CBTA DGR INITIAL

PRESENTED BY: T. JAYIRAYI

2 3
2 0
 TARISAYI JAYIRAYI
MAd Ed (UZ)
BAdEd (UZ)
Dip AdEd (UZ)
CBTA DG (IATA, Brussels, Belgium)
Train the Trainer DG (IATA, USA)
Professional Skills Instructor
(IATA ,Singapore)
Cargo Skills and Procedures (IATA, China)
Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA,
Switzerland)
Train the Trainer (IATA, Miami USA)
Ground rules.
Phones

There is no silly contribution.

No teacher around, but a facilitator

Free to use restrooms

Introduction
Timetable.
Objectives
 Apply Dangerous Goods Regulations correctly.
 Define Dangerous Goods
 Have the knowledge of the background of the current Regulations and be aware
of the general philosophy.
 Ensure participants understand that DGR training is a SAFETY training.
 Differentiate between Shipper’s and Operator’s responsibilities.
 Be able to identify Dangerous Goods classes by their principle criteria.
 Understand the Limitations for Dangerous Goods transportation.
 Navigate through the alphabetical List of Dangerous Goods and apply the
information it contains.
 Recognise and identify the hazard and handling labels applicable to Dangerous
Goods
 Recognise and identify Dangerous Goods package use and package specification
markings
 Be able to complete Shipper’s declaration and the Air Waybill for Dangerous
Goods.
 Accept a Dangerous Goods shipment correctly by use of an acceptance check list.
 Be familiar with dangerous goods emergency response procedures.
DGR.
IATA 64TH Edition (2023)
 Based on ICAO

 IAEA (for Radioactive)

TEN numbered sections

Significant changes list.
 Addendum
Significant changes

Change to an item

Additional new item

Cancellation of an item
General philosophy

Safety
• The primary objective of dangerous
goods training is safety.
General philosophy
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
develops Recommended procedures for the safe
transport of radioactive materials.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

Technical instructions for safe transport of
dangerous goods.

Dangerous goods are classified according to

criteria determined by United Nations
Subcommittee of experts.

DGR is a field document which incorporates

additional material of practical assistance to users.
General philosophy

Principles and procedures for SAFE transportation.

 Training

 Classifications

 Limitations / Prohibitions,

 Marking and labelling

 Packing

 Documentation / declarations

 Notification to captains

 Avoiding hidden dangers

 Accident and incident reporting

What are DANGEROUS


GOODS?
1. Applicability DGR
All airlines which are Members or Associate

Members of IATA;
all airlines which are party to the IATA

Multilateral Interline Traffic Agreement—Cargo;

all shippers and agents that offer consignments of

dangerous goods to these operators.

 Are Dangerous goods transported by air. Why?

• Some goods have a commercial demand such as

paints, batteries.
• Some goods are time sensitive e.g medical
products which must be refrigerated at
considerable time.
• Some goods are even on an aircraft for its air
worthiness or operations e.g fuel
• If the risk can be identified, then it can be
eliminated. Risk can be reduced by full
compliance to The Regulations.
How can we assure the safe carriage of
Dangerous goods. (1.2.8)

Permitted items must only be accepted and

transported provided they are correctly

identified, classified, packed, marked

and labelled according to regulations.

Approvals
• State of Origin and state of operator may
grant approval to transport Dangerous goods.
• Transport of Dangerous goods under an
approval is limited to
• Transport of DGs forbidden on pax and cargo /
cargo aircraft only where regulations states
such goods may be carried under an approval,
eg Special provision A1 or A2; or
• For other purposes as specified in these
regulations.
 Approvals are at the discretion of operator(s)
concerned.
Exemptions

Authorization issued by an appropriate national

authority of all States concerned providing relief

from the provisions of these Regulations (1.2.6),
e.g In instances of extreme urgency or when
other forms of transport are inappropriate

 Issued on Dangerous goods that are forbidden.

Exceptions

A provision in these Regulations which

excludes a specific item of dangerous goods

from the requirements normally applicable
to that item

 e.g to provide medical aid to a patient during

flight when those dangerous goods have been
placed on board with the approval of the
operator
Shipper’s responsibilities (1.3)
Shipper has to fulfil the following:
Compliance- (Shall & Must – mandatory)
(Should & May- preferred)
Must Provide information regards transportation of

DG.
Must ensure articles are not prohibited for air

transportation.
DGs shipment prepared in accordance with

Regulations.
Shipper employee must have been trained

Preparation and Retention of relevant documents

Operator's responsibilities (1.4)
 Acceptance- Ensuring dangerous goods are

declared.
 Storage

 Loading / Unloading

 Inspection

 Provision of information, including emergency

response information.
 Reporting dangerous goods accidents and incidents.

