15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Reactivity Towards Hydrogen

Type of hydride formed – MH3 (NH3 , PH3 , AsH3 , SbH3 , BiH3)

Stability of hydride.

Down the Decreases

group
Due to the decrease in
dissociation enthalpy.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Reactivity Towards Hydrogen

Type of hydride formed – MH3 (NH3 , PH3 , AsH3 , SbH3 , BiH3)
(M= N, P, As, Sb, and Bi
All the hydrides of the type MH3 are prepared by the action of
water are dilute acids on their metal compounds.
Ex : P4 + 3NaOH +3H2O → PH3 + 3NaH2PO2
Order of Reducing character of hydrides
NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < BiH3
Order of Basic nature of hydrides
NH3 > PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 ≥ BiH3
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Chemical properties
Reactivity towards
Oxygen:
• These elements react with Oxygen to form two types of oxides
• Trioxides - M2O3 • Pentoxides - M2O5

• The Oxides in the higher oxidation state of the element is more acidic
than that of lower oxidation state.
• Acidic character decreases down the group

• The trioxides of Nitrogen and Phosphorus are purely acidic, that of

Arsenic and Antimony are amphoteric and that of Bismuth is
predominantly basic .
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

• All Pentoxides are acidic.

• Except Bi other elements form pentoxides represented by M 4O10.

• Tri-oxides dissolve in water giving – Ous acids (HNO2, H3PO3)

• Pentoxides dissolve in water giving – ic acids (HNO3, H3PO4)

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Reactivity towards metals :

These elements react with metals to form binary compounds

in which VA group element exhibits – 3 oxidization state.

Example:

6Mg + N2 2Mg3N2
Magnesium nitride
6Ca + P4 2Ca3P2
Calcium phosphide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
Reactivity towards halogens:
• These elements form two types of halides
• Trihalides - MX3 • Pentahalides - MX5
• Nitrogen does not form petahalides due to non availability of the
d-orbitals in it’s valence shell.
• Pentahalides are more covalent than trihalides because the
elements in the higher oxidation state exert more polarizing power
• All trihalides of these elements except nitrogen are stable.
• In case of nitrogen halides only NF3 is stable
• Trihalides except BiF3 are predominantly covalent in nature
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. N2 reacts with metals to give…

a) Nitrites

b) Nitrates

c) Nitrides

d) Nitriles
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. The most basic group 15 hydride is….

a) NH3

b) BiH3

c) SbH3

d) AsH3
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. P4 + NaOH + H2O

a) PH3

b) H3PO4

c) P2O5

d) All of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

electric
4. N2 + O2
arc

a) NO2

b) NO

c) N2O

d) N2O5
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

DINITROGEN
(N2)
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
PREPARATION:-
1. Laboratory method:
• In the laboratory Dinitrogen prepared by treating an aqueous
solution of Ammonium chloride with Sodium nitrite

NH4Cl + NaNO2 N2­ + 2H2O + NaCl
ammonium Sodium Dinitrogen
chloride nitrite

Make a note
Small amounts of NO and HNO3 formed, removed by
passing the gas through aq. H2SO4 + K2Cr2O7.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. Commercial method :

Liquification Fractional distillation

Air Liquid Air Dinitrogen
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. By thermal decomposition of ammonium dichromate :

• N2 can also be obtained by the thermal decomposition of

ammonium dichoromate.

(D)
(NH4)2Cr2O7 N2­ + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
Ammonium Dinitrogen
dichromate
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. From suspension of bleaching powder and ammonia

3CaOCl2 + 2 NH3 N 2­ + 3CaCl2 + 3H2O

Calcium Ammonia Dinitrogen
oxychloride
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

5. Thermal decomposition of metal azides :

• Very pure nitrogen can be obtained by the thermal
decomposition of sodium or barium azide
Note :
()
2NaN3 2Na + 3N2­ – +≡

:
N- N N

:
:
Dinitrogen

:
Sodium azide (or)
() –
Ba(N3)2 Ba + 3N2­ N3
Barium azide Dinitrogen Azide ion

Highly pure form of dinitrogen is obtained by this method.

