casts and moulds:

Presented By: Thursday,

FANA origins of the man 06/27/2024

and his nationalism

ancestry and
social status of
rizal
• Known as “Pride of Malay Race”

Jose Rizal
• He was a tonatra.
- mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino blood.
 ancestry and
social status of
rizal
• His paternal lineage can be traced to:
- a couple named Siang-co and Zunio, from
Sionque in the Chinchew District of Fujian Province in
China. Jose Rizal
- they had a son named Lam-co (esquire) who
migrated to the Philippines around the late 1600s
and married Ines de la Rosa.
- Ines gave birth to Francisco Mercado.
 ancestry and
social status of
rizal
-Francisco Mercado married a Chinese mestiza
named Cirila Bernarda Monicha, who bore a son
named Juan.
Jose Rizal
-Juan married a Chinese mestiza, Cirila
Alejandra, and had 13 children, one of whom was
Francisco Engracio, who was Rizal’s father.
 ancestry and
social status of
rizal
• His maternal lineage can be traced to:
- last ruler of the pre-Spanish kingdom of Tondo
- the great Sinunao Lacandola.
• Somewhere down the genealogy, there was a Jose Rizal
certain Captain Mariano Alejandro who bore to
Faustina Florentina, a Chinese mestiza, a
daughter named Maria Alejandro.
• Maria Alejandro was married to Captain Cipriano
and had a son named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo,
who records descrfibe, was “very Chinese in
 ancestry and
social status of
rizal
• Lorenzo Alberto married Brigada de Quintos and
fathered with Rizal’s mother Teodora.
• Brigada de Quintos was of mixed ancestry.
- historical records traced her maternal lineage Jose Rizal
to a certain Policarpio Ochoa.
- somewhere down the genealogy Maria Ochoa
married Maquies de Canete and their union bore
Regina Ochoa who, in turn , bore Brigada de Quintos.
- some other sources have Eugenio Ursua, a
man of Japanese descent, as a father of Regina.
 ancestry and
social status of
rizal
-records agree, however, Regina Ochoa was a
Chinese-Tagalog-Spanish ancestry.

Jose Rizal
 ancestry and
social status of
rizal
What can we leARN FROM RIZAL’S COLORFUL
ANCESTRY?
• Historians, Zaide in particular, argued that the
mixed lineage that Rizal inherited helped him Jose Rizal
become who he became in the annals of
Philippine history.
• As for his social status, Rizal was an indio, a
principalia, and an ilustrado.
• Siang-co and Zunio, were presumed to be of
higher social status given that the “-co” and “-
ancestry and
social status of
rizal
• Rizal’s paternal lineage was prestigious and
influential.

Jose Rizal
• Juan, Rizal’s grandfather, changed the status of
his family from “Chinese mestizo” to “indio”.
ancestry and
social status of
rizal
• As prestigious and influential Rizal’s paternal
lineage was, his maternal ancestry was equally
or even more prestigious and influential.
Jose Rizal
• Now of there’s one thing we can learn for certain
from the preceding presentation, it is the fact
that Rizal was endowed with the philosopher
Immanuel Kant called “gifts of fortune” - he was
fortunate to have been born to an economically
and politically influential clan.
these lead to the question:
Had Rizal been Would be have
born otherwise, been able,
would he have granted that he
even desired indeed had
for the desired, to do
betterment of what he did for
the country? the country?
liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• At this point, the stories of events that happened
even before Rizal was born will be narrated -
stories that have helped shaped Rizal’s
worldview and nationalism through what the Jose Rizal
American biographer and historian James
Alexander Robertson mentioned, in his
introduction of Craig’s “Lineage, Life and Labors
of Jose Rizal, Philippine Patriot”, selective
principle.
liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• It must be noted that Rizal’s desire was not
freedom from Spain but freedom from the
Spanish colonial government that failed to bring
the Islands to a status greater than the “Medieval Jose Rizal
Europe” that the early colonizers gave to the
Philippines.

• The Chinese, Domingo Lam-co being one of

them, found favor from the Dominicans in the
form of them being taken in by the Order during
liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• Disputes over the land, as was the case with
Francisco’s lawsuit, was then - as it is now - a
fairly common issue.
Jose Rizal
• As Craig noted, “History has recorded enough
agrarian trouble, in all ages and in all countries,
to prove the economic mistake of large holdings
of lands by those who do not cultivate it.

• The issue about personal liberty and rights of

liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• Bourbon war against England happened.

• British briefly occupied Manila from 1762 - 1764.

Jose Rizal
• Chinese sided with the British.

• Explusion of the Jesuits in 1768

• The confiscation of the Kalamba Estate by the

government.
liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• A year after the death of Francisco, the
government sold the estate to a lay Spaniard Don
Jose Clemente de Azanza.
Jose Rizal
• Another bloodier war was indirectly brought
about by the American Revolution.

• The educational system in the Philippines at that

time called for radical change.
liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• Spain was experiencing political unrest during
the time Juan was the alcalde of Biñan.

• Ferdinand did not honor the Cadiz Constitution Jose Rizal

and instead fashioned himself as an absolute
monarch.

• The Iberian colonies in the New World had

already achieved or were about to achieve their
independence.
liberalizing
hereditary
influence
• Spaniards in the Philippines were not pure evil

Jose Rizal
• But Rizal hated the abusive Spain.
 liberalizing
hereditary
influence
And those were the stories. Perhaps, it would not be
so much of an overstatement to say that the events
mentioned - events that shaped the worldview and
an even character of his forebears - had profound
impact in Rizal’s own world views and
characteristics response to similar incidences; that
had events happened otherwise or had his ancestors
been impacted by these events differently there
could have been a very real chance that Rizal would
not have the worldview that he had or that he could
HARROWING
EVENTS
• At this point, stories of liberalizing events that
happened during Rizal’s lifetime - events that
likewise affected his worldview and nationalism
profoundly - will be narrated. Jose Rizal
• Of all the events that happened in the personal
life of Rizal, there were two that stood out that
brought Rizal to the path that he would take: the
execution of the three secular priests, and the
injustices done to his mother.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• The execution of GomBurZa in February 17,
1872;

• Rizal himself said, as quoted by Guerrero, “Had it Jose Rizal

not been for the events of 1872, Rizal would
have been a Jesuit.”

