Relations and Functions

MGSE8.F.1 Understand that a function is a rule that

assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a
function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input
and the corresponding output.

MGSE8.F.2 Compare properties of two functions each

represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically,
numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). For
example, given a linear function represented by a table of
values and a linear function represented by an algebraic
expression, determine which function has the greater rate
of change.

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 1

 Essential
Questions:
• What is a function?

• What are the characteristics of a function?

• How do you determine if a relation is a

function?

• How is a function different from a relation?

• Why is it important to know which variable

is the independent variable?

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 2

 Some Definitions-
 A relation between two variables x and
y is a set of ordered pairs

 An ordered pair consists of an x and y-

coordinate

A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs,
mapping design, table, equation, or written
in sentences

 x-values are input, independent

variable, domain.

 y-values are output, dependent

variable, range
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 3
 Example 1:
What makes this a
relation?

{(0,  5), (1,  4), (2,  3), ( 3,  2), (4,  1), (5, 0)}

What is the domain?

•

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 4
Example 2 –
Is this a relation?

Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

Output –2 7

•What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?

{-2, 7}
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 5
Is a relation a function?

What is a function?
According to a textbook, “a
function is…a relation in
which every input has
exactly one output”

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions

6
 Is a relation a function?
• Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation

If the set of ordered pairs has different x-

coordinates,

it IS A function
If the set of ordered pairs has same x-coordinates,
it is NOT a function

•
Y-coordinates have no bearing in
determining functions
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 7
 Example 3
{(0,  5), (1,  4), (2,  3), ( 3,  2), (4,  1), (5, 0)}

• Is this a relation?
YES
• Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-

coordinates
YES
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 8
 Example 4
{(–1,  7), (1, 0), (2,  3), (0,  8), (0, 5), (–2,  1)}
• Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

NO
• Is this still a relation?

YES
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 9
Example 5
Which relation mapping represents a
function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0

Choice 1
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions
10
 Example 6
Which relation mapping represents a function

A. B.

B
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 11
 Vertical Line Test
• Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function
if a vertical line drawn through its graph,
passes through only one point.

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to right
(–x to x); if it crosses more than one point,
it is not a function

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 12

Vertical Line Test

Would
this graph
be a
function?
YES
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 13
Vertical Line Test

Would
this graph
be a
function?
NO
Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 14
Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?
Discrete



-7, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10



1, 0, -7, 5, 2, 8

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 15

Is the following function
discrete or continuous?
What is the Domain? What
is the Range?

continuous

  8,8
 


  6,6
 

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 16

Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?

continuous

 0,45
 


 10,70
 

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 17

Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?
discrete

 -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7
 

 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 18

 Example 7
Which situation represents a function?

a. The items in a store to their prices

on a certain date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each A fruit, such as an apple, from
different item on a certain date. the domain would be associated
The relation from items to price with more than one color, such
makes it a function. as red and green. The relation
from types of fruits to their
colors is not a function.

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 19

 Domain and Range in Real
Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.

What is the independent variable?

The # of pairs of shoes.

What is the dependent variable?

The total # of shoes.

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 20

 Domain and Range in Real
Mr.Life
Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four
hours to get there. The distance he travels at any time,
t, is represented by the function d = 55t (his average
speed is 55mph.

What is the independent variable?

The time that he drives.

What is the dependent variable?

The total distance traveled.

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 21

 Domain and Range in Real
Life
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him
and his friends. The cost of each ticket was $12.50.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain
and range.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12.5 25.0 37.5
50 62.5 75 87.5 100 112.5 12
0 0 0 0
0 0 5
What is the independent variable?
The number of tickets bought.
What is the dependent variable?
The total cost of the tickets.

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 22

 Domain and Range in Real
Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no
toppings. They charge an additional $1.50 for each of
their 5 specialty toppings (tax is included in the price).

What is the independent variable?

The number of toppings

What is the dependent variable?

The cost of the pizza

Unit 4 - Relations and Functions 23

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