 Retention of records.

 Training.
Provision of information to:
Operator employee

Passenger

shipper
Training requirements (1.5)

Successful application of the regulations and

achievement of their objective are greatly

dependent on appreciation by all individuals

concerned of the risks involved and on detailed

understanding of the regulations.

Training.
All categories of personnel involved in the

movement of Dangerous goods by air must be

trained in;

General familiarization

Function specific

Safety training

Commensurate with their responsibility.

Training
A test must be provided and successfully

completed to verify understanding of the

regulations.

Recurrent training must be taken within 24

months.

Records of training must be retained for 36

months.
Dangerous goods SECURITY. (1.6)
Awareness training. (Feedback on suspicious / abused items)
Employment verification
Allocation of responsibilities (1.6..4.2)
Procedures for reporting.
Procedures for evaluation of security plans
Ensure distribution of transport docs is
limited.
2 . Limitations

A number of limitations are placed on

dangerous goods which are permitted to be

transported by air.

These limitations are established by these

Regulations. Both States and operators may

impose further restrictions called variations.
(see 2.8)
Forbidden Dangerous Goods.

Certain goods are consider too dangerous for

carriage by transportation, however in exceptional
circumstances and under exemption of the state of
origin, operator, transit, overflight and destination,
these goods may be carried at the discretion of the
airline provided all the conditions of the
exemptions granted are complied with.

Prohibited items must never be accepted for

transportation by air.
Forbidden dangerous goods.
Some DG are considered too hazardous for air
transport under any circumstances.
Such articles which , as presented for transport, are
liable to explode, dangerously react, produce a flame
or dangerous evolution of heat or dangerous emission
of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours
under conditions normally encountered in air
transportation, must not be carried on an aircraft
under any circumstances.

NOTE-Exceptions --Exemptions granted by the states

concerned, DGs may be carried provided that details
of the government exemption are complied with in
their entirety.
Acceptable Dangerous Goods
Listed in subsection 4.2 (list of dangerous
goods)

Can be carried as DGs in cargo.

Can be carried in Passenger baggage.

By post.

In Operator’s property.

Recognition of hidden dangerous goods.

General description often used may

contain DGs. (DGR 2.2)

Other indications that DG may be present

(e.g. labels, markings, pictures of contents)

Aerosol spray cans may contain DGs

Recognition of hidden dangerous goods.

A package with visible frost or very

cold to touch may contain dry-ice

Stained or wet package indicating

spillage.

Package with shifting centre of

gravity may suggest liquid contents

Recognition of hidden dangerous goods

• Packages generating smoke, fumes

or odours.

• Exposing protruding wires that could

be threatening

• Packages making noise (e.g

vibrating, ticking etc).
Dangerous goods carried by Pax and Crew (2.3)

The regulations permit very few DGs to be

carried by pax and crew.

Safety is achieved by certain essential

requirements e.g. controlled quantities.

Some Dangerous goods may require an

operator’s approval (1.4.2.2)

Sometimes the Pilot-in-command needs to be

advised of certain Dangerous goods (1.4.2.2.f)

DGs carried by Pax and Crew.

Passengers and Crew can carry

Dangerous goods in three ways.

 Carry-on baggage.

 Checked baggage.

 On one’s person.
Dangerous goods in post. (2.4)

The appropriate National Authorities concerned must

ensure provisions of the UPU Convention are
complied with.

 Dangerous Goods are forbidden for carriage in mail except

for the following.

 Infectious substances, assigned to Category B (UN 3373)

only, when packed in accordance PI650, and carbon dioxide,

solid when used refrigerant for these infectious
substances.
Dangerous goods in post.
 Patient specimens (3.6.2.1.4) provided that

they are classified, packed and marked as

required by 3.6.2.2.3.8

 Radioactive material provided activity

does not exceed 1/10 of that permitted in

Table 10.3.D.
Dangerous goods in post.
 Lithium ion batteries in equipment,
(UN3481) meeting provision of Section 11 of
PI967. No more than 4cells or 2 batteries may be
mailed in any single package.