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

PROPERTIES OF DINITROGEN (N2) : -

1. Di nitrogen is a colourless, odorless, tasteless and non ionic gas.

2. It has two stable isotopes and
3. It has a very low solubility in water (23.2 cm per litre of water at
273k and 1 bar pressure). And low freezing and boiling points.

enthalpy of N≡N bond. And reactivity increases rapidly

4. Di nitrogen is inert at room temperature because of the high bond

with rise in
temperature
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. Commercial method of preparation of N2 involves…

a) Sublimation

b) Fractional distillation of liquid air

c) Freezing

d) Evaporation
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. An azide ion is…

a) N

b) N2

c)

d) Any of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. In the lab method , NH4Cl is reacted with ______ to produce N2 gas

a) NaNO3

b) NaNO2

c) HNO3

d) HNO2
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. N2 can be produced by thermal decomposition of metal . . .

a) Sulphates

b) Nitrates

c) Sulphides

d) Azides
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF NITROGEN
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Chemical reactions
1. Action on metals : At high temperature N2 directly combines with Li
and Mg metals to form nitrides
(heat)
6Li + N2 2Li3N Lithium nitride
(heat)
3Mg + N2 Mg3N2 Magnesium nitride
(heat)
2Al + N2 2AlN Aluminium nitride
2. Action of dioxygen :
( or heat)
N 2 + O2 2NO
2000 K
Nitric oxide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Chemical reactions
3. Action of calcium carbide :
Ca 10000C –
–

:
:
+ N2 Ca+2 :
N=C=N
: + C
CºC (D)
or Dinitrogen or Carbon(graphite)
CaC2 CaCN2
Calcium
Calcium
carbide
cyanamide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Chemical reactions

4. Action of dihydrogen:
N2 773 K
+ 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
(g)

Uses : ammonia
 Di nitrogen is mainly used in the manufacture of Ammonia and
other industrial chemical containing nitrogen (Eg ; CaCN 2)
 It is used to maintain the inert atmosphere (Eg: In iron and steel
industry)
 Liquid dinitrogen is used as a refrigerant to pressure biological
materially food items and in cryo surgery
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. CaC2 + N2 1000oC ______ + C

a) CaCO3

b) CaCN2

c) CaNC

d) Ca(CN)2
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. N2 + metal metal ______

a) Nitride

b) Nitrate

c) Nitrite

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. Dinitrogen and Dihydrogen 

a) Amine

b) Amide

c) Ammonia

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2000K
4. N2 + O2 -----------------
-
a) NO2

b) N2O

c) NO

d) N2O3
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

ANOMALOUS PROPERTIES
OF NITROGEN
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Anomalous properties of nitrogen

Nitrogen differs from the rest of the members of this group due to its
small size, high electronegativity, high ionisation enthalpy and non-
availability of d orbitals.

Nitrogen has unique ability to form p - p multiple bonds with itself

and with other elements having small size and high electronegativity
(Eg: C, O). Heavier elements of this group do not form p - p bonds as
their atomic orbitals are so large and diffuse that they can not have
effective overlapping.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

thus, nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule with a triple bond between

the two atoms. Consequently, its bond enthalpy is very high. On the
contrary, phosphorous, arsenic and antimony form single bonds as P-P,
As – As and Sb – Sb.
While Bismuth forms metallic bonds in elemental state however the
single N-N bond is weaker than the single P-P bond because of high
interelectronic repulsion of the non-bonding electrons, owing to the
small bond length .
As a result, the catenation tendency is weaker in nitrogen. Another factor
which affects the chemistry of nitrogen is the absence of d orbitals in its
valence shell. Besides restricting its covalency to four, nitrogen can not
form d - p bond e.g., R3P=O.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Or R3P = CH2 (R= Alkyl group), phosphorous and arsenic can

form d - d bond also with transition metals.
Examples: P(C2H5)3 , As(C6H5)3
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

