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HARDWARE AND NETWORKING SERVICE LEVEL – I
Module Title: Connecting
Hardware Peripherals
Module code: EIS HNS1 M01
0322
Nominal duration: 50 Hour
April, 2023
Prepared by: Siraj B(Bsc)
Rayitu , Oromia
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Introduction to Computer
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.
It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send
email, play games, and browse the Web.
You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.
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purpose of a computer
The computer was invented in order to automate mathematical calculations that
were previously completed by people. Charles Babbage is considered to be the
“father” of the computer.
Computers do not have any one particular purpose. Instead, they are a tool that is
meant to serve human beings in any way that we can think of. For example, we
can use computers as a means of communication. We can use them to send email
or for different internet services.
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Hardware and Software Computer Components
What is Computer Hardware?
Several components in a computer working together are called hardware. It
consists of mechanical devices such as a CPU, keyboard, mouse, speaker,
monitor, printer, hard disk, and so on. All these devices can be touched and
felt.
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cont.…
All the devices vary in size, cost, and specification. We need to choose the
compatible one.
Hard ware devices are categorized in to Input devices,
Output devices, Storage devices and internal
components and this part is more discussed in the next topic which is called
peripheral devices.
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What is Computer Software?
Computer software helps the computer to perform the task using programs. It is generally
a language that a computer understands.
Collection of instructions that enables a user to interact with the computer
Types of software
Major types of computer software are:
Application software
System software
Programming software
Driver software
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Computer Classifications
Classification of Computers according to Size, Type and Purpose
We can classify the computers into the following 3 categories:
On the Basis of Size and Capacity, [Supercomputer, Mainframe, Mini, and
Micro Computer].
On the Basis of Purposes, [General and Special Purpose].
On the Basis of Hardware Design and Type [Analog, Digital, and Hybrid
Computer].
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Cont…
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Identifying client peripherals requirements
Peripheral Devices
are the devices that are attached to the computer’s system unit. Any input, output
or external storage device connected externally or internally communicate with
the computer's processors is termed as peripherals. Examples are: monitor,
keyboard, printer, disk, tape, graphics tablet, scanner, joy stick, paddle or mouse
etc.
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Categories of Peripherals and Device Drivers
Peripheral devices can be categorized in to three (3)
1. Input device
2. Output devices
3. Internal and external storage devices.
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1. Input device
Input device is a device that has been used as a means of input.
The common input devices are keyboard, mouse, and scanner.
o Keyboard - The computer key board is used to input, or enter, letters, numbers,
symbols, punctuations and commands into the computer. The standard keyboard
layout is sometimes called QWERTY layout and it is the most common layout.
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Cont.…
A mouse is a device that controls the movement of the cursor on a screen
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Conti…
A scanner is a device that captures text or illustrations on paper and converts the
information into a form the computer can use
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Imaging and Video input Devices
Video input devices are used to digitize images or video from the
outside world into the computer. The information can be stored in a
multitude of formats depending on the user's requirement.
o Digital camera
o Webcam
o Image scanner
o Fingerprint scanner
o Barcode reader
o 3D scanner
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Web Cam
Web cams are small cameras that plug into your computer which allow the user
to share a moving image of themselves with others on other computers through
the Internet.
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microphone
Microphone is attach a computer by a cable that can transmit sounds and used to
gather sound information to the computer when the computer is a multimedia
system.
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Digital camera
The digital camera takes a still photograph, stores it and then sends it as digital
input in to computer.
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Joy stick
Joystick is popular pointing device, used mostly for playing computer games
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bar code
The bar code is identifies the product to the supermarket’s computer and has a
description and the latest price of the product.
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Output Device
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried out by an
information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world.
In computing, input/output, or I/O, refers to the communication between an
information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside world.
Inputs are the signals or data sent to the system, and outputs are the signals or
data sent by the system to the outside.
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Conti…
Examples of output devices are:-
1. printer
In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics of
documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as
paper or transparencies.
22 Speakers
Computer speakers range widely in quality and in price. The computer speakers
typically packaged with computer systems are small, plastic, and have mediocre
sound quality. Some computer speakers have equalization features such as bass
and treble controls.
23 Headphones
Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers, or less commonly a single speaker,
held close to a user's ears and connected to a signal source such as an audio
amplifier, radio, CD player or portable media player.
24 Screen (Monitor)
A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual display unit) is an
electronic visual display for computers
are used to display information.
The first computer monitors used Cathode ray tubes (CRTs), which was the
dominant technology until they were replaced by LCD monitors in the 21st
Century.
Quiz
answer
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Storage devices
Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer
components and recording media that retain digital data.
