Meristematic tissues(Meristem)

Nature:- Cells of meristems divide continuosly and help in

increasing the lenghth and girth of the [Link] cells shows
the following characteristics.

1. The cells of meristematic tissue are similar in structure and

have thin cellulose cell walls.
2. The meristematic cells may be spherical, oval,polygonal or
rectangular in shape.
3. The meristematic cells are compactly arranged and do not
contain any intercellular space between them.
4. Each meristematic cells contain dense or abudunt
cytoplasm and a single large nucleus.
5. The meristematic cells contain few vacuoles or no vacuoles
at all.
Meristematic tissue
Occurrence: Meristematic tissues are growth tissues and
are found in the growing regions of the plant. According
to their positions in the plant ,meristematic tissues are
Apical, Lateral, and Intercallary.
1. Apical meristem: These are situated at the grwoing
tip of stem and roots, i,e., at shoot apex and root apex.
Apical meristem are also found at apices of leaves.
Function of apical meristem: It brings about the
elongation of the root and stem. It results in an
increase in the height of the plant, which is called
primary growth.

[Link] meristem: These are found beneath the bark

and in vasculsar bundles of dicot roots and stem.
They occur in thin layers. Cambium is the region
which is responsible for growth in thickness.
`
Function of lateral meristem: It causes the
organ to increase in diameter and girth. This
is called secondary growth.
For example, cork cambium or phellogen
produces a protective cork on the outside
and secondary cortex tissue inside.
[Link] meristem: They are located at
the base of leaves or internode, e.g., stem of
grasses and other monocots. Such tissues
also occur below the nodes.
Function of Intercalary meristem: It
produces an increase in the length of an
organ such as leaves and internodes.
Functions.
1. Meristematic tissues acts as a
parent tissue from which other
tissues develop.
2. These tissues take part in growth by
formation of new cells
3. With the help of meristem, plants
continue to produce new leaves,
branches of stem and root, flowers,
fruits and root hair.
4. The place of injury in plants is
healed up by the formation of new
Permanent tissues
Different types of tissues
are formed due to differences
in their specialization.
Permanent tissues may be
simple or complex. Their cells
may be living or dead, thin
walled or thick
walled .Thickening may be
Parenchyma tissue
Nature:-
 Parenchyma cells are living
and possess the power of
division.
 The cells are rounded or
isodiametric,ie equally
expanded on all sides.
 The parenchymatous cells are
oval,round,polygonal
elongated in shape.
 The cell wall is thin and
encloses a dense cytoplasm
which contain a small nucleus
and surrounds a large central
vacuole.
 Inter cellular space is
abudant.( losely packed cells).
Occurrence:-
The parenchyma is widely
distributed in plant bodies such
as stem,roots,leaves,flowers
and fruits. Thus parenchyma
tissue is found in the soft parts
of the plants such as cortex of
roots, ground tissues in stems
and mesophyll of leaves.
Functions of parenchyma
 The main function of parenchyma is to store and
assimilate the food. Parenchyma serves as a food
storage tissue.
 Transport of materials occurs through cells or cell
walls of parenchyma cells.
 Parenchyma cells are metabolically active, their
intercellular air spaces allow gaseous exchange.
 If chloroplast is present the parenchyma tissue is
called Chlorenchyma and it performs
photosynthesis.( ex- the mesophyll of leaves).
 In aquatic plants such as water hyacinth,Hydrilla
large cavities are present in parenchyma to give
buoyancy to the plants. Such a type of parenchyma is
called Aerenchyma.
COLLENCHYMA
Nature:
 Collenchyma tissue also
consist of living cells.
 It shows many features of
parenchyma, but is
characterized by the
deposition of extra cellulose
at the corners of the cells.
 In collenchyma,
intercellular spaces are
generally absent.
Collenchyma cells are
elongated in shape.
 They often contain a few
chloroplasts.
Occurance:
The cells of collenchyma are located below the
epidermis of dicotyledon stem and petiole (leaf
stalk).
These cells also occur in the midribs of dicot
leaves.
Collenchyma is absent in monocot stem, roots
and leaves.
Functions:

1) It provides mechanical support and elasticity

(flexibility) to plants.
2) It also allows easy bending in various parts of
SCLERENCHYMA
Nature:
 The cells of sclerenchyma
tissue are dead.
 The cells are long and
narrow in appearance.
 Cell walls are thickened
due to lignin ( a chemical
substance) deposition,
which acts as cement and
hardens them.
 Due to the presence of
think walls, there is no
internal space between
the cells.
Occurance:
This type of tissue is present in stem, arround
vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves and in
the hard covering of seeds and nuts.