PREPARATION OF AMMONIA
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Preparation of Ammonia
1. Laboratory method :
()
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 2NH3 + CaCl2 + 2H2O
Ammonium Calcium
Ammonia
chloride hydroxide
 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Preparation of Ammonia
2. Commercial method (Haber’s process):
Fe-catalyst
Mo-Promoter
N2 + 3H2 2NH3(g) (ΔH = −92.4 kJ·mol−1)
(g) (g)
773K, 200atm
Dihydrogen Ammonia
Dinitrogen
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Preparation of Ammonia
2. Commercial method (Haber’s process):
Optimum conditions :

Pressure = 200 atm

Temperature = about 700 K

Catalyst = porous and finely divided IRON oxide

Promoters = Molybdenum or (K2O and Al2O3)
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Note : Dehydrating agents cannot be used

H2SO4 P2 O5 anhy. CaCl2

Acidic Acidic Forms a complex
 reacts with NH3  reacts with NH3 CaCl2. 8NH3

Therefore, moist NH3 is dried over quicklime i.e., CaO

 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
Preparation of Ammonia

3. Action of calcium carbide (Cynamide process):

10000C
(I) CaC2 + N2 CaCN2 + C
(D)
Calcium Calcium cyanamide + Carbon(graphite)
carbide Dinitrogen

NITROLIM

(II) CaCN2 + 3H2O NH3­ + CaCO3

Calcium Super Calcium
Ammonia
Cyanamide heated Steam carbonate
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. Ammonia is commercially prepared by ______ process.

a) Haber’s

b) Vulcanization

c) Contact

d) Any of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. In the laboratory method of preparation of NH3, _____ and Ca(OH)2

are used.
a) NH4NO3

b) (NH4)2 CO3

c) NH4Cl

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. In Haber’s process, the catalyst used is...

a) Iron oxide

b) Copper oxide

c) Carbon monoxide

d) All of the above

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF AMMONIA
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Action of halogens :
1. Chlorine :
8 NH3 + 3Cl2 6NH4Cl + N2­
(excess) Ammonium
chloride

NH3 + 3Cl2 NCl3 + 3HCl

(excess) Nitrogen
trichloride
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Action of halogens :
2. Bromine :
8 NH3 + 3Br2 6 NH4Br + N2­
Ammonium bromide
3. Iodine :
2NH3 + 3l2 NH3NI3 + 3Hl
Nitrogen triodide ammonia

8NH3NI3 5N2 + 9I2 + 6NH4I

Ammonium iodide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
 Ammonia precipitates the hydroxides of many metals from
their salt solutions

ZnSO4(aq) + 2NH4OH(aq) Zn(OH)2(S) + (NH4)2 SO4(aq)

(White
ppt)
FeCl3 (aq) + NH4OH(aq) Fe2O3 . xH2O(S) + NH4Cl(aq)
(brown ppt)
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
 Due to the presence of lone pair in ammonia, ammonia is used in
detection of metal ions such as Cu+2 , Ag+
Examples
AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) [Ag(NH3)2] Cl(aq) Colourless
White ppt 2+
Cu+2 (aq) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)4 Deep Blue Colour
Reaction of ammonia with Nessler’s reagent:

Hgl2(aq) + 2KI(aq) K2HgI4(aq) (formation of Nessler’s reagent)

2K2HgI4 + NH3 + 3KOH H2N – Hg – O – Hg – I +7KI+ H2O
(Nessler’s reagent) (Iodide of Millon’s base)
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

 Due to the presence of lone pair of electrons in the nitrogen atom of

the Ammonia NH3 behaves as a Lewis base.
 Hence it donates the electron pair and forms bond with metal ions.
 So NH3 is used in the detection of metal ions such as or .
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Question

Why does NH3 act as a Lewis base?

