VARIANCE
AND
STANDAR
D
OBJECTIVE
To find the
variance of a data
set.
To find the
standard deviation
of a data set.
2
VARIANCE
DEFINITION
Variance is the average squared
deviation
from the mean of a set of data.
It is used to find the standard
deviation.
4
PROCESSES TO FIND
VARIANCE
Find the Mean of the data.
Mean is the average so add up the values and divide by
the number of items.
Subtract the mean from each value – the
result is called the deviation from the mean.
Square each deviation of the mean.
Find the sum of the squares.
Divide the total by the number of items.
5
VARIANCE FORMULA
The variance formula includes the Summation
Notation,
which represents the sum of all the items to the
right of Sigma.
x X
2
x X
2
2
2 s
N n 1
For population variance For sample
variance
Mean is represented by, and N or n is the
number of items.
6
STANDARD
DEVIATION
STANDARD
DEVIATION
Standard Deviation shows the variation in
data.
If the data is close together, the standard
deviation will be small.
If the data is spread out, the standard
deviation will be large.
Standard Deviation is often denoted
by the lowercase Greek letter sigma, .
8
PROCESS TO FIND STANDARD
DEVIATION
Find the variance.
a) Find the Mean of the data.
b) Subtract the mean from each value.
c) Square each deviation of the mean.
d) Find the sum of the squares.
e) Divide the total by the number of
items.
Take the square root of the variance.
9
STANDARD DEVIATION
FORMULA
The standard deviation formula can be represented
using Sigma Notation:
x X
2
x
2
s
n 1
sample standard deviation
N
population standard
deviation
The standard deviation formula is the square root of
the variance.
10
GRAPH
The bell curve is commonly seen in statistics
as a tool to understand standard deviation.
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FIND THE VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
Example : 1
The Math exam scores of five
students are:
92,88,80,68 and 52.
“Consider test scores values
are (x)”
12
STEPS
1) Find the Mean (x̅ ):
(92+88+80+68+52)/5 = 76.
2) Find the deviation from the mean:
(x -x̅ )
92-76=16
88-76=12
80-76=4
68-76= -8
52-76= -24
13
STEPS
3) Square the deviation from the mean:
(x -x̅ )2
(16)² = 256
(12)² = 144
(4)² = 16
(-8)² = 64
(-24)² = 576
14
STEPS
4) Find the sum of the squares of the
deviation from the mean (x -x̅ )2 :
256+144+16+64+576= 1056
5) Divide by the number of data items to
find the variance:
( x X ) 2
N
variance=1056/5 = 211.2
15
STEPS
6) Find the square root of the variance:
211.2
S.D= 14.53
Thus, the standard deviation of the test
scores is 14.53.
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STEPS OF FINDING SD AND
VARIANCE ON SPSS
Add 50 variables and add data for these
variables
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FINDING SD AND VARIANCE
ON SPSS
After adding variables and their data
click on Select Descriptive
Analyze Statistics
Click on Arrow and Select
Statistics
Select
Frequencies
18
STEPS OF FINDING SD AND
VARIANCE ON SPSS
Select Standard Result
Deviation and
Variance then click
on continue and Ok
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CONCLUSION
As we have seen, standard deviation
measures the dispersion of data.
The greater the value of the standard
deviation, the further the data tend
to be dispersed from the mean.
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