Functions
1) It is known to be the chief mechanical tissue,
which makes plant hard and stiff, e.g., husk
of coconut is made up of sclerenchymatous
tissue.
2) It forms protective covering around seeds
and nuts.
3) It gives rigidity, flexibility and elasticity to
the plant body.
 Differences between parenchyma and
Collenchyma
Parenchyma Collenchyma
 The tissues consists of  The tissue consists of cells
thin –walled living cells. having thickening in their
 It is distributed in cell walls.
 It occurs mostly in the
almost all the parts of
the plant body. aerial parts of the plants
and is restricted to the
 The living cells of the
other layers.
parenchyma assimilate  Collenchyma is the chief
and store [Link] also
mechanical tissue in parts
store waste products. of a young plant
particularly in the young
dicotyledonous stems.
Differences between Collenchyma and
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
 It consists of living  It consists of dead cells.
cells.  Its cells are empty.
 Its cells contain  Its cell walls are
cytoplasm. lignified.
 Its cell walls are  Cell wall thickening is
cellulosic . uniform.
 The thickening of cell  It is chiefly mechanical
wall is not uniform. tissue.
 It provides mechanical
support and elasticity to
the plant body.
 Study of Stem tissue
Protective tissue:
Protective tissues
include epidermis and
cork.
[Link]:- The
epidermis ([Link]-
upon,derma-skin) is
usally present in the
outermost layer of
the plant body such
as
leaves,flowers,stem
and roots.
 Epidermis
Epidermis is on cell thick and is covered with cuticle.
Cuticle is a water proof layer of a waxy substance
called cutin which is secreted by epidermal cells.
Cells of epidermis are elongated and flattened and
do not contain any intercellular space between them.
Their inner contents are similar to parenchyma cells
they are living cells.
FUNCTION;- Protect the plant from desiccation
and [Link] fact cuticle of epidermis helps
to reduce water loss by evaporation from the
plant surface and also helps in preventing the
entry of pathogen
( bacteria and fungi).
 Cork
 As plant grow older the outer protective layer (Epidermis)
undergoes certain changes. A strip of secondary meristem
called Phellogen or cork cambium replaces epidermis of stem.

 Cork cambium is simple tissue having only one type of cells.

The cells of cork cambium are rectangular and their
protoplasts are vacuolated and contain chloroplasts.

 Cork cambium gives off new cells on its both sides, thus
forming cork on the outer side ultimately becomes several
layered thick cork (bark) of trees.

 The cells of cork are dead and compactly arranged without

intercellular spaces.

 Cork cells are heavily thickened with an organic substance ( a

fatty substance),called Suberin deposits Suberin makes these
cells impermeable to water and gases.
Function of Cork:-
Cork cells prevent desiccation ( loss of water
from plant body),infection and mechanical injury.
Cork is light and does not catch fire easily .Due
to these properties,cork is used as insulators,
and sports goods ( in making of shuttle
cocks,cricket balls,wooden paddles of table
tennis etc).

Note:- Cork and bark are not the same

[Link] cork includes outer products
of cork cambium,the bark includes the outer
products of cambium such as secondary
phloem and also cork cambium and cork.
 Stomata
Epidermis of a leaf is not continuous at some
places due to the presence of small pores,
called Stomata.
Each stoma is bounded by a pair of
specialized epidermal cells or two kidney-
shaped cells called Guard –cells.
Guard cells are the only epidermal cells
which contain chloroplasts, the rest being
colourless.
The stoma allows gaseous exchange to occur
during photosynthesis and respiration.
 Complex permanent tissue
The complex tissue consists of more than one type
of cells having a common origin.
All these cells coordinate to perform a common
function. Complex tissue transport water, mineral
salts (nutrients) and food material to various parts
of plant body. Complex tissues are of following two
types :
[Link] or wood
[Link] or bast
• Xylem and Phloem are both conducting tissues and
also known as Vascular tissues; together both of
them constitute Vascular bundles.
 Xylem