Answer:

Nitrogen atom in NH3 has one lone pair of electrons which is available
for donation. Therefore, it acts as a Lewis base .
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Question
How does ammonia (aqueous solution is ammonium hydroxide) react
with a solution of Cu2+, a deep blue solution is obtained due to the
formation of tertraamine copper(II) ion.?

Answer:

Cu2+(aq) + 4NH4OH(aq) + 4 H2O

Tetraamine copper (II)ion(deep blue solution

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. ______ is the Nessler’s reagent.

a) K3HgI2

b) K2HgI4

c) K2Hg2I3

d) All of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. NH3 + Cl2 (excess)

a) NH4Cl

b) NCl5

c) NCl3

d) All of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. The brown colour obtained in Nessler’s reagent test is due to iodide of

_____ base.
a) Millon’s

b) Billion’s

c) Trillion’s

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

STRUCTURE
&
USES OF AMMONIA
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Structure of Ammonia
 Ammonia is expected to have a tetrahedral
geometry
 The central nitrogen atom invloves sp3 mN
p
hybridisation. 0 1 .7
1
H 107.80 H
 one position is occupied by a lone pair.
H
 Three bond pairs and one lone pair of electrons as shown in the
structure.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Structure of Ammonia

 lone pair distorts its geometry and the molecule has pyramidal
geometry with nitrogen atom at the apex.

 N–H bond length is 101.7 pm.

 HNH bond angle is 107.80

 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Protophilic and non aqueous solvent.

Ammonium nitrate
Urea
NH3 is used Ammonium Phosphate
Cooling agent in the
Uses of
or refrigerant. preparation of Ammonium sulphate
Ammonia
Other fertilizers
HNO3 by Ostwald’s process.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. In NH3, the central nitrogen atom is _____ hybridized

a) sp2

b) sp

c) sp3

d) dsp2
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. Ammonia has ______ geometry.

a) Tetrahedral

b) Pyramidal

c) Square planar

d) Linear
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. The HNH bond angle is ...

a) 1090 28

b) 1200

c) 900

d) 107. 80
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. Ammonia is _______ solvent.

a) Protogenic
b) Protophilic

c) Aprotic

d) Both a & b
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

OXIDES OF NITROGEN
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
Oxides of Nitrogen
Physical
Oxidation state Common methods
Name Formula appearance and
of nitrogen of preparation
chemical nature
Dinitrogen Monoxide
or nitrous oxide NH4NO3 Heat Colourless gas,
(Nitrogen (I) oxide) N2O +1 neutral
(laughing gas) N O + 2H O
2 2

2NaNO2 + 2FeSO4
Nitrogen monoxide
+ 3H2SO4  Colourless gas,
or Nitric oxide NO +2
Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NaHSO4 neutral
(Nitrogen (II) oxide) + 2H2O + 2NO
2NO + N2O4 250 K
Dinitrogen trioxide 2N2O3 Blue solid ,
NO +3
(Nitrogen (III) oxide) 2 3 NO + NO2 N2O3 acidic
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
Oxides of Nitrogen
Physical
Oxidation state Common methods
Name Formula appearance and
of nitrogen of preparation
chemical nature
Nitrogen dioxide 2Pb(NO3)2 673 K Brown gas,
NO2 +4
(Nitrogen (IV) oxide) 4NO2 + 2PbO+O2 acidic

Colourless
Dinitrogen tetroxide Cool
N2O4 +4 2NO2 N2O4 solid/ liquid,
(Nitrogen (IV) oxide) Heat
acidic

Dinitrogen pentoxide 4 HNO3 + P4O10 Colourless

N2O5 +5
(Nitrogen (V) oxide)  4HPO3 + 2N2O5 solid ,acidic
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. ______ is also called as laughing gas.

a) NO2

b) NO

c) N2O5

d) N2O
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. ______ is called as Nitrogen (III) oxide

a) NO2

b) N2O5

c) N2O3

d) NO
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. The oxidation state of Nitrogen in NO2 and N2O4 is ______ and ______.

a) +4, +4

b) +4, +2

c) +2, +4

d) +1, +4
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. N2O3 is prepared from ______ and ______

a) NO, NO2

b) N2O5, NO

c) NO2, N2

d) NO, N2O4
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

NITRIC ACID
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Nitric Acid

Preparation of Nitric acid

Laboratory method to prepare nitric acid.

