CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA
(CIA; Chicken Anemia Virus; Chicken Anemia Agent; Blue Wing
Disease)
Presented By : Imran Fareed
Registration Number : 2019-CU-DVM-027
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA)
• CIA is characterized by :
Aplastic anemia
Generalized lymphoid depletion
Subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages
Immunosuppression
Increased mortality due to secondary complications.
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA)
Etiology
• Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is a viral disease of poultry caused by
Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) only member of Gyrovirus genus of the
Circoviridae family.
Susceptible Host
Chicken of all age group
Young birds are more susceptible
Older than 3 or 4 weeks of age usually does not cause
clinical signs
Most severe clinical signs are seen in chickens younger
than 2 weeks of age.
Transmission
Horizontal transmission by oral-fecal route
Perhaps by the respiratory route,
Through infected feather follicle epithelium.
Contaminated litter is a common source of introduction
Vertical transmission in seronegative hens
Vertical transmission from hen to chick through hatching egg.
Embryo infection can be caused by the semen of infected cocks.
Chicks that hatch without maternal antibodies are more
susceptible
Economic losses
Diminished weight gains
Feed conversion
Marketability
Carcass condemnation
Pathogenesis
CAV is not highly contagious and it takes few weeks to spread
through an entire flock.
Disease occurs in those chicks which have no maternal Ab.
The main sites of its growth are Lymphoblast in Thymus and
Hemocytoblast in Bone Marrow.
Pathogenesis
CIA viruses infect Dysfunction of T helper
Corttex of thymus cells and Cytotoxic T cell
Invades Bursa of Fabricius B cell deficiency
Destruction of
Invades Bone marrow erythroid precursor
cells
Viruses Infect Bone
marrow and thymus
Dysfunction of the haematopoesis and lymphocytosis of T lymphocytes leads to
impaired formation of erythocytes and myeloid cells producing aplastic anaemia.
Symptoms
Clinical Signs
Clinical signs include:
• Anemia (PCV ≤27)
• Paleness
• Anorexia
• Lethargy
• Depression
• The anemia and paleness on comb , wattle,eyelids,and legs,
feather dropping.
• Hemorrhages in muscle and skin region. Inflammation and
Necrosis of Skin. Gn
• Watery and slowly clotting blood because level of
Thrombocytes and WBCs are reduced.
• Reduced weight gain
• High mortality rates resulting from secondary complicating
infections (generally 10%–20%, but as much as 60%)
Depression & Anorexia
Hemorrhagic & Necrotic Wings
Subcutaneous hemorrhages
Hemorrhage & Cyanoses
Post mortem
Lesions
Gross Lesions
• Organs are pale;
• Thymus and Bursa of Fabricus is generally
atrophied.
• Bone marrow changes from Red colour to yellow
or White colour.
• Hemorrhages under skin , in muscle associated
with severe anemia.
• Bone marrow is pale or yellow.
• Hemorrhages may be present in or under the skin
and in muscle and other organs.
Pale carcass
Histopathologi
cal lesions
Histopathology
1- Decrease in the number of haematopoietic cells is observed 4 – 6
days post infection followed by the appearance of large blastic cells.
2- Haematopoietic tissue is replaced by adipose tissue; this gives the
bone marrow a pale appearance.
3- Depletion of lymphocytes from the thymus, spleen, Bursa Fabricius
and caecal tonsils.
4- Cortical lymphocytes disappearing in thymus and being replaced by
reticular cells.
5- Medullar lymphocytes are also reduced
Diagnosis
Clinical signs and Symptoms , Post mortem Findings.
Also From Laboratory Tests.
Laboratory Test
Isolation and identification of virus
Serological test
• Immunofluoresence
• Virus neutralization test (VN)
• Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
(ELISA)
DNA-based virus detection- PCR
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
Treatment, Control, and Prevention
Treatment, Control, and Prevention
• No specific treatment for chicken anemia virus
infection.
• Treatment of Secondary infection with appropriate
Antibiotics.
• Control is best achieved by vaccination.
• Live Attenuated Vaccine NOBILIS CAV P4 .
Thank you
