LESSON 2
PHYSICAL
STATES OF
MATTER
Matter
anything that takes up space and
can be weighed. In other words,
matter has volume and mass.
Solid, liquid or gas?
Sort the following substances under the three states of
matter.
SOLID LIQUID GAS
States of Matter and Examples
SOLID LIQUID GAS
States of Matter: Solid
Particle Properties
Arrangement and
• Rigid
Behavior
• Tightly packed • Fixed shape
• Arranged in a • Fixed volume
specific pattern • Cannot be
• Vibrate in compressed
position • Cannot flow
States of Matter: Liquid
Particle
Arrangement and Properties
Behavior
• Close together but • Not rigid
has no regular • No fixed shape
pattern • Fixed volume
• Have little free • Can be slightly
space between compressed
them • Can flow
• Slide and roll past
one another
States of Matter: Gas
Particle
Arrangement and Properties
Behavior
• Widely spaced • Not rigid
• Travel in straight lines • No fixed shape
until they bounce off • No fixed volume
another particle or a • Can be
surface compressed
• Move around quickly • Can flow
States of Matter:
Plasma
Particle
Arrangement and Properties
• SpreadBehavior
out and move • Not rigid
freely • No fixed shape
• Extremely fast and • No fixed volume
energetic • Can be
• Emits light and heat due to compressed
constant movement and • Can flow
collisions of charged
A. MICROSCOPIC VIEW
refers to how matter behaves at the particle
level — something we cannot see with the
naked eye. It involves understanding how
atoms and molecules are arranged, how they
move, and how they interact in different
states of matter.
EXAMPLES OF MICROSCOPIC
VIEW:
SOLID: PARTICLES ARE CLOSELY PACKED AND VIBRATE IN FIXED
POSITIONS.
LIQUID: PARTICLES ARE CLOSE TOGETHER BUT CAN SLIDE PAST
EACH OTHER.
GAS: PARTICLES ARE FAR APART AND MOVE RANDOMLY AND
RAPIDLY.
PLASMA: PARTICLES ARE HIGHLY ENERGETIC, AND ATOMS ARE
IONIZED (ELECTRONS ARE SEPARATED FROM NUCLEI).
B. MACROSCOPIC VIEW
refers to how matter appears and behaves at
a scale we can see or observe directly —
without needing a microscope. It deals with
the physical properties like shape, volume,
texture, and how a substance responds to
forces like heat or pressure.
EXAMPLES OF MACROSCOPIC
VIEW:
• SOLID: HAS A DEFINITE SHAPE AND VOLUME. (E.G., A
ROCK STAYS THE SAME SHAPE.)
• Liquid: Has a definite volume but no definite shape; it
takes the shape of its container. (e.g., water in a glass.)
• Gas: Has no definite shape or volume; it fills the entire
container. (e.g., air in a balloon.)
• Plasma: Like a gas but made of charged particles, seen
in lightning or neon signs.
LESSON 3
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
is a characteristic that Are very important
can be ovserved and because these help
measured without chemists in identifying
changing the identity substances.
and composition of the For example, a clear,
substance. colorless liquid
observed to boil at 100
degree celxius and
freeze at O degree
celcius would definitely
SUBSTANCE STATE
the real physical refers to the distinct
matter of which a forms that matter can
person or thing take, typically
consists and which categorized as solid,
has a tangible, solid liquid, and gas
presence.
BOILING MELTING POINT
POINT
the temperature at
which a solid substance
the temperature
transitions into a liquid
where the liquid-gas
state, at a standard
phase change occurs.
pressure
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
refers to the ability of a It describes how a
substance to undergo substance
changes to transform reacts with another
into a different substance. An example of
substance. a chemical property is the
ability of iron to form rust
by combining with oxygen
in air.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
or chemical reaction occurs. In a chemical change, one or
more
substances are converted into different substances.
The substances that are formed are called PRODUCTS.
INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
do not depend on the depend on the amount
amount of matter of matter present.
present. Example: the Example: mass, volume,
color, odor and density. and the amount of
energy in a substance.
QUIZ TIME
Guess the
State
Kris found a mystery
substance with the following
properties:
It follows
the shape
It flows.
of its
container.
It can be
It has a slightly
fixed compress Draw the arrangement of
volume. ed. the molecules Kris found
here.
Guess the
State
ANSWER KEY
Kris found a LIQUID
substance!
It follows
the shape
It flows.
of its
container.
It can be
It has a slightly
fixed compress
volume. ed.
A RECAP
SOLID LIQUID GASES
Particles are tightly Particles are not Particles are widely
packed and arranged in a spaced and fill the
arranged in a regular pattern but space they are in.
regular structure. have little space They move around
They also vibrate in between them. quickly.
position. They slide and roll
Examples: Examples:
past one another.
book and lunchbox Examples: wind and steam
water and juice
Think About
This!
You might have observed your
parent or carer heating water on
a kettle.
What do you think is happening
to the particles in a liquid as it
becomes hotter?