Nature :
 Xylem (Gr. Xylos= wood) is a vascular and
mechanical tissue. In other words, it is a
conducting tissue.
 Xylem is composed (called elements) of four
different types:
1. Tracheids
2. Vessels or tracheae
3. Xylem parenchyma
4. Xylem sclerenchyma or fibre
 Except xylem parenchyma, all other xylem
elements are dead and bounded by thick lignified
[Link] these four types of cells of xylem, most
important cells are vessels.
 Vessels are shorter and wider than tracheids.
Vessels are very long tube –like structures
formed by a row of cells placed end to end.
 The transverse walls between the vessel
elements are partially or completely dissolved
to form continuous channels or water-pipes.
 Tracheids are elongated cells with tapering
cells. They also conduct water. Since
tracheids do not have open ends like the
vessels, so that water has pass form cell to
cell via the pits.
 Xylem parenchyma stores food and helps in
lateral conduction of water.
Functions :
1. The main function of xylem is to
carry water and mineral salts
upward from the root to different
parts of shoots.
2. Since walls of tracheids, vessels
and sclerenchyma of xylem are
lignified, they give mechanical
strength to the plant body
 Phloem
Nature :
 Like xylem, phloem (Gr, phloos = bark)
contains tubes but performs no mechanical
function.
 Phloem is composed of following four
elements or cells.
1. Sieve tubes
2. Companion cells
3. Phloem parenchyma
4. phloem fibres
 Except for phloem fibres, phloem cells are
living cells.
 Sieve tubes :
1. Sieve tubes are slender, tube-like structures
composed of elongated thin-walled cells, placed
end to end. Their end walls are perforated by
numerous pores and are called Sieve plates.
Walls of sieve tubes are perforated.
2. The nucleus of each sieve cell degenerates at
maturity, however, cytoplasm persists in the
mature cell. Thus, nuclei are absent in mature
seive tube elements.
3. The cytoplasm of one sieve tube element is
continuous with those of other sieve elements
above and below due to cytoplasmic
connections passing through the pores of the
sieve plate.
 Companion cells :
Generally associated with the sieve tube is
small thin-walled cell containing dense and very
active cytoplasm and large elongated nucleus. It is
called a companion cell and it is connected to the
sieve tube with numerous plasmodesmata.
Phloem parenchyma :
These are thin-walled, living cells of
parenchyma of phloem. They have two functions,
storage and slow lateral conduction of food.
Phloem fibre or bast fibres :
These are thick-walled, elongated spindle-
shaped dead cells which possess narrow lumen. They
provide mechanical strength to the tissue. Bast fibres
obtained from some plants such as jute, hemp, flax
has commercial or economic value.
 Function :
Phloem transports
( conducts ) photosynthentically
prepared food materials from the
leaves to the storage organs and
later from storage organs to the
growing regions of the plant body.
 Differences between Xylem and phloem
Xylem Phloem
1. It conducts water and 1. It conducts organic solutes or
minerals. food materials.
2. Conduction is mostly 2. In it conduction may be
bidirectional, i.e., from leaves
unidirectional i.e., from
to storage organs or growing
roots to apical parts of the parts or from storage organs to
plant. growing parts of the plants
3. Conducting channels or 3. Conducting channels are sieve
tracheary elements are tubes.
tracheids and vessels. 4. Components of phloem include
4. Components of xylem sieve tubes, companion cells,
phloem parenchyma and
include tracheids, vessels,
phloem fibres.
xylem parenchyma and
5. Three of four elements are
xylem fibres. living (i.e., sieve tubes,
5. Three of the four elements companion cells and phloem
of xylem are dead (i.e., parenchyma) only phloem
tracheids, vessels and fibres are dead.
fibres). Only xylem 6. Phloem performs no
parenchyma is living. mechanical function for the
 Animal Tissues
On the basis of the functions
they perform in the body of
multicellular animals,the animal
tissues are classified as.
1. Epithelial tissues
2. Muscle or muscular tissue
3. Connective tissue
4. Nervous tissue
 Epithelial tissue( Epithelium)
I. Epithelial tissue is the simplest [Link] is
protective tissue of the animal body ( as
epidermis of plants).
II. The cells of this tissue are tightly packed and
they form a continuous sheet.
III. The skin and lining of buccal cavity,blood vessels
alveoli( of lungs),and kidney tubules are made of
epithelial cells.
IV. Depending upon the shape and function of the
epithelial tissues are classifies as follows.
[Link] epithelium.
[Link] epithelium.
[Link] epithelium.
[Link] epithelium.
Functions of Epithelial tissue
The cells of the body surface form the
outer layer of [Link] cells protect the
underlying cells from drying,injury and
chemical effects.
Epithelial tissues help in the absorption
of water and nutrients
Epithelial tissues help in elimination of
waste products.
Some epithelial tissues perform secretory
function. They secrete a variety of
substances such as sweat, saliva(mucus)
etc.
 Squamous epithelial tissue
Nature :
Squamous
epithelium is made
up of thin, flat,
irregular-shaped cells
which fit together like
floor tiles to form a
compact tissue.
Squamous epithelium
is also known as
tesselated and
pavement epithelium.
 Occurrence :
It forms the delicate lining of
cavities (mouth, oesophagus, nose,
pericardium, alveoli, etc.) and of blood
vessels and covering of the tongue
and skin.
Function :
This epithelium protects the
underlying parts of body from
mechanical injury, entry of germs
chemicals and drying. It also forms a
selectively permeable surface through
which filtration occurs.
 Cuboidal Epithelium