NaNO3 + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HNO3

Sodium Nitric acid
nitrate
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Preparation of nitric acid on a large scale by Ostwald’s process.

Pt/ Rh gauze catalyst

Step 1 4NH3(g) + 5O2 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
500 K 9 bar
Nitric oxide
Step 2 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
Nitrogen Dioxide

Step 3 NO2 + H2O(l) 2HNO3(l) + NO(g)

Nitric acid
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Structure of Nitric Acid

m O
H 1 p
96 102° 12
pm
O N 130°
140.6 pm
O
 HNO3 is a planar molecule.
 Bond length between H–O is 96 pm
 O–N is 140.6 pm
 Bond angle between H–O–N is 1020
 Bond angle between O–N–O is 1300.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. Nitric acid is commercially prepared by ______ process.

a) Haber’s

b) Contact

c) Ostwald’s

d) All of the above

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. The catalyst used in commercial preparation of nitric acid is …

a) FeO

b) Pt/ Rh

c) Pd/Rh

d) PtO
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. In the structure of HNO3, the O – N – O bond angle is ______

a) 1090

b) 1800

c) 1200

d) 1300
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. ______ + H2SO4 ______ + HNO3

a) NaNO2, NaHSO4
b) NaHSO4, NaNO2

c) NaNO3, NaHSO4

d) NaHSO4, NaNO3
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

REACTIONS OF
NITRIC ACID
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Reactions of NITRIC ACID

With copper

3Cu+ 8HNO3(dil) Metal + acid)

3Cu(NO Metal salt
3 2 + 2NO + 4H2O

Copper nitrate Nitric oxide

Cu + 4HNO3(conc.) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

Copper nitrate Nitrogen
dioxide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
Reactions of NITRIC ACID

With Zinc Metal + acid Metal salt

4Zn + 10HNO3(dil) 4Zn(NO3)2 + N2O + 5H2O

Zinc nitrate nitrous oxide

Zn + 4HNO3(conc.) Zn(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

Zinc nitrate Nitrogen

dioxide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Reactions of NITRIC ACID

With Phosphorous
Non metal + acid Acid
P4 + 20HNO3 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 4H2O

Phosphoric acid
With Iodine

I2 + 10HNO3 2HIO3 + 10NO2 + 4H2O

Iodic acid.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Reactions of NITRIC ACID

With Sulphur

S8 + 48HNO3 8H2SO4 + 48NO2 + 16H2O

Sulphuric acid
With Carbon

C + 4HNO3 CO2 + 2H2O + 4NO2

(hot, conc.)
Carbon dioxide
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

The brown ring test.

N + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ NO + 3Fe3+ + 2H2O

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + NO [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]2+ + H2O

(Brown ring)
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Action of HNO3 on Gold and Platinum

HNO3 + 3HCl NOCl + 2H2O + 2[Cl]
Nitrosyl
chloride

Au + 3[Cl] + 3HCl 4AuCl4

Tetrachloroaurate

Pt + 4[Cl] + 2HCl H2PtCl6

Chloroplatinic acid
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Action of concentrated HNO3

With Benzene
Mixture of conc. H2SO4 + conc. HNO3
NO2
conc. H2SO4 is called nitration mixture
+ HNO3 + H2 O
< 600C
(benzene)(conc) Nitrobenzene
With Toluene
Reaction is called “Nitration”
CH3
conc. H2SO4 NO2 NO2
C6H5CH3 + 3HNO3 + 3H2O
> 600C
Toluene (conc)
NO2
2, 4, 6 – trinitrotoluene
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Action of concentrated HNO3

