One to one and Inverse

Functions
Prepared by: Ms. Ghia R. Relucio
One to
one and
Inverse Lesson Outline
1. Definition of a one-to-one function

Function 2. Real-life situations that can be presented by

one-to-one functions
3. Properties of one-to-one functions
s 4. Horizontal Line Test

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and 1. The relation pairing an SSS member to

Inverse
his/her SSS number.
2. The relation pairing a citizenship to a
person.

Function 3. A car model to its manufacturer company.

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One to
one and It’s Your Turn!

Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to
one and
Inverse
Function
s

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One to Written Work: Find the inverse of the ff functions:

one and
Inverse
Function
s

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What is an Inverse?
An inverse relation is a relation that performs the
opposite operation on x (the domain).

Examples:
f(x) = x – 3 f-1(x) = x + 3
g(x) = x ,x≥0 g-1(x) = x2 , x ≥ 0
h(x) = 2x h-1(x) = ½ x
k(x) = -x + 3 k-1(x)= -(x – 3)

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Section 1.9 : Illustration
of the Definition of Inverse
Functions

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The ordered pairs of the function f are reversed to
produce the ordered pairs of the inverse relation.
Example: Given the function
f = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (4, 2)}, its domain is {1, 2, 3, 4}
and its range is {1, 2, 3}.
The inverse of f is {(1, 1), (3, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)}.
The domain of the inverse relation is the range of the
original function.
The range of the inverse relation is the domain of the
original function.

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How do we know if an inverse
function exists?
• Inverse functions only exist if the original
function is one to one. Otherwise it is an
inverse relation and cannot be written as
f-1(x).

• What does it mean to be one to one?

That there are no repeated y values.

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Horizontal Line Test
Used to test if a function is one-to one
If the line intersection more than once then it is not one to
one.
Therefore there is not inverse function.
y
(0, 7) (4, 7)
Example: The function
y = x2 – 4x + 7 is not one-to-one y=7
because a horizontal line can 2
intersect the graph twice. x
2
Examples points: (0, 7) & (4, 7).

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Example: Apply the horizontal line test to the graphs
below to determine if the functions are one-to-one.
a) y = x3 b) y = x3 + 3x2 – x – 1
y y
8 8

4 4

-4 4 -4 4
x x

one-to-one not one-to-one

The Inverse is a Function The Inverse is a Relation
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The graphs of a relation and its inverse are reflections
in the line y = x.
Example: Find the graph of the inverse relation
geometrically from the graph of f (x) = 1 ( x 3  2)
4
The ordered pairs of f are given by y y=x
1
the equation y  ( x 3  2) . 2
4
The ordered pairs of the inverse are
1 3 x
given by x  ( y  2) . -2 2
4
-2
3
( y  2) ( x 3  2)
x y
4 4
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Section 1.9 : Figure 1.93, Graph of
an Inverse Function
Functions and their
inverses are symmetric
over the line y =x

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To find the inverse of a relation algebraically, interchange
x and y and solve for y.
Example: Find the inverse relation algebraically for the
function f (x) = 3x + 2.

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DETERMINING IF 2 FUNCTIONS ARE INVERSES:
The inverse function “undoes” the original function,
that is, f -1( f (x)) = x.

The function is the inverse of its inverse function,

that is, f ( f -1(x)) = x.

Example: The inverse of f (x) = x3 is f -1(x) = 3 x .

3 3
f ( f(x)) = x = x and f ( f -1(x)) = (3 x )3 = x.
-1

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 x 1
Example: Verify that the function g(x) =
is the inverse of f(x) = 2x – 1. 2

( f ( x)  1) (( 2 x  1)  1) 2x
g( f(x)) = = = =x
2 2 2

f(g(x)) = 2g(x) – 1 = 2( x  1 ) – 1 = (x + 1) – 1 = x
2
It follows that g = f -1.

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Exponential Functions
Prepared by: Ms. Ghia R. Relucio
Determining the Zeroes of
Exponential Functions
Determining the Zeroes of
Exponential Functions
Determining the Zeroes of
Exponential Functions
Exponential Function

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑥, where (𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1).

An exponential function with the base b is a function of the form

Some of the most common applications in real-life of

exponential functions and their transformations are population
growth, exponential decay, and compound interest.
Application of Exponential Functions

The following are examples of representing an exponential function in real-life

situations.

Example 1
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD Farm is put into a Petri dish and the culture
doubles every 10 hours. Give an exponential model for the situation. How many
bacteria will there be after 90 hours?
Application of Exponential Functions

Example 2
A certain radioactive substance decays half of itself every 5 days. Initially, there are
50 grams. Determine the amount of substance left after 30 days, and give an
exponential model for the amount of remaining substance.

Exponential Decay
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to
decay. The exponential decay formula is y= yo (1/2)t/T .
Application of Exponential Functions

Example 3
Aling Dionisia deposits ₱10,000.00 in BDO that pays 3% compound interest annually.
Define an exponential model for this situation. How much money will she have after
11 years without withdrawal?