Nature :
It contains
of cube-like
(cubical) cells
which are
square in
section but the
free surface
 Occurrence:
The cuboidal epithelium is
found in kidney tubules, thyroid
vesicles and in glands (e.g.,
salivary glands, sweat glands and
exocrine pancreas). It forms
germinal epithelium of gonads
(testes and ovaries).
Functions :
It helps in absorption,
excretion and secretion. It also
 Columnar Epithelium
Nature :
 The columnar
epithelium consists
of cells which are
taller than broader
(i.e., pillar-like).
 The nuclei are
towards the base and
sometimes the free
ends of cells have a
brush border
containing microvilli.
 Occurrence :
 It forms the lining of stomach, small
intestine and colon, forming mucous
membrane.
 It also forms lining of gall bladder
and oviducts and facilitates
movement across the cells.
Functions :
Its main functions include
absorption ( e,g., stomach, intestine )
and secretion.
 Differences between squamous
epithelium and columnar epithelium
Squamous
Columnar epithelium
epithelium 1. The component cells
1. The component cells
are thin and flat. are pillar-like.
2. The nucleus located
2. The nucleus lies in
near the base of the
the centre of the cell
cell.
which generally
bulged out. 3. It occurs with the
layers of stomach and
3. This tissue occurs in
intestine, their glands
lung alveoli, blood and the covering of
capillaries, epiglottis.
Bowman`s capsule,
4. It takes part in
buccal cavity, skin,
absorption, secretion
etc.
and protective
4. It functions as a covering.
 Glandular Epithelium
The columnar epithelium
is often modified to form
glands which secrete
chemicals.
 Ciliated Epithelium
Nature :
Certain
cuboidal or columnar
cells have a free
border which bear
thread-like
cytoplasmic
outgrowths, called
cilia. Such cells form
the ciliated
epithelium.
 Occurrence :
Ciliated cuboidal
epithelium is found in the sperm
ducts. The ciliated columnar
epithelium lines the trachea
(wind–pipe), bronchi (lungs),
kidney tubules and oviducts
(Fallopian tubes)
Functions :
The rhythmic, concerted
beating of the cilia moves solid
 Muscular tissues (muscle tissues)
1. The muscle tissues or
muscles of the body form
the contractile tissue and
are made of muscles
cells. Muscle cells are
elongated and large sized
so they are called muscle
fibres.
2. Muscle cells are
typically arranged in
parallel arrangement
allowing them to work
together effectively.
3. On the bases of their
location, structure and
function there are
following three types of
Striated Muscle
 Striated Muscles
Nature:
1. Striated muscles are also known as striped, skeletal or
voluntary muscles.
2. Since the entire muscle fibres show alternate dark and
light stripes(striation or bands),they are called stripped
muscles.
3. Since they are attached to the bones and are responsible
for body movements,they are called Skeletal muscles.
4. Since these muscles work according to our will,they are
also called Voluntary muscles.
5. The striated muscles are cells are long, elongated ,non-
tapering,cylindrical and unbranched.
6. Each muscle cell is enclosed in a thin but distinct plasma
membrane, called Sarcolemma.
7. Each muscle cell is multinucleated.
Occurrence:- Striated muscles occur in the muscles of limbs
( Biceps and triceps of arms),body wall,face,neck
etc..Striated muscles are also present in
tongue,pharynx,diaphragm and upper part of oesophagus
are called Visceral striated muscles.
 Functions
Striated muscles are powerful
and undergo rapid
[Link] muscles can
get tired and may need rest.
Striated muscles provide the
force for locomotion and all
other voluntary movements of
the body.
 Smooth Muscles
1. Smooth muscles are also known as
unstriated,visceral or involuntary muscles.
Smooth muscles occur as bundles or sheets
of elongated fusiform or spindle –
shaped(pointed at both ends) cells.
2. They are held together by loose connective
tissue. Each muscle cell is enclosed in a
plasma membrane.
3. There is a single centrally located cigar-
shaped nucleus in the centre of the
cytoplasm or sarcoplasm.
4. These fibres do not bear any bands,striipes
or striations aross the muscle hence, called
 Functions
Smooth muscles do not work (contract)
according to our will,so they are also called
involuntary [Link] of food in the
alimenttary canal,opening and closing of
tubes are involuntary movements.
Smooth muscle contracts slowly but can
remain contracted for long periods of time.
Due to this fact smooth muscles cause the
characteristic peristaltic movements.
In someorgans ,smooth muscles contract
throughout the organ to produce extrusive
movements as in the urinary bladder,the
gall bladder and the uterus.
 Cardiac Muscles
1. Cardiac muscles show characteristics of
both smooth and striated muscles.
2. Cardiac muscles are composed of
brached fibres and the branches join to
form a [Link] fibre or cell is
surrounded by Sarcolemma, a cytoplasm
(sarcoplasm) with longitudinal myofibrils
and a centrally located nucleus.
3. The intercellular spaces of cardiac
muscles are filled with abundant loose
connective tissue supplied with blood
capillaries.
Occurrence:- The cardiac muscles
occur in the heart(ie,in the walls of
heart.)
 Functions
Cardiac muscles contract and
relax rapidly, rhythmically and
tirelessly throughout a life time.
They contract endlessly from
early embryonic stage until
death.
The contraction and relaxation
of the heart muscles help to
pump and distribute blood to
Connective tissue
 Connective tissue
The connective tissue is specialized to connect
and anchor various body organs.

