IT AND SOCIETY
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
CAT 2
QUIZ:WHAT ARE ETHICAL CONCERNS RELATED
TO PRIVACY, DATA SECURITY, AND
SURVEILLACE IN TODAY’S ETHICAL DIGITAL
WORLD
GROUP 6 MEMMBERS
• CHERUIYOT EMMANUEL -H132/G/11986/24
• MUSEMBI MOORE MUKHOVI -H132/G/11985/24
• JOICE AUMA OLUOCH -H132/G/13531/24
• VIONA AUMA OBUNGA -H132/G/13530/24
• KIPRUTO ROYLINE -H132/G/12002/24
• IVONE ANYANGO -H132/G/12065/24
• ORIKO NAPHTALI -H132/G/12047/24
• SHERIL AWINO AJWALA - H132/G/12050/24
• YVONNE ONYANGO -H132/G/12029/24
• LYDIA SIDI KENGA -H132/G/11964/24
• OTIENO OSCAR OCHIENG -H132/G/12094/24
Ethical Concerns in Privacy, Data Security,
and Surveillance
A Discussion on Challenges and Ethical
Implications
April 2, 2025
Introduction
• As technology advances, our personal data is
collected, stored, and analyzed more than ever
before. While this brings many benefits, it also
raises concerns about privacy, security, and
surveillance.
• This presentation explores these challenges,
providing real-world examples and discussing
ways to balance security and personal
freedom.
Privacy Concerns
• • Companies and governments collect data without
full user consent.
• • Online tracking and targeted ads raise ethical
questions.
• • Social media and smart devices gather extensive
personal data.
• • Lack of transparency about how data is used and
shared.
• • Example: Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal,
where data was used to influence elections.
(Cadwalladr, The Guardian, 2018)
Data Security Issues
• Cyberattacks put personal, financial, and health data
at risk.
• Weak security measures lead to massive data
breaches.
• Many users reuse passwords, making them
vulnerable.
• Ransomware and phishing attacks are on the rise.
• Example: The Equifax breach of 2017 exposed
sensitive data of 147 million people. (FTC Report,
2019)
Surveillance and Ethics
• • Government surveillance is meant for security but
can violate privacy.
• • AI and facial recognition are widely used in public
spaces.
• • Surveillance can be misused for political control or
discrimination.
• • Many people are unaware of how much they are
being monitored.
• • Example: China's Social Credit System tracks
citizens’ behavior and affects their daily lives.
(Mozur, NY Times, 2018)
Finding a Balance
• • Stronger privacy laws can help protect personal
data.
• • Companies should be transparent about how they
use data.
• • People should be educated about online security.
• • Ethical AI and responsible data collection can
reduce risks.
• • Example: The GDPR in Europe gives people more
control over their data. (European Union Regulation,
2016)
Conclusion
• As technology continues to evolve, privacy and
security concerns will only grow.
• It is important for governments, businesses, and
individuals to work together to ensure ethical data
practices that protect privacy while maintaining
security.
References
• - Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism
(2019)
• - Kolah, Ardi. The GDPR Handbook (2018)
• - Singer, P.W., & Friedman, Allan. Cybersecurity and
Cyberwar (2014)
• - Schneier, Bruce. Data and Goliath (2015)
• - Snowden, Edward. Permanent Record (2019)
• - Russell, Stuart, & Norvig, Peter. Artificial Intelligence: A
Modern Approach (2020)
• - Greenwald, Glenn. No Place to Hide (2014)