SEMINAR ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

About CETPA InfoTech

CETPA InfoTech Pvt. Ltd., a Indian Multinational ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified company working in the field of Software & Embedded Development . CETPA is COMPUTER EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION ASSOCIATION. CETPA is a group of professionals who are working for the promotion of technology . It gives Summer/ Industrial Training Program in Embedded System, Advance Embedded System, MATLAB, ANSYS, AutoCAD, C & C++,ANDROID.

Overview

Introduction to Embedded Systems Applications of Embedded Systems 8051 Micro-controller Addressing Modes of 8051 Micro-controller Micro-controller (8051) Interfacing Advantages of Embedded Systems Conclusion

Introduction to Embedded Systems

Definition: An Embedded System is one that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as Its software embeds one of its important components.
in ROM (Read Only Memory). It does not need secondary memories as in a computer

SOFTWARE PROGRAM
#include <16f876a.h> #use delay (clock=20000000) #byte PORTB=6 main() { set_tris_b(0); portb=255; //decimal delay_ms(1000); portb=0x55; //hexadecimal delay_ms(1000); portb=0b10101010; //binary delay_ms(500); }

HARDWARE

Embedded system employs a combination of software & hardware to perform a specific function. Embedded systems are generally based on Micro-Processor, Micro-Controller . Television, Radio, CD player, Robots, Microwave Oven, Security systems, Printers, Wireless phones are examples of Embedded Systems.

Embedded System General Block Diagram

Embedded systems Applications

a) Biomedical Instrumentation ECG Recorder, Imaging systems, patient monitor system. Communication systems Pagers, cellular phones, Network routers, fax , Satellites. Computer peripherals Printer, scanner, keyboards, displays, modems, hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives .

b)

c)

d)

Industrial Instrumentation Process controller, DC motor controller, robotic systems Aerospace : Navigation systems, automatic landing systems, flight attitude controls, RADAR, SONAR, space exploration (e.g. The Mars Pathfinder)

e)

SOJOURNER ROVER

A THINKING ROBOT EQUIPPED WITH SOPHISTICATED LASER EYES AND AUTOMATED PROGRAMMING REACTED TO UNPLANNED EVENTS ON THE SURFACE OF MARS

8051 Micro-controller
A microcontroller is a single silicon chip with memory and Input/Output peripherals on it. Hence a microcontroller is also popularly known as a single chip computer. Normally, a single microcomputer has the following features : Arithmetic and logic unit Memory for storing program EEPROM for nonvolatile data storage RAM for storing variables and special function registers Input/output ports

Timers and counters A/D converter Circuits for reset, power up, serial programming, debugging Instruction decoder and a timing and control unit Serial communication port It is like a single chip computers that is often embedded into other systems to function as processing/controlling unit.

Fig. 8051 Micro-controller

Block Diagram of Micro-controller

CPU RAM ROM
A Single Chip

I/O Port

Timer Serial COM Port

Popular Micro-controllers are: Intel- 8048, 8051,80186,80188 Motorola-MC14500,68HC05, 683xx PIC-16F876A, Z8 (Zilog)

Features of 8051 Micro-controller

FEATURE QUANTITY

ROM RAM Timer I/O pins Serial port Interrupt sources

4K bytes 128 bytes 2 32 1 6

Addressing Modes of 8051 Micro-controller

Immediate Addressing Mode Register Addressing Mode Direct Addressing Mode Indirect Addressing Mode Indexed Addressing Mode

Immediate Addressing Mode : Instructions using #; e.g. :

MOV A, #n MOV Rr,#n

Register Addressing Mode: Registers A and R0 to R7;e.g. :

MOV A ,Rr MOV Rr , A

Direct Addressing Mode: All 128 bytes (00h to 7Fh) of RAM and SFRs (80 to FFh) may be accessed directly. e.g. :
MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV A,ADD ADD,A Rr , ADD ADD , #n ADD1,ADD2

Indirect Addressing Mode

Registers R0 or R1 used as data pointers (00h to 7Fh) @ symbol is used MOV @Rp,#n MOV @Rp,ADD MOV @Rp,A MOV ADD,@Rp MOV A,@Rp

Indexed Addressing Mode

The MOVC instruction is used along with DPTR (Data Pointer) and the Accumulator; A MOVC A,@A+DPTR

Micro-controller Interfacing
The following interfacing can be done with micro-controller (8051): 1) LEDs 2) LCD 3) Seven Segment and many more

Features

80C51 Central Processing Unit. 5 V Operating voltages from 0 MHz to 40 MHz. 16/32/64 KB of on-chip Flash user code memory with ISP (Flash programmer). Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP. SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and enhanced UART. Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins. Three 16-bit timers/counters.

LEDs Interfacing

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting.

The LED is based on the semiconductor diode.

When a diode is forward biased, electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence
The LEDs in a 7 segment display may be connected in common anode or in common-

cathode configuration.

LED Interfacing with 8051

LCD Interfacing

LCD Interfacing with 8051

Seven Segment Interfacing

Seven-segment displays contains the arrangement of the LEDs in Eight (8) passion, and a Dot (.) with a common electrode, lead (Anode or Cathode).

Types of Seven Segment

Common Cathode (CC) All the 8 anode legs uses only one cathode, which is common. Common Anode (CA) The common leg for the entire cathode is of Anode type.

Advantages of Embedded Systems

Low cost Compact Speed High reliability Rugged

Conclusion

Embedded systems have virtually entered every sphere of our life and in the field of Electronics. The possibilities in this field are only limited by the imagination.

Many of the embedded systems are managed by human controllers or by man machine interface for example a cell phone, a TV screen or a PC interface. It is this MMI that often represents the most costly investment in the systems development, in terms of both time and money.

ANY QUERIES ????

THANKS