The tissues can connect bones to each

other,muscles to bones,bind tissues and can
also give support to various parts of body by
creating a packing around organs.

The packing would prevent the organs from

getting displaced by body [Link]
main functions of connective tissue are
binding ,supporting and packing together
Areolar or Loose connective tissue
As the name suggests, this tissue is a loose
and cellular connective tissue.
Its matrix consists of two kinds of fibres
i)White collagen fibres and ii).Yellow elastic
fibres or elastin.
Also scattered in matrix are several kinds
of irregular cells.

OCCURRENCE
It is the simplest and most widely
distributed connective tissue. It joins skin to
muscles ,fills space inside organs and is found
around muscles, blood vessels and nerves.
 Functions
It helps in repair of tissues after
an injury.
It also helps in combating foreign
toxins.
It fixes skin to underlying
muscles.
It acts as a supporting and
packing tissue between organs
lying in the body cavity. Matrix of
 Dense regular connective tissue
It is a fibrous connective tissue. It is
characterized by ordered and densely
packed collection of fibres and cells.
Dense regular connective tissue is the
principal component of tendons and
ligaments and aponeuroses.

TENDONS:- Tendons are cord like,

strong,inelastic structures, that joins
skeletal muscles to bones.A tendon is a
white fibrous tissue which has great
strength but limited flexibility.
Ligaments:- They are elastic
structures which connect bones
to bones .A ligaments is highly
elastic and has great strength,
but contains very little matrix.
Ligaments strengthen, the joint
and permit normal movement
but prevent over-flexing or over-
[Link] is caused by
excessive pulling ( stretching) of
ligaments.
 Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue is basically an aggregation of
fat cells or [Link] fat cell is rounded
or oval in shape and contains a large droplet
of fat that almost fills it.
 Occurrence :
The adipose tissue is abundant below
the skin, between the internal organs (e.g.,
around the kidneys) and in yellow bone
marrow.
Functions:
1. Serves as fat reservoir.
2. Provides shapes to limbs and the body.
3. Keeps visceral organ in position. It forms
shock-absorbing cushions around kidneys
and eye balls.
4. Acts as an insulator.. Being a poor conductor
of heat, it reduces heat loss from body, i.e., it
regulates body temperature.
 Skeletal Tissue
The skeletal or supporting tissue
includes cartilage and bone which form
the endoskeleton of the vertebrate body.
(a) Cartilage:
Nature:
The cartilage is a specialized
connective tissue which is compact and
less vascular. Matrix is solid, cheese-like
and firm but also slightly elastic. This
accounts for flexible nature.
 Occurrence :
Cartilage is located in the
following body parts : ear pinna, nose
tip, epiglottis, intervertebral discs,
end of long bones, lower ends of ribs
and rings of trachea (wind-pipe).
Functions :
It provides support and
flexibility to the body parts. It
smoothens surface at joints.
 (b) Bone
Nature :
 Bone is very strong and non-flexible
tissue. Like cartilage, bone is a specialized
connective tissue.
It is porous, highly vascular, mineralized,
hard and rigid. It matrix is made up of
proteins collagen.