Data storage is one of the core functions and fundamental components of
computers.
There are 3 types of storage devices:
1. Primary Storage
2. Secondary Storage
3. Tertiary Storage
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Primary Storage
is also known as the main memory or a temporary storage device. It is fast in
nature but can accommodate only few data. Data that has been stored in memory
flushes off when you restart your computer, thus called temporary storage device.
It is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads
instructions stored there and executes them as required. Any data actively
operated on is also stored there in uniform manner.
RAM Image
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Secondary Storage
Secondary storage (also known as external memory or auxiliary storage),
differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The
computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and
transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down—it
is non-volatile. Examples of a secondary storage device are Internal Hard drive,
external Hard Drive, Flash Disk, CD/DVD, Floppy disk, Memory card.
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Tertiary Storage
Tertiary storage or tertiary memory provides a third level of storage. Typically it
involves a robotic mechanism which will mount (insert) and dismount removable
mass storage media into a storage device according to the system's demands; this
data is often copied to secondary storage before use.
Removable Disks
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Connectivity devices
The majority of external peripheral devices connect to the back of the computer’s
system unit with cables and connectors.
The computer’s system unit has a variety of ports available for use by different
peripheral device cables.
A port is a socket that is used to connect the cables from peripheral devices to the
computer or the position to plug peripheral devices.
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Ports
A port is an interface on a computer through which the device is communicate
(send and receive data).
Personal computers have various types of ports. Personal computers have ports
for connecting Monitor/display, printer, mouse, keyboard, scanner, Removable
disks and other peripheral devices.
The types of ports are:-
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Conti…
System Unit with different Ports
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Conti…
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Parallel Ports
are used primarily for connecting printers to your system. Because of this it is
called LPT (line print) port. It is also called female port since it consists of holes.
Parallel ports generate speeds of 100KBS and reflect transfers 10 times faster
than serial speeds.
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USB (Universal Serial Bus)
USB is a high performance-networking standard based on serial bus architecture.
Most new computers and associated peripheral devices like printers and scanners support
USB.
USB ports are used to connect just about any type of peripheral devices speed
enhancements have greatly improved performance with USB 1.0 generating speeds at 14
MB/S and USB 2.0 attaining speeds of 480MB/S.
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VGA/ Video Graphics Array
A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15
connector.
The 15-pin VGA connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors,
and some television sets.
On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini-VGA port is sometimes used
in place of the full-sized VGA connector.
VGA port and its Data Cable
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NIC Port / Network Interface Card
Alternatively referred to as an Ethernet port, the LAN port is a port connection
that allows a computer to connect to a network using a wired connection. In the
picture to the right, is a close up example of what a LAN port looks like for a
network cable using an RJ-45 connector. In the case of this example, the two led
lights will blink when that port is active and receiving activity.
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Power Supply
A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more
electric loads.
It converts AC/alternate current to Dc/ Direct Current
Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any
energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source.
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Conti….
There are several types of ports like :-
serial port
parallel port
USB port
AGP port
power supply port and so on.
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Serial ports
serial port is the oldest technology that is used to connect some types of mouse,
keyboard, and other peripherals. As the name indicates, this port sends data
serially that is one bit at a time.
A serial port is also called male port since it consists of protruding pins. Its
transfer rate is close to 10KBS data.
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Parallel Ports
are used primarily for connecting printers to your system. Because of this it is
called LPT (line print) port. It is also called female port since it consists of holes.
Parallel ports generate speeds of 100KBS and reflect transfers 10 times faster
than serial speeds.
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USB (Universal Serial Bus)
USB is a high performance-networking standard based on serial bus architecture.
Most new computers and associated peripheral devices like printers and scanners
support USB.
USB ports are used to connect just about any type of peripheral devices speed
enhancements have greatly improved performance with USB 1.0 generating speeds
at 14 MB/S and USB 2.0 attaining speeds of 480MB/S.
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VGA/ Video Graphics Array
A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15
connector. The 15-pin VGA connector is found on many video cards, computer
monitors, and some television sets.
On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini-VGA port is sometimes used
in place of the full-sized VGA connector.
Fig.1.2.16. VGA port and its Data Cable
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NIC Port / Network Interface Card
Alternatively referred to as an Ethernet port, the LAN port is a port connection
that allows a computer to connect to a network using a wired connection. In the
picture to the right, is a close up example of what a LAN port looks like for a
network cable using an RJ-45 connector. In the case of this example, the two led
lights will blink when that port is active and receiving activity.
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Power Supply
A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more
electric loads.
It converts AC/alternate current to Dc/ Direct Current