 Lithium metal batteries contained in

equipment, (UN3091) meeting provisions of

Section 11 of PI970 PI967. No more than 4cells or
2 batteries may be mailed in any single package.
DGs in operator’s property. (2.5)

o Dangerous goods that are Airline property are

also subject to the Regulations.

o However some of these are transported under

Exceptions.

o These include Dangerous Goods items required

on board for compliance with air safety

regulations.
DGs in Operator’s property.
Life rafts
Life jackets
Emergency escape slides which contain
cylinders of compressed gas
First aid kit
Dangerous goods in operator’s property.
Alcoholic beverages
Perfumes
Dry ice
Batteries of such devices carried on an aircraft

However aircraft spares and articles and

substances shown above that are
replacements, or which have been removed
for replacements must be transported in
accodance with the DGR.
Dangerous goods in Excepted quantities
Dangerous goods in Limited Quantities.
State and operator variations

States (countries) and operators (airlines)

may submit their own variations to the
regulations. E.g.
 Some Governments require that prior
authorisation be obtained before certain
classes of dangerous goods may be
shipped to, from or through their country.
Some disapprove of certain packaging's.
See 2.8.1.1 for status.
2.CLASSIFICATION

Do all dangerous goods

have the same risk /
hazard?
Classification
Dangerous Goods are divided into 9
classes that relate to type of
Hazard.
The order in which they are numbered is for
convenience and does not imply a relative
degree of danger.

Packing groups relate to applicable

degree of danger within a class.
Class / Division have assigned Cargo-IMP

(interline massage procedures) Codes.

Used to facilitate recognition of presence of

DGs on various flight documents.

Applicable Hazard labels specifications

7.3

 (IMP Codes) 7.3 / B.2.2.4

The classes and respective divisions.

Class 1— Class 2—Gases

Explosives •Division 2.1
•Division 1.1
•Division 2.2
•Division 1.2
•Division 2.3
•Division 1.3
•Division 1.4
•Division 1.5
•Division 1.6
Class 3— Class 4—Flammable
Solids; Substances
Flammable Liable to
Liquids Spontaneous
Combustion;
• This class has no Substances Which, in
sub-divisions. Contact with Water,
Emit Flammable
Gases
•Division 4.1
•Division 4.2
•Division 4.3
Class 5—Oxidizing Class 6—Toxic and
Substances and Infectious
Organic Peroxides. Substances

•Division 5.1.
•Division 6.1
•Division 5.2.
•Division 6.2
Class 7—Radioactive Class 8—Corrosives
Material. • This class has no sub-
This class has no sub-
divisions.
divisions

Class 9—
Miscellaneous
Dangerous Goods
•This class has no
sub-divisions.
Question?
Substance which in themselves
are not necessarily combustible,
but may generally cause or
contribute to the combustion of
other material by yielding oxygen.

What is the
 Class
 Division number
 Division name
Question?

What is the PG for the following oral toxicity

solid 301 mg/kg?
 Identification.

DANGEROUS GOODS are identified by Proper

shipping names, including Generic and n.o.s entries.

• A PSN is also assigned a UN / ID number. (4.3)

Question?
• A toxic liquid substance has the following
criteria:
– LC50=460ml pro M3
– Vapour inhalation 11000mL/M3

Name the packing group?

Can this be flown from Germany to Brazil?

PSN

Listed in subsection 4.2 in bold.

Portions appearing in light type are not part of the

PSN.

Substance listed by name with impurities affecting

classification are mixture or solution.

PSN
• Entries are of four types namely (In preferred
order of use)

– Single entries

– Generic entries

– Specific n.o.s

– General n.o.s
Items not listed by name.

• Match to Classification characteristics to given

properties.

• Use the Generic or n.o.s PSN (4.1.A) which most

accurately describes the substance, also using the

preferred order indicated above.

UN / ID number
 UN number is a permanent serial number
assigned.
 ID number is a temporary number in the 8000
series.
 These numbers MUST be prefixed with UN / ID
as applicable when ever used.
Other Columns of 4.2
• Column C- Class or Division (subsidiary risk)

• Column D-Label(s) to be used on the outer

package.
• Column E- Packing group (where applicable)

• Column F- Excepted Quantity code

• Column G- (LTD qty) Pax & Cargo Aircraft PI.

• Column H- (LTD qty) Pax & Cargo Aircraft, Max

net Qty
Column I- (UN) Pax & Cargo Aircraft PI.

Column J- (UN) Pax & Cargo Aircraft Max net qty.

Column K-CAO, PI.

