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On Central Forces 1

The document discusses central and non-central forces, outlining the four fundamental types of forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. A central force is defined as one that is directed towards or away from a fixed center and depends on the distance between two bodies, while non-central forces depend on additional parameters like spin and orientation. Examples of central forces include gravitational and electrostatic forces, whereas weak and strong nuclear forces are categorized as non-central forces.

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87 views7 pages

On Central Forces 1

The document discusses central and non-central forces, outlining the four fundamental types of forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. A central force is defined as one that is directed towards or away from a fixed center and depends on the distance between two bodies, while non-central forces depend on additional parameters like spin and orientation. Examples of central forces include gravitational and electrostatic forces, whereas weak and strong nuclear forces are categorized as non-central forces.

Uploaded by

shibeingshe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Central forces

PRESENTED BY
P R O F. D . M . PA R S H U R A M K A R
D E P T. O F P H Y S I C S
N. H . C O L L E G E , B R A M H A P U R I
Introduction :-
Newton formulates his three law’s of
motion which gave qualitative and quantitative
measures of forces. Different types of forces
actually arise in nature. Basically there are four
fundamental types of forces depending upon the
interaction of matter. There are following forces,
1) Gravitational force due to gravitational
interaction
2) Electromagnetic force due to Electromagnetic
interaction
3) Strong nuclear interaction
4) Weak nuclear interaction
The latter two forces are the short range
forces.
Gravitational force and electrostatic
force are a long range forces and
interaction is weakest.
All the moving bodies in the universe of a
central force .
Gravitational force is conservative force
and is an example of central force.
Central force:-

 A central force is that force which is always


directed away or towards a fixed center and
magnitude of which is a function of distance ‘r’
from the center taken as origin.

 A central force between two particles is one


which is directed along the line joining the two
particle and whose magnitude is a function of the
distances r between them.
 In spherical polar coordinates the central force
is given by ,
f(r)= f(r) r
Characteristic of central force

 The magnitude of the central force between the two bodies


depends only on the distance between the center of two bodies.
 It acts along the line joining the center of two bodies.
 A central force is conservative force.
It is a gradient of some scalar potential U
F = -grad U
 Angular momentum P is conservative.

Ex . Familiar example of the central force are ,


Gravitational force of attraction between two masses.
F12 = -G m1m2 r = F(r) r
Electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between
two charges.
F12 = r = F(r) r
2) Non- central force
A non-central force is that force that force which does
not simply depend upon the distance between the centre
of the two interacting bodies but also on the other
parameter such as their spin & relative orientation.
Characteristic of Non- central force
1) Non-central forces are short range forces.
i.e. these forces are effective only when the
interaction bodies are very close to each other.
2) Non–central force do not necessarily acts the line
joining the centers of the two bodies.
3) Non-central forces are not expressed as gradient of
some scalar function.
Example,
1. Weak forces in β- decay are non-central
2. Strong nuclear force between proton-proton
interaction are not central.
THANK YOU

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