ruby-core

We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby 3.1.0-preview1.



## YJIT: New experimental in-process JIT compiler


Ruby 3.1 merges YJIT, a new in-process JIT compiler developed by Shopify.

Since [Ruby 2.6 introduced MJIT in
2018](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2018/12/25/ruby-2-6-0-released/),
its performance greatly improved, and finaly [we achieved Ruby3x3 last
year](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2020/12/25/ruby-3-0-0-released/).
But even though Optcarrot has shown impressive speedups, the JIT
hasn't benefited real world business applications.

Recently Shopify contributed many Ruby improvements to speed up their
Rails application. YJIT is an important contribution, and aims to
improve the performance of Rails applications.

Though MJIT is a method-based JIT compiler and uses an external C
compiler, YJIT uses Basic Block Versioning and includes JIT compiler
inside it. With Lazy Basic Block Versioning (LBBV) it first compiles
the beggining of a method, and incrementaly compiles the rest when the
type of arguments and variables are dynamically determined. See [YJIT:
a basic block versioning JIT compiler for
CRuby](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3486606.3486781) for a detailed
introduction.

With this technology, YJIT achieves both fast warmup time and
performance improvements on most real-world software, up to 22% on
railsbench, 39% on liquid-render.

<!-- 試す人向けのお知らせ -->

YJIT is still an experimental feature, and as such, it is disabled by
default. If you want to use this, specify the `--yjit` command-line
option to enable YJIT. It is also limited to macOS & Linux on x86-64
platforms for now.

* https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18229
* https://shopify.engineering/yjit-just-in-time-compiler-cruby
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBVLf3yfMs8

## debug gem: A new debugger

A new debugger [debug.gem](https://github.com/ruby/debug) is bundled.
debug.gem is fast debugger implementation and it provides many
features like remote debugging, colorful REPL, IDE (VSCode)
integration and more. It replaces `lib/debug.rb` standard library.

## error_highlight: Fine-grained error location in backtrace

A built-in gem, error_highlight, has been introduced. It includes
fine-grained error location in backtrace:

```
$ ruby test.rb
test.rb:1:in `<main>': undefined method `time' for 1:Integer (NoMethodError)

1.time {}
 ^^^^^
Did you mean?  times
```

This gem is enabled by default. You can disable it by using a
command-line option `--disable-error_highlight`. See [the
repository](https://github.com/ruby/error_highlight) in detail.

## Irb improvement

To be described in next preview.

## Other Notable New Features

### Language

* Values in Hash literals and keyword arguments can be omitted. [Feature #14579]
  * `{x:, y:}` is a syntax sugar of `{x: x, y: y}`.
  * `foo(x:, y:)` is a syntax sugar of `foo(x: x, y: y)`.

* Pin operator in pattern matching now takes an expression. [Feature #17411]

```ruby
Prime.each_cons(2).lazy.find_all{_1 in [n, ^(n + 2)]}.take(3).to_a
#=> [[3, 5], [5, 7], [11, 13]]
```


### RBS

RBS is a language to describe the structure of Ruby programs. See [the
repository](https://github.com/ruby/rbs) for detail.

Updates since Ruby 3.0.0:

* `rbs collection` has been introduced to manage gems' RBSs.
[doc](https://github.com/ruby/rbs/blob/master/docs/collection.md)
* Many signatures for built-in and standard libraries have been added/updated.
* It includes many bug fixes and performance improvements too.

See [the CHANGELOG.md](https://github.com/ruby/rbs/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
for more information.

### TypeProf

TypeProf is a static type analyzer for Ruby. It generates a prototype
of RBS from non-type-annotated Ruby code. See [the
document](https://github.com/ruby/typeprof/blob/master/doc/doc.md) for
detail.

Updates since Ruby 3.0.0:

* [Experimental IDE
support](https://github.com/ruby/typeprof/blob/master/doc/ide.md) has
been implemented.
* Many bug fixes and performance improvements.

## Performance improvements

* MJIT
  * For workloads like Rails, the default `--jit-max-cache` is changed
from 100 to 10000.
    The JIT compiler no longer skips compilation of methods longer
than 1000 instructions.
  * To support Zeitwerk of Rails, JIT-ed code is no longer cancelled
    when a TracePoint for class events is enabled.

## Other notable changes since 3.0

* One-line pattern matching, e.g., `ary => [x, y, z]`, is no longer
experimental.
* Multiple assignment evaluation order has been changed slightly. [Bug #4443]]
  * `foo[0], bar[0] = baz, qux` was evaluated in order `baz`, `qux`,
`foo`, and then `bar` in Ruby 3.0. In Ruby 3.1, it is evaluated in
order `foo`, `bar`, `baz`, and then `qux`.
* Variable Width Allocation: Strings (experimental) [[Bug
#18239]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18239)

### Standard libraries updates

* Some standard libraries are updated.
  * RubyGems
  * Bundler
  * RDoc 6.4.0
  * ReLine
  * JSON 2.6.0
  * Psych 4.0.2
  * FileUtils 1.6.0
  * Fiddle
  * StringIO 3.0.1
  * IO::Console 0.5.9
  * IO::Wait 0.2.0
  * CSV
  * Etc 1.3.0
  * Date 3.2.0
  * Zlib 2.1.1
  * StringScanner
  * IpAddr
  * Logger 1.4.4
  * OStruct 0.5.0
  * Irb
  * Racc 1.6.0
  * Delegate 0.2.0
  * Benchmark 0.2.0
  * CGI 0.3.0
  * Readline(C-ext) 0.1.3
  * Timeout 0.2.0
  * YAML 0.2.0
  * URI 0.11.0
  * OpenSSL
  * DidYouMean
  * Weakref 0.1.1
  * Tempfile 0.1.2
  * TmpDir 0.1.2
  * English 0.7.1
  * Net::Protocol 0.1.2
  * Net::Http 0.2.0
  * BigDecimal
  * OptionParser 0.2.0
  * Set
  * Find 0.1.1
  * Rinda 0.1.1
  * Erb
  * NKF 0.1.1
  * Base64 0.1.1
  * OpenUri 0.2.0
  * SecureRandom 0.1.1
  * Resolv 0.2.1
  * Resolv::Replace 0.1.0
  * Time 0.2.0
  * PP 0.2.1
  * Prettyprint 0.1.1
  * Drb 2.1.0
  * Pathname 0.2.0
  * Digest 3.