Column L- CAO, Max net qty

Column M- Special Provision (4.4)

Column N- ERG Code.

Multiple hazards.
• When two hazards are in a substance or
mixture, there is need to ascertain which
hazardous characteristic takes precedence.

• The predominant hazard is the PRIMARY

hazard.

• The hazard of lesser risk is the subsidiary

hazard.
• Use Table 3.10.A
Question?
• Which subdivisions (class 1) can be
transported on a passenger aircraft?
Question?
A liquid mixture of benzene and a substance not
subject to these regulations has a closed cup
flash point of 23 degrees Celsius and initial
boiling point of 40 degrees celsius.

• What is the proper shipping name and packing

group?
4. PACKING REQUIREMENTS

DGs must be packed in good quality

packaging which must be able to

withstand normal conditions of transport.

Packing requirements.
Classes 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 have
packing groups assigned to them
depending upon degree of
danger they represent.

 Packing group 1--high danger

 Packing group 2—medium danger

 Packing group 3—low danger

Methods of packing.

Combination packagings—these consists of

the outer packagings and the inner packagings
and may be packed in absorbent or cushioning
material

Single packagings—These UN specification

packagings normally require no outer

packaging for protection.
Methods of packing.

Composite packaging-

Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBC)-

Overpack-

Salvage packaging-
What is an overpack
 An enclosure used by a single shipper to
contain one or more packages to form one
handling unit.

 A ULD is not considered an overpack.

examples of an overpack is a wooden crate,

shrinkwrapping or straps.
Types of Packagings

These are the outer most packages. (5.0.

UN specification packaging.

Limited quantity packaging.

Excepted quantity packaging.

Types of packagings.

UN Specification packagings
These packagings are subject to
performance tests

The severity of the tests on a packaging

is dependent on the degree of danger
(PG) of the intended contents.

They bear a UN specification marking.

Types of packagings.
LIMITED QUANTITY packaging

 This packaging provisions recognises that

many dangerous goods in small quantities

present a less reduced hazard.

 The limited quantity packagings must be

made to the same construction requirements

as the UN specification packaging.

Limited quantity
 They must be capable of withstanding a 1.2

metre (4ft) drop test and a 24hr stacking test.

(DGR6.6)

 Such must bear a limited quantities mark to

indicate that they meet the requirements.

Types of packaging

EXCEPTED quantities

 very small quantities of dangerous goods

 are excepted from the packaging, marking,

loading and documentation requirements

applicable for all other dangerous goods.

5. MARKING AND LABELLING

Packages containing dangerous goods are normally

identified with specific markings and hazard labels,
intended to alert you to the risk inherent to the
contents.
Correct marking and labelling is an important
element in the safe transport process, fulfilling the
following general purposes:
 Indicating the contents of the package
 Indicating that packaging meets approved
standards
 Providing safe handling and stowage information
 Indicating nature of hazard
marking

 Ensure marking is applied in the correct

locations on the package and that it meets

the quality and specification requirements of
the regulations.
 Ensure that where specifications packaging is

required, the specification markings are as

specified
 Remove or obliterate any irrelevant marking
Two types of markings
Marking which identify the use of a
particular packaging for a particular
shipment. (The PSN, UN or ID number, and
full name and address of the shipper and
consignee.)

Markings that identify the design or

specifications of a packaging, i.e UN
specification packagings markings or marking
to indicate limited quantity packagings.
How do I recognize the UN Specification markings

UN Specification packages are performance

oriented and subject to specified tests before

being permitted to bear the required
marking.

See example 7.1 C (REF 6.0.4.2) (6.0.C)

DGR
The LIMITED QUANTITY packaging do not

require specification markings as the UN

specification markings. They just require a

‘LIMITED QUANTITY marking as indicated in

FIG 7.1.A
Labelling

Packages containing DGs must be properly

labelled to indicate their contents.

Two types of labels:

 HAZARD labels

 HANDLING labels
What do labels indicate?

Packages containing dangerous goods are

normally identified with Hazard labels, intended

to alert you to the risks inherent to the contents.

Certain DGs require special handling, which

may be in addition to, or in some cases, instead of

the hazard label, because they need to be handled
or loaded in a particular manner.
Handling
6. STORAGE AND LOADING

Conditions normal to air transport rely on

proper warehouse storage and handling and
correct loading onto aircraft floors or ULDs.
If handled improperly, the packagings
containing DGs may fail.

