Chapter1 Introduction
Lesson1
REVIEW
1
Outline
1. Numbering and Coding
2. Digital Logic Circuit
3. Basic of Sequence Control
Circuit
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1. Numbering and Coding
1. ប្រព័ន្ធគោល
◦ គោលដប់(Decimal number)
◦ គោលពីរ(Binary number)
◦ គោលដប់ប្រាំមួយ(Hexa-
decimal number)
◦ គោលប្រាំបី(Octal
number)
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1. Numbering System
Decimal number
Human beings use base 10 (decimal)
arithmetic
There are 10 distinct symbols 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Example:
◦ 125
◦ 950
◦ 12.50
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1. Numbering System
Binary number
Computers use base 2 (binary) system
There are only 0 and 1
These two binary digits are commonly
◦referred to as bits
Examples:
◦100011100110
◦110111001001
◦000100100111
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1. Numbering System
Octal number
Base 8, the octal system,
is used as a convenient
representation of binary numbers
There are 8 distinct symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7
ex. It is much easier to represent a string of 0s and 1s
such as 100010010110 as its octal-decimal equivalent
of 4226
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1. Numbering System
Hexa-decimal number
Base 16, the hexadecimal system,
is used as a convenient
representation of binary numbers
There are 10 distinct symbols 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
ex. It is much easier to represent a string of 0s and
1s such as 100010010110 as its hexadecimal
equivalent of 896
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2. Conversion
Convert decimal to binary
• Divide the decimal number by 2 repeatedly
• Keep track of the remainders
• Continue this process until the quotient
becomes zero
• Write the remainders in reverse order to
obtain the binary number
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2. Conversion
Convert binary to decimal
• Know the weight of each bit in a binary
number
• Add them together to get its decimal
equivalent
• Use the concept of weight to convert a decimal
number to a binary directly
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10
11
12
13
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2. Conversion
Convert binary to hexadecimal is represent a binary
number as its equivalent hexadecimal number
Start from the right and group 4 bits at a time, replacing
each 4-bit binary number with its hex equivalent
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2. Conversion
Convert hexadecimal to binary
Each hex digit is replaced with its 4-bit binary equivalent
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17
2. Conversion
Convert decimal to hexadecimal
• Convert to binary first and then convert to hex
• Convert directly from decimal to hex by repeated
division, keeping track of the remainders
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2. Conversion
Convert hexadecimal to decimal
• Convert from hex to binary and then to decimal
• Convert directly from hex to decimal by
summing the weight of all digits
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4. Coding System
BCD Code
To BCD-encode a decimal number using the
common encoding, each decimal digit is stored
in a four-bit nibble.
Decimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9
BCD: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110
0111 1000 1001
Thus, the BCD encoding for the number 127 would
be: 0001 0010 0111
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21
4. Coding System
ASCII Code
The ASCII (pronounced “ask-E”) code assigns binary patterns
for :
• Numbers 0 to 9
• All the letters of English alphabet, uppercase and lowercase
• Many control codes and punctuation marks
The ASCII system uses 7 bits to represent each code :
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II. Digital Logic Circuit
1. សមីការ Logic
2. សៀគ្វី Logic
3. សៀគ្វី Relay
4. តារាងធាតុពិត(Truth Table)
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1. NOT gate
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2. AND gate
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3. OR gate
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4. NOT AND (NAND) gate
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28
5. NOT OR (NOR) gate
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30
6. Exclusive OR (XOR) gate
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35
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
1. Buffer Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
2. Not Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
3. AND Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
4. OR Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
5. XOR Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
6. Sequence Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
7. Inter-lock Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
7. Inter-lock Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
8. Self-holding Circuit
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III. Basic Sequential Circuit
8. Self-holding Circuit
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Thank you
