ARASU ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
CS3451 – INTRODUCTION TO
OPERATING SYSTEMS
II YEAR / IV SEMESTER
Anna University Syllabus, 2021
Regulation
Prepared by
Mrs. V. Revathy
Assistant
Professor/ CSE
Computing Environments -
Traditional
Stand-alone general purpose machines
But blurred as most systems interconnect with others
(i.e., the Internet)
Portals provide web access to internal systems
Network computers (thin clients) are like Web terminals
Mobile computers interconnect via wireless networks
Networking becoming ubiquitous – even home
systems use firewalls to protect home computers
from Internet attacks
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments -
Mobile
Handheld smartphones, tablets, etc
What is the functional difference between
them and a “traditional” laptop?
Extra feature – more OS features (GPS,
gyroscope)
Allows new types of apps like augmented reality
Use IEEE 802.11 wireless, or cellular data
networks for connectivity
Leaders are Apple iOS and Google Android
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments –
Distributed
Distributed computiing
Collection of separate, possibly heterogeneous, systems
networked together
Network is a communications path, TCP/IP most common
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Network Operating System provides
features between systems across network
Communication scheme allows systems to exchange messages
Illusion of a single system
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments:
Client/Server
Client-Server Computing
Dumb terminals supplanted by smart PCs
Many systems now servers, responding to requests generated
by
clients
Compute-server system provides an interface to client to
request services (i.e., database)
File-server system provides interface for clients to store
and retrieve files
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments –
Peer2Peer
Another model of distributed system
P2P does not distinguish clients
and servers
Instead all nodes are considered
peers
May each act as client, server or both
Node must join P2P network
Registers its service with central lookup service
on network, or
Broadcast request for service and respond to
requests for service via discovery protocol
Examples include Napster and Gnutella,
Voice over IP (VoIP) such as Skype
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments-
Allows operating systems to run applications within other
Virtualization
OS
Vast and growing industry
Emulation used when source CPU type different
from target type (i.e. PowerPC to Intel x86)
Generally slowest method
When computer language not compiled to native
code –
Interpretation
Virtualization – OS natively compiled for CPU,
running
guest OS also natively compiled
Consider VMware running WinXP guests, each7
running applications, all on native WinXP host OS
Computing Environments-
Virtualization
Use cases involve laptops and desktops running multiple
OSes for exploration or compatibility
Apple laptop running Mac OS X host, Windows as a guest
Developing apps for multiple OSes without having
multiple systems
QA testing applications without having multiple systems
Executing and managing compute environments
within data centers
VMM can run natively, in which case they are also the
host
There is no general purpose host then (VMware ESX and Citrix
XenServer)
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments-
Virtualization
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments–Cloud
Comp.
Delivers computing, storage, even apps as a service across a network
Logical extension of virtualization because it uses virtualization as the base for
it functionality.
Amazon EC2 has thousands of servers, millions of virtual machines,
petabytes
of storage available across the Internet, pay based on usage
Many types
Public cloud – available via Internet to anyone willing to pay
Private cloud – run by a company for the company’s own use
Hybrid cloud – includes both public and private cloud components
Software as a Service (SaaS) – one or more applications available via the
Internet (i.e., word processor)
Platform as a Service (PaaS) – software stack ready for application use via
the Internet (i.e., a database server)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – servers or storage available over Internet
(i.e., storage availableCS3451-IOS/
for backup use) / AP/ CSE - AEC
V. REVATHY
Computing Environments–Cloud
Comp.
Cloud computing environments composed of
traditional OSes, plus VMMs, plus cloud
management tools
Internet connectivity requires
security like firewalls
Load balancers spread traffic
across multiple applications
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments – Real-Time
Embedded Systems
Real-time embedded systems most prevalent form
of computers
Vary considerable, special purpose, limited purpose OS, real
time OS -
Use expanding
Many other special computing environments as
well
Some have OSes, some perform tasks without an OS
Real-time OS has well-defined fixed time
constraints
Processing must be done within constraint
Correct operation
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
only if constraints met
Open-Source Operating
Systems
Operating systemsmade available in source-code
format rather than just binary closed-source
Counter to the copy protection and Digital
Rights Management (DRM) movement
Started by Free Software Foundation (FSF), which
has
“copyleft” GNU Public License (GPL)
Examples include GNU/Linux and BSD UNIX (including
core of Mac OS X), and many more
Can use VMM like VMware Player (Free on Windows),
Virtualbox (open source and free on many platforms -
[Link]
Use to run guest CS3451-IOS/
operatingV. REVATHY
systems/ AP/
forCSE
exploration
- AEC
Thank You
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
