Global Demography
Global Demography
o From the name itself, is the
study of the worldwide
population rather than the
population of a specific
country, region, or city
Demographics
o It is the study of a population based
on factors such as age, race, and sex.
Governments, corporations, and non-
government organizations use
demographics to learn more about a
population’s characteristics for many
purposes, including policy development
and economic market research.
•Demography as the Study of Population
• The word population refers to the number of
persons occupying a certain geographic area,
drawing subsistence from their habitat, and
interacting with one another.
• Demography is the scientific study of
population.
• A Demographer is the person who specializes in
the study of population. He gathers data about
the size, distribution, composition, and change
in population in order to describe them. He also
analyzes the structure of population in terms of
factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity,
and some other demographic variables.
•Three Components of
the Population
•
• Size refers to the number of people while
growth refers to the changes in number of people
over time.
• Composition describes the characteristics of
people
comprising the population, their age, sex,
educational attainment, economic activities,
ethnicity, religion, etc.
• Distribution refers to how the population is
distributed in
a given geographic area. This is best measured in
terms of population density.
The change in the population size is determined
by three demographic processes.
•Fertility refers to the amount of
reproduction among women of
reproductive ages. This is usually
expressed in terms of the number of
children born by women in ages 15-49.
•Mortality refers to the number of deaths in a
given population. According to
demographers, declining mortality, not the
rising fertility, is the root cause of current
world population growth.
•Migration refers to the relatively
permanent movement of people with the
purpose of changing their residence.
The ‘Perils” of Overpopulation
The ‘Perils” of Overpopulation
•The need to study population comes from the fact that
changes in population size are important features of
social transition and change. Population growth or
decline, like the introduction of new forms of
technology, can be a cause for social change.
Demographic Transition Theory
• The demographic transition theory is one
way to explain how the world today has
experienced rapid population growth. It
is a global demographic issue in which
population growth has transitioned from a
pattern of high birth rate and high death rate to
a modern pattern of low birth rate and low
death rate.
Demographic Transition Theory
oIn this theory, there are 3 stages to the classical
demographic transition model.
1. Pre-Transition Stage: Characterized by high birth
rates and high fluctuating death rates.
2. Early Transition Stage: The death rate begins to
fall during the early stages of transition. The
population starts growing rapidly as the birth
rate remains high.
3. Late transition stage: low birth and death rates
with little population growth
Women and Reproductive
Right
Women and Reproductive Right
•Supporters of reproductive rights contend
that in order for population management
and economic development to succeed,
women must be in charge of when and
whether they choose to have children.
Women and Reproductive Right
• This serial correlation between fertility, family and
fortune has motivated countries with growing
economies to introduce or strengthen their
reproductive health laws, including abortion. High-
income First World nations and fast-developing
countries were able to sustain growth to
reproductive technologies.
