Group

2
Sources of Data and
Introduction to Statistical
Software
(JAMOVI/JASP/MINITAB/SPSS)
: Data Entry and Data
Manipulation
Objectives:
• Categorized and justify appropriate sources of data
(primary and secondary) for analysis and accurately
input a given dataset into JAMOVI, JASP, MINITAB, or
SPSS, ensuring proper variable naming, data coding,
and formatting.
• Compute and interpret measures such as mean,
median, standard deviation, and frequency
distributions.
• Evaluate the reliability, validity, and appropraiteness
of different data sources for a given research study.
• Inspect datasets for errors, inconsistencies, or missing
values and propose appropriate corrections using
statistical software.
• Assess the impact of these manipulations on data
interpretation.
 Introduction to Data & Its
Importance
• What is Data? Raw facts,
figures, and information. Can be
qualitative (categorical) or
quantitative (numerical).
• Why is Data Important?
Foundation for informed decisions,
research, and understanding. Drives
insights and supports evidence-
based conclusions.

• Data in the Digital Age:

Abundance of data presents
opportunities and challenges
for analysis.
 Sources of
Data
Primary Data

• Collected firsthand by researchers.

• Examples: Surveys, interviews,
experiments.
Secondary
Data
• Pre-existing data collected by others.
• Examples: Government reports, published
research, company records.
Choosing the Right Data
Source Primary Secondary
Criteria
Data Data
Cost Higher
Lower
Time Time-consuming
Readily available
Control Full-control
Limited control
Reliability May vary
Generally Reliable
When to Use:
• Use Primary Data when specific and current data is needed.
• Use Secondary Data for broad, historical, or comparative analysis.
Overview of Statistical
Software
Why use Statistical Software? Handles large datasets, performs complex
analyses, visualizes data, automates tasks.

JAMOVI
Open-source and user-friendly

MINITAB
Statistical quality control and analysis

JASP
Bayesian statistics and intuitive interface

SPSS
Widely used for social sciences
Structured approach to collecting and
organizing Data using Statistical
Software
1. Identify Your Research Problem & Variables

2. Choose a Data Collection Method

3. Organize Data in a Spreadsheet (Excel or CSV
Format
4. Import Data into a Statistical software

5. Data Cleaning & Preparation

6. Perform Statistical Analysis

 JAMOVI
is an open-source, user-friendly statistical software designed for data
analysis. It provides an intuitive spreadsheet-based interface similar to
Excel but with powerful statistical tools like SPSS, R, and JASP.

JOMOVI is widely used in academia, research, and education due to its

ease of use and built-in statistical functions.
Key Features of Jamovi
🔹 Graphical User Interface (GUI) – No need for coding; point-and-click
analysis.
🔹 Open Source & Free – Available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.
🔹 Built-in Statistical Functions – Supports descriptive statistics, t-
tests, ANOVA, regression, and more.
🔹 R Integration – Advanced users can extend functionality using R scripts.
🔹 Data Visualization – Generates graphs, charts, and histograms
easily.
🔹 Live Output Updates – Results change dynamically as data is
COMPUTING AND
INTERPRETING
MEASURES USING
JAMOVI SOFTWARE
• Mean • Media
• Standard • n
Frequency
Deviation Distribution
MARLON R.
Present
ABRAO
Interface
EVALUATING THE
RELIABILITY OF
DIFFERENT DATA
SOURCES FOR A
RESEARCH STUDY
MARLON R.
Present
ABRAO
 Inspect datasets for
errors, inconsistencies,
or missing values and
propose appropriate
corrections using
statistical software
ALLERAH A.
ALLERAH .A
TESADO

Why Data Quality

Matters: The
Impact of Errors
Informed Decisions
Operational Efficiency
Compliance
Entering Data: Best
Practices for
Accuracy
Plan Ahead
Design a clear and organized data structure.

Be Consistent
Maintain uniform formatting and naming
conventions.
Double Check
Implement double data entry or validation
rules.

Use Software
Features
Leverage built-in error-checking capabilities.
Data Manipulation:
Cleaning, Transforming,
and Organizing
Cleaning
Remove duplicates and irrelevant
entries.

Transforming
Convert data types or scale values.

Organizing
Sort, filter, and group data
effectively.
Histogram Scatter
s Plots Detect
Spot outliers correlations
and distribution and unusual
issues. patterns.
Identifying
Errors:
Visual
Inspection
TechniquesSummary
Box Plots Statistics
Compare Calculate basic
distributions statistics like
across groups. mean, median,
etc.
Addressing
Inconsistencies and
Missing Values
Deletion
Remove incomplete cases
(use with caution).
Imputation
Replace missing data using
statistical methods.

Transformatio
n consistent data types.
Use
 Assess the impact of
these manipulations on
data interpretation

Sheikela A.
 Data Entry Best
Practices and Common
Errors
Accuracy
Double-check all entries. Reduce
transcription errors.

Consistency
Follow a standardized format. Ensure
uniform data entry.

Validation
Implement data validation rules.
Prevent invalid data input.
Data Manipulation
Techniques: Transforming Your
Data

Cleaning
Handling missing values. Removing outliers.

Transformation
Logarithmic transformations. Standardization.

Aggregation
Summarizing data. Creating aggregate
variables.
 Impact of Data
Manipulation on
Statistical Analysis

Distribution
Changes to data
distribution. Affecting
normality assumptions.

Relationships
Altered correlations.
Impacting regression
results.
Interpretation
Potential for biased results.
Misleading conclusions.
Ensuring Data Integrity
and Responsible
Interpretation

Transparency
Clearly document data
manipulations.

Reproducibility
Ensure analyses are
repeatable.

Ethics
Avoid biased
interpretations.
 Compare the Strengths
and limitation of
JAMOVI, JASP, MINITAB,
and SPSS in handling
descriptive data analysis

Eunice Marie R.
 JAMOVI/JASP: Open
Source Simplicity vs.
Power JASP
JAMOVI
User-friendly, intuitive interface. Good for Focus on Bayesian analysis. Offers more
basic descriptive statistics. Easy to learn advanced statistical methods. Still
and use. maintains a simple design.
MINITAB: Industry
Standard for
Quality Control
Reliability
Widely used in manufacturing and
engineering. Known for its robust statistical
tools.

Quality Control
Excellent for statistical process control. Offers
a wide range of quality analysis tools.

Industry
Used for Six Sigma projects. A leading choice
for professionals in quality management.
 SPSS: The Comprehensive Research
Powerhouse

Scripting
Data Analysis Reporting
Creates Supports scripting
Handles large publication-quality for automation.
datasets. Performs reports. Offers Simplifies
complex statistical extensive repetitive tasks.
analyses. customization
options.
Descriptive Stats in
Action: Hands-on
Examples
Mean
Average value. Shows central tendency of
data.

Median
Middle value. Less sensitive to outliers.

Mode
Most frequent value. Reveals common
occurrences.

Standard Deviation
Data spread. Measures data variability.
 Summary
Software Strengths Limitations

JAMOVI/JASP Free, easy to use Limited

advanced features
MINITAB Quality control focused Expensive,
not open source
SPSS Comprehensive, versatile Costly, steep
learning curve
 Choosing Your Champion: Key
Takeaways & Future Skills

Assess Data
Define Goals

Pick Software
Analyze