ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Group 2
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Preproduction- process of producing
off spring
• Genitals External sex organs
• Primary sex characteristics - sex
characteristics that are present at
birth
• Secondary sex characteristics- sex
characteristics that emerged during
puberty
INTRODUCTION
Humans experience various physical and
emotional changes from childhood to
adulthood. These changes are gradual and
progress at different ages and speed in
different people. These stage are based on
human growth and development from
childhood, adolescent, adulthood and old
age.
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
Anatomy the study of the structure in
relation of body parts. The female sexual
anatomy is designed for the production and
fertilization of ovum as well as carrying and
delivering infant offspring. Puberty signals
the final development of primary and
accessory organs that support reproduction.
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
The female external genitalia consists of the
following:
• Vulva- all the external genital structure
taken together
• Mons veneris- pads of fatty tissue
between public bone and skin.
• Labia majora- outer lips surrounding all
the other structures.
• Clitoris- glans (head), shaft and crura
root, the clitoris is particularly sensitive
to stimulation.
• Vaginal opening - also called introitus.
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
• The Prepuce- clitoris hood (foreskin
above and covering clitoris)
• Vestibule- area surrounding the urethral
opening and vagina, which is highly
sensitive with extensive blood vessels
and nerve endings.
• Urethral opening - end of tube
connecting to bladder and used for
urination.
• Perineum- area of skin separating the
genitalia from the anus distance is less in
females than males.
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
PUBERTY
Puberty is the process of physical
maturation where an adolescent reaches
sexual maturity and becomes capable of
reproduction. On average, puberty typically
begins between 8 and 13 in females and 9
and 14 in males.
PUBERTY
MENSTRUAL PHASE
The menstrual phase is the first stage of the
menstrual cycle. It's also when you get your
period. This phase starts when an egg from
the previous cycle isn't fertilized. Because
pregnancy hasn't taken place, levels of the
hormones estrogen and progesterone drop.
MENSTRUAL
PHASE
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
The proliferative phase lasts for half of a
woman's cycle (usually 14-18 days in most
women). In the proliferative phase, the
lining of the uterus proliferates to form a
new layer of endometrial tissue in the
uterus. Proliferation means the cells are
multiplying and spreading to build new
tissue.
PROLIFERATIVE
PHASE
SECRETORY PHASE
the second half of the menstrual cycle after
ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes
progesterone which prepares the
endometrium for the implantation of an
embryo; if fertilization does not occur then
menstrual flow begins. synonyms: luteal
phase.
FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARATERISTICS
• Widening of hips and pelvis -
accommodates giving birth but also
results in downward shift in center of
gravity.
• Enlargement of breast- both glandular
and fatty tissues of the breasts develop
considerably.
FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARATERISTICS
More female characteristics
• Generally shorter than men.
• Greater proportion of body weight
composed of fat than men.
• Two X chromosome reduces expression
of many sex-linked conditions and
• Lower mortality rate at every age and
longer projected lifespan than man.
BREAST OF
FEMALE
BIOLOGICAL MALE
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism
that produces the gamete (sex cell) known
as sperm, which fuses with the larger female
gamete, or ovum, in the process of
fertilizations.
BIOLOGICAL MALE
BIOLOGICAL MALE
BIOLOGICAL MALE
More male characteristics
• Generally taller and greater proportion of
body weight composed of water.
• Proportionately larger heart and lungs,
presumably to handle greater blood fluid
volume.
• Exposure to greater level of testosterone
resulting in heavier body and facial hair
but also increased frequency and degree
of baldness and
• Single X chromosome resulting in sex-
linked conditions such as color blindness
and hemophilia.
MALE HORMONES
The major sex hormone in men is
testosterone, which is produced mainly in
the testes. The testes are controlled by a
small gland in the brain called the pituitary
gland, which in turn is controlled by an area
of the brain called the hypothalamus.
Androgens are crucial for male sexual and
reproductive function.
MALE SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS THAT EMERGE AFTER
PUBERTY
• No monthly cycle
• Elongation of vocal cords (lower
voice)
• Broader shoulder; and
• Deeper chest cavity.
SUMMARY
Humans experience various physical
changes from childhood to adulthood. The
adolescent stage is characterized by
dynamic changes in physical and behavioral
traits. Despite differences in physical
appearance, the sexual organs of men and
women arise from the same structures and
fulfill similar functions.
THANK YOU
TO SEE THIS PRESENTATION
QUIZ
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
What is the difference
between an uncircumcised
and a circumcised penis? Is
it necessary to undergo
circumcision in males? Why
or why not
LIST THE 4 MALE SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS THAT EMERGE AFTER
PUBERTY