With phenol NO2
conc. H2SO4 OH
C6H5OH + 3HNO3 + 3H2O
Phenol (conc) O2 N NO2
2, 4, 6 – trinitrophenol

 2,4,6-trinitrophenol is called Picric acid ( explosive in nature)

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Action of concentrated HNO3

With Cane sugar

conc. H2SO4 COOH + 5H2O

C12H22O11 + 18(O) 6
HNO3 COOH
Cane Sugar
Oxalic acid
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. Aqua regia is a 1 : 3 mixture of ______ and ______.

a) HCl, HNO3

b) HNO3, HCl

c) HNO3, H2SO4

d) H2SO4, HNO3
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. Nitrating mixture is a mixture of ______ and ______.

a) conc. H2SO4, conc. HCl

b) conc. H2SO4, conc. HNO3

c) conc. HCl, conc. HNO3

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. Brown ring test is done for ______ group

a)

b)

c)

d) All of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. C + 4 HNO3 ® A + 2H2O + 4 NO2 + C What is A?

a) CO

b) CO2

c) H2CO3

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

TYPES OF
NITROGEN OXIDE
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Dinitrogen oxide, N2O (Laughing Gas)

 It is also called nitrous oxide.
 It is stable and colorless gas.
 It has all electrons paired.
 Diamagnetic.
:

:
:N ≡ N  O  = N = O
:
N
:

:
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Nitric oxide (Nitrogen monoxide), NO :

 It is most stable oxide of nitrogen.
 ‘N’ and ‘O’ together have 11 valence electrons.
 An odd electron molecule.
 Paramagnetic.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Nitric oxide (Nitrogen monoxide), NO :

 It acts as an oxidising and reducing agent.

– +


:
:


:N = O:  :N = O:
(Ionic structure) (Covalent structure)

N O
Dimeric structure of NO
O N
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 1

N 20 pm
 It is an acidic oxide
134°
 It is a reddish brown gas O O
 It is paramagnetic
 It is dimerizes to N2O4

2NO2 N 2 O4




N N
:O: :O: :O: :O:
:

:
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Question

Why does NO2 dimerise ?

Answer:

NO2 contains odd number of valence electrons.

It behaves as a typical odd molecule.
On dimerisation , it is converted to stable N2O4 molecule with even number of
electrons.
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Dinitrogen trioxide N2O3 105° O

O 114 pm N 186 pm N 130°
 It is an acidic oxide
117° 121 pm O
 It is also known as nitrogen sesquioxide
 It is diamagnetic
 It’s a planar molecule
:O:
:

:O:

:
:O
:

:O
N N
:O :
: N O: N
:
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
O O
Dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4
 It is an acidic oxide 176 pm
N N 135°
 It has no unpaired electron on N atom. 118 pm
  It is diamagnetic
 It is a planar molecule O O
:
:

:O: :O:

:
:O: :O:

N N N N
: :
: :

O O

: :
O
: :
O
:
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 O O O

 It is an unstable acidic oxide. N 120° N 134°
O O
 It is an excellent oxidizing agent.

:O:

: :

:
: O: :O:

: :
:O:
: :

O O

N N N N
: :

O: :O: :O:
:O:
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Question
Q2. What is the covalency of nitrogen in N2O5?

Answer:
Structural formula of N2O5
:

:
:O :O:
:

O
:

N N
:

:O :O:
:

Since, N atom has shared electron pair , the valence of N is 4

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

MCQS
1. ______ is also called Laughing gas or Laughing grites
a) NO2

b) NO

c) N2O5

d) N2O
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

2. NO is…
a) Diamagnetic

b) Paramagnetic

c) Both a & b

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

3. NO2 is reddish brown gas while N2O4 is ______.

a) Blackish gas

b) Brownish solid

c) Colorless gas or solid

d) Bluish gas or solid

15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

4. NO2 is ______ while N2O4 is diamagnetic.

a) Paramagnetic

b) Diamagnetic

c) Both a & b

d) None of these
15TH GROUP ELEMENTS

Thank
you…