• Seen by many not merely as an execution, but a

declaration of war against the secularization of
the parishes and the growing liberal statements
HARROWING
EVENTS
• The secularization controversy started almost a
century.

• Padre Mariano Gomes de los Angeles was Padre Jose Rizal

Pedro Pelaez’ co-leader in the secular’s protest
against the order from Spain mandating secular
priest.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• Padre Jose Apolonio Burgos, an insular was a
protege of Padre Pelaez. Commended by Manila
Archbishop Gregorio Meliton Martinez. Jose Rizal

• Padre Burgos, Leader in the secularization after

the death of Pelaez. Wrote Manifesto, defending
the rights of the secular clergy.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• The “Pamphlet” published in 1864

• Padre Jacinto Zamora, based on his letter of

application, was a “mestizo español” Jose Rizal
• Mestizos de Español and Españoles Filipinos held
the highest positions both civil government and
the military
HARROWING
EVENTS
• “Orden de Arresto” serve to him was supposed to
be for Jose Maria Zamora, she wrote “Gran
reunion. Acude V. Sin Falta. Los amigos vendran
provistos de balay y polvora.” Jose Rizal
• Mutiny of 1872, led by the Spanish Mestizo Sgt.
Fernando La Madrid.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• Trinidad Hemenegildo Pardo de Tavera, a
researcher-historian nephew of one of those
sentenced into exile in the aftermath of the
incident. Jose Rizal
• When the last Habsburg King of Spain Charles II
died without an issue, the crown fell to the
Bourbons of France. Mounting their own Age of
Enlightenment.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• The Spanish Liberals waged their guerilla
warfare, won through the help of the Duke of
Wellington and established the Cadiz
Constitution. Jose Rizal

• When Bonaparte was defeated, and the French

monarchy reinstituted, Ferdinand VII resume his
aborted reign.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• He was the man who sent Carlos Maria de la
Torre y Nava Cerrada to assume the office of
Governor General of the Philippines.
Jose Rizal
• He pardoned the “Rebels of Cavite’s agrarian
revolt and made them members of the new
group auxiliary to the Civil Guard. He made
Casimiro Camerino the captain of the corpse.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• Amadeus’ reign was the shortest in Spanish.

• Appointed Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Jose Rizal

Gutierrez.

• But the situation in the Philippines turned him

less liberal - a “conservative liberal”.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• Gomez was Palaez’ co-champion for
secularization Burgos was a protege of Palaez,
and the ill-fated Zamora was caught with that
incriminating note on his drawer. Jose Rizal

• An event immortalized by the story of Sisa in the

Noli. Rizal recounted the in his anonymous
student diary.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• Jose Alberto Alonzo, Doña Teodora’s brother
found out that his wife was living with another
man.
Jose Rizal
• Don Antonio Vivencio the one who Doña Teodora
to be taken to the provincial jail in the capital
Sta. Cruz.
HARROWING
EVENTS
• Rizal’s mother was incarceted for two and half
years.

• Don Fransico and Manuel Marzano, the most Jose Rizal

renowned lawyers.

• Austin Craig recognized the Spanisd judicial

injustice suffered by Doña Teodora as “The
greatest influence” on the young Rizal.
EArly education

• Like any ordinary boy, Rizal’s sojourn into the

wide real of education started within the cozy
fines of that stone house in Calamba.
Jose Rizal
• His Aya read him stories

• Tio Jose Manuel the one taught Rizal exercises

• Tio Gregorio taught him some basic principles in

life
EArly education

• Doña Teodora was Rizal’s first teacher.

• Taught him how to read at three

Jose Rizal
• Story of the month - A story that somehow
prefigured what Rizal would do years later

• Rizal’s private tutor was Maestro Calestino,

Maestro Lucas Padua, and Maestro Leon Monroy
 EArly education

• Doña Teodora also taught Rizal the basic prayers

• Juancho the one who gave Rizal painting skills

Jose Rizal
• Sir John Bowring, the notable polygot whose
achievement because of his mastery of the
language Rizal wanted to rival

• December 17, 1870 he left biñan for Manila

Aboard the streamer Talim.
 EArly education

• Barely after two years after he left Biñan, the

Cavite Mutiny happened.

• The execution of GomBurZa Jose Rizal

• Manuel Xerez helped Rizal's entry to Ateneo
.
• Ad majorem Dei Gloriam is the Jesuits academic
system that made Rizal even more pious and
devoted than he was before.
EArly education

• Rizal as an indio, loves to beat his Spanish

classmates and excel in class because of the
discrimination of skin color.
Jose Rizal
• The family of Rizal decided to send him to
college despite the protestation of Doña Teodora.

• Rizal ended up taking Philosophy and Letters at

the University of Santo Tomas because Don
Francisco Engracio wanted him to study
EArly education

Three things that made Rizal unhappy during his

stay with Dominicans was:

• The Hostile treatment Jose Rizal

• Racial Discrimination
• Obsoleteness and represive nature of the
Dominican Education System
EArly education

• After finishing his medicine course, Rizal

decided to leave UST and go to Europe without
the knowledge of his family except Paciano, he
left for Europe on May 3, 1882 Jose Rizal