Matrix of bone is rich in salts of calcium
and magnesium such as phosphates and
carbonates of calcium and magnesium.
These minerals are responsible for the
hardness of the bone.
 Functions :
Bone forms the endoskeleton in human
beings and other vertebrates except the
sharks. It serves the following functions :
1. Provides shape to the body.
2. Provides skeletal support to body.
3. Protects vital body organs such as brain,
lungs, etc.
4. Serves as a storage site of calcium and
phosphate.
5. Anchors the muscles.
Differences between bone and cartilage
Bone Cartilage
1. Hard and 1. Flexible.
inflexible. 2. Non-porous.
2. Porous. 3. Blood vessels
3. Blood vessels absent.
present. 4. Matrix made up of
4. Matrix made up of protein.
protein and
mineral salts (e.g.,
calcium
phosphate).
 Fluid Connective Tissue
This tissue is specialized to connect various
body organs with each other.
(a) Blood
It is a fluid connective tissue that links
different parts of the body. It helps to maintain the
continuity of body. It contains fluid matrix called
plasma and blood cells such as RBCs (Red Blood
Corpuscles or Cells),WBCs (White Blood
Corpuscles) and platelets suspended in it.
Plasma also contains proteins, salts and
hormones. Blood transports nutrients, gases,
hormones and vitamins to various tissues of the
body. It carries excretory products from tissues to
excretory organs. It also conducts heat and
regulates body temperature.
 Functions :
• RBCs help in transport of respiratory
gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide with
the help of haemoglobin to and from
the various parts of our body. The
average lifespan of RBCs is 120 days.
• WBCs also called leucocytes, fight
with diseases by producing antibodies.
• Blood platelets also called
thrombocytes, help in the clotting of
blood.
 (b) Lymph :
Nature :
Lymph is a colorless fluid
that is filtered out of the blood
capillaries. Since it is a part of
blood, its composition is similar to
that of blood except that red
blood corpuscles and some blood
proteins are absent in it. In the
lymph, white blood cells are found
in abundance.
 Functions :
1. Lymph transports the nutrients (O2
and glucose) that may have been
filtered out of the blood capillaries
back into the heart to be recirculated
in the body.
2. It brings CO2 and nitrogenous
wastes from tissue fluid to blood.
3. Beings loaded with WBCs such as
lymphocytes, the lymph protects the
body against infection. It forms the
defense or immune system of the
body.
 Nervous tissue
The tissue that receive stimulus and
transmit it from one part of the tissue
to other, are nervous tissue.
The cells that constitute nervous
tissue are called nerve cells or neuron.
These are highly specialized for
receiving stimulus and then
transmitting it very rapidly from one
place to another within the body itself.
Brain, spinal cord and nerves are
composed of nervous tissue.
An individual nerve cell or a
neuron may be upto a metre
long and is composed of three
major parts:
i. Cell body : It consists of
cytoplasm, nucleus and cell
membrane.
ii. Axon :It is a long conducting
fibre extending from neuron. It
transmits impulse away from
the cell body.
[Link] : These are short
 Functions :
The dendrites receive
impulses and the axon takes
impulses away from the cell
body.