Compound Interest
If a principal P (initial amount of money) is invested at an annual rate of r;
compounded annually, then the amount after t years is given by
A = P(1+r)t.
Application of Exponential Functions

Example 4
The Natural Exponential Function
While an exponential function may have various bases, a frequently used base is the
irrational number e, whose value is approximately 2.71828. Because e is a commonly
used base, the natural exponential function is defined as having e as the base.
The predicted population of a certain city is given by P=200,000 e (0.03y) where y is the
number of years after the year 2020. Predict the population for the year 2030.

The natural exponential function is the function f(x) = ex.

Application of Exponential Functions

Written Work:
[Link] the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 20 days and there are
10g initially. Determine the exponential model and the amount of substance
remaining after 75 days.

2. Danzel deposited an amount of ₱10,000.00 in a bank that pays 4% annual interest

compounded annually. How much money will he have in the bank after 2 years.

3. The population of a certain country can be approximated by the function P(x) =

20,000,000 e 0.0251x where x is the number of years. Use this model to get the
approximate number of the population after 30 years.
 Application of Exponential Functions
Written Work:- Wise Decision and Friendship Goal

You have a best friend, and she is also an 18-year old senior high school student and asking for your
advice as to which between the two “25th birthday gift options” posted by her parents she should
choose for her 25th birthday.

Option A: Her parents will give her ₱3,000.00 each year starting from her 19th birthday until her
25th birthday.

Option B: Her parents will give her ₱400.00 on her 19th birthday, ₱800.00 on her 20th birthday,
₱1,600.00 on her next birthday, and the amount will be doubled each year until she reaches 25.
Task:
You need to prepare a written report highlighting the amount of money (y) your best friend gets
each year (x) starting from her 19th birthday using options A and B in tabular form. Write equations
that represent the two options with a complete set of solutions. At the end of your report, write a
conclusion stating the option you will choose and the explanation of your decision.
Domain and range of exponential
functions
Recall that the domain of a function is the set of all allowable values of 𝑥, commonly
known as the independent variable or possible inputs of the function.

The range of a function is the set of output values commonly known as the
dependent variable when all x-values in the domain are evaluated into the function.

This means that you need to find the domain first to describe the range

Recall:
1. Find the domain and range
a. y=2x+3
b. y= 2/(x+3)
c. y= √(x+5)
Domain and range of exponential
functions

1. Find the domain and range of the function 𝑦 = 3 x+2

2. Find the domain and range of the function y= (1/4)2x
Domain and range of exponential
functions
Domain and range of exponential
functions
Written Work: Find the domain and range of the following exponential functions.
Intercepts, zeroes and Asymptotes
of exponential functions
[Link] of the exponential function: solve for the
variable x by equating y to zero.
2. Intercepts: The y-intercept is a point at which the
graph crosses the y-axis. The x-value is always at zero.
When you want to find the intercepts from an
equation, let the y- value equal to zero, then solve for
x.
[Link]: look for the value of h
Intercepts, zeroes and Asymptotes
of exponential functions
Logarithmic
Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Example
Laboratory findings show that the SARS-causing corona virus, upon reaching maturity,
divides itself into two after two hours. How many cells of the virus will be present after
1 day if it started with just one cell?
Logarithmic Functions
Example
Laboratory findings show that the SARS-causing corona virus, upon reaching maturity,
divides itself into two after two hours. How many cells of the virus will be present after
1 day if it started with just one cell?

Solution:
Let t = number of hours elapsed
f(t) = number of corona virus present after t hour elapsed
Logarithmic Functions
Example
Laboratory findings show that the SARS-causing corona virus, upon reaching maturity,
divides itself into two after two hours. How many cells of the virus will be present after
1 day if it started with just one cell?

Solution:
Let t = number of hours elapsed
f(t) = number of corona virus present after t hour elapsed
Logarithmic Functions
Example
Laboratory findings show that the SARS-causing corona virus, upon reaching maturity,
divides itself into two after two hours. How many cells of the virus will be present after
1 day if it started with just one cell?

Solution:
Let t = number of hours elapsed
f(t) = number of corona virus present after t hour elapsed
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Here are some of the real-life applications of logarithms.

Richter Scale
The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the
California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of
earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the
amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs.
Logarithmic Functions
Example:
Suppose that an earthquake released approximately 108 joules of energy. (a) What is the
magnitude on a Richter scale? (b) How much more energy does this earthquake release
than the reference earthquake?

Formula:
Logarithmic Functions
Sound Intensity in Decibel
The loudness of a sound is expressed as a ratio comparing the sound to the least sound.
The range of energy from the lowest sound that can be heard to a sound so loud that is
produces pain rather than the sensation of hearing is so large that an exponential scale
is used. The lowest possible sound that can be heard is called the threshold of hearing.
Logarithmic Functions
Sound Intensity in Decibel

Example: The intensity of sound of a lawn mower is 10−3 watts/𝑚2. (a) What is the
corresponding sound intensity in decibels? (b) How much more intense is this sound than
the least audible sound a human can hear?
Logarithmic Functions
pH Scale

Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe a chemical property. Mixing acids and
bases can cancel out or neutralize their extreme effects. A substance that is neither
acidic nor basic is neutral.

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to
14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. The pH
level of a water-based solution is defined as
Logarithmic Functions
pH Scale

A 1-liter solution contains 0.01 moles of hydrogen ions. Determine and describe its pH
level.
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions