
Solution has two types of components: the
solute and the solvent.
Solute - the
substance that
dissolves
Solvent - is the
dissolving
medium
TYPE OF SOLUTION
Types Solvent Solute
Solid
Gas Gas Liquid
gas
Solid
Liquid Liquid Liquid
gas
Solid
Solid Solid
Liquid
Properties of a Solution
[Link] is a homogeneous mixture. It is a mixture of one
phase only. The components are so well mixed that all
parts of the solution appear the same. Solutions have the
same composition and properties throughout.
Properties of a Solution
2. Its particles are too tiny and have a diameter of
less than 1 nm.
Properties of a Solution
3. The particles are not visible to naked eyes.
Properties of a Solution
4. Particles don't scatter a beam of light passing
through it and hence the path of the light is not
visible.
Properties of a Solution
5. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent
through filtration because these are so small that they
pass through the filter paper or cheesecloth.
solution
Filter paper
funnel
Filtered liquid
Properties of a Solution
6. A solution is often clear and transparent
Naturally Occurring Solutions
-Examples of solutions that occur naturally are
natural bodies of water like the seas and ocean,
blood plasma, air, and some mineral ores.
☻Many materials in nature can be used
efficiently only when these are in the form of
solutions.
☻For example, plants cannot absorb minerals from
the soil unless these minerals are in solution.
☻Components of the food that you eat go into
solution during digestion.
☻The nutrient particles in solution can pass through
the digestive tract and dissolve in the blood.
☻Seawater is a solution having a higher percentage of
salt and minerals than other sources of water like
ground water or rivers.
☻Rainwater is a solution containing dissolved gases
like oxygen and carbon dioxide.
☻The water you drink contains dissolved minerals
like sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium and
dissolved gases like oxygen and carbon
Dioxide.
☻Air is a mixture of gases. Dry air consists of about
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon, about 1%
water vapor, 0.04% carbon dioxide and traces of
argon, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon. Water
vapor is present in different amounts depending on
the location. Air above big bodies of water contains
more water vapor than air above deserts. Humidity
is a measure of the amount of water vapor in air.
Manufactured/Processed Solutions
☻Vinegar usually contains about 5% acetic acid in
water. Some vinegar are clear homogeneous
mixtures (solutions). Other kinds of vinegar
are colloidal.
☻Gasoline is a solution made up of different
substances called hydrocarbons. It is important that
gasoline contains no solid particles that
may clog the vehicle engine.
Manufactured/Processed Solutions
☻A metal alloy is a solid solution made up of two or
more metals or non metals. For example, steel is an
alloy of copper and tin. Brass is an alloy of
copper and zinc
☻Other examples of solutions that are processed
include wine and liquor, brewed coffee and tea.
MISCIBLE AND IMMISCIBLE
LIQUIDS
Immiscible - Miscible -
liquids that do liquids which
mix with mix with each
each other other
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED
SOLUTION
☻SOLUBILITY- the maximum concentration of a solute
that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.
☻saturated solution – a solution that contains the maximum
amount of solute dissolved by a given amount of solvent.
☻If you add more solute to the solvent, it will no longer
dissolve. The solution has reached its saturation point. The
presence of an excess solid which can no longer dissolve is
evidence that the solution is saturated
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED
SOLUTION
☻unsaturated solution – when it contains less solute than the
maximum amount it can dissolve at a given temperature.
Complete the table by filling up columns 2, 3 and 4. Identify
the solute and solvent in each solution
Solution Solute Solvent Type of solution
1. Soda water
2. Bronze
3. Lambanog
4. Vinegas
5. Fish Sauce
6. Sea water
7. Dental amalgam
8. Brass
9. Mothballs
10. Ring
11. Air
12. Sweet tea
13. Carbonated water
Water zinc
Sugar
Tea mercury
Oxygen
Nitrogen salt
Silver
Gold acetic acid
tin
Air ethanol
Copper
Naphthalene Carbon dioxide