The following must be addressed to ensure

proper storage and handling of packages of
DGs in warehouse and on loading or
unloading from aircraft
Storage and handling

 Protection from damage by movement of

baggage, mail, stores or other cargo.
Particular attention must be paid in
preparation for transport-the type of aircraft
to be used, and method used to load that
aircraft (9.3.5.1)
Storage and handling
Inspection of packages of DGs. packages or overpack
must not be loaded onto an aircraft or into a unit load
device unless the package or overpack has been inspected
immediately prior to loading and found free from visible
leaks or damage. (9.3.5.1)
 On unloading from aircraft or ULD, inspection must be
done for damages or leakage on the position where they
packages were stowed. If any evidence of damage or
leaking is found, check also for contamination. (9.4.1)
 Any package, which appears to be damaged or leaking,
must be removed from the aircraft and safe disposal
arranged in accordance with company airport and
government procedures. -This may require the services of a
specialist. (9.3.6.3)
Storage and handling
Handling of self reactive substances (Div 4.1) and organic
peroxides (Div 5.2)-Packages or ULDs containing these MUST be
protected from direct sunlight and kept away from all sources of
heat and placed in adequately ventilated areas everytime

 Storage and handling of Radio-active materials-unlike other
classes of DGs, packages containing radio-active material may emit
radiation that can be measured outside the package.

 Packages containing radio-active material must be placed in a place
away from from areas occupied by persons as offices to ensure
radiation is minimised. Also time spent handling these packages
must be kept minimum. e.g load radio-active material late to avoid
being in the compartment with the material while loading

Loading

Packages containing Dangerous goods, which

might react dangerously with each other
must not be stowed on an aircraft (or in
warehouse) next to each other. To maintain
acceptable segregation see TABLE 9.3.A
irrespective of wether the hazard is primary
or subsidiary risk, based on hazard labels
applied to package.
The extent to which explosives may be
stowed together in an aircraft is determined
by their compatibility. See TABLE 3.1.A
Loading
Securing of DGs can be accomplished in
many ways. Accompanying cargo, baggage
can be used to securing DGs from shifting or
moving during flt. Nets, ropes, etc
Loading restrictions

DGs may be carried in a main deck cargo

compartment of a pax aircraft provided
that the compartment meets all the
certification requirements for a Class B or
Class C of cargo aircraft compartments.
Cargo Compartments Classification see
Appendix A (Workbook 6.3.3.2)
Loading on cargo aircraft
Packages bearing “Cargo Aircraft Only” label must be
loaded in accordance with one of the following
 In a class C aircraft cargo compartment
 In a ULD equipped with a fire detection/suppression
system equivalent to that required by the certification
requirements of a class C aircraft cargo compartment
as detemined by appropriate national authority.
 In such a manner that in event of an emergency
involving such packages, a crew member can access
those packages, and can handle, and where size
permits, separate from other cargo
 When requested, packages bearing CAO labels
should be made available to crew for inspection prior
to departure.
Loading on cargo aircraft
HOWEVER ALL THE ABOVE
RERQUIREMENTS DO NOT APPLY TO:
FLAMMABLE LIQUID, PG 111, other
than those with a subsidiary risk of Class
8, (Class3)
TOXIC and INFECTIOUS substances
(class 6)
RADIO-ACTIVE MATERIAL (Class 7)
MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS
(Class 9)
Commodity specific requirements

Stowage of packages containing liquid DGS-“This

way up” must be handled as such at all times.
Stowage of Toxic and Infectious Substances—Div
6.1 or Div 6.2 must not be stowed in same
compartment with Animals, foodstuffs, feed, or other
edible substances for human and animals.

Loading and Stowage of Radio-active material—
Categories I-White, II-Yellow or III-Yellow must not be
loaded in same compartment occupied by pax or
crew. (see 9.3.10.2)
See TABLE 9.3.A for separation of Radioactive
material-pax and cargo aircraft.
7. PROVISION OF INFORMATION

The Pilot in command need to know about

DGs on an aircraft.—this info should be
presented in a dedicated form, ie NOTOC
Information to be presented on NOTOC
(9.5.1.1.1)
Radioactive Material
Generally, RADIOACTIVE material

are articles / substances which

spontaneously emit certain types of
radiation (ionizing radiation) which
can be harmful to health, and other
material e.g undeveloped
photographic film.
Definition. (10.3.1)
Any material containing radionuclides, where

both the activity concentration and the total

activity exceeds the values specified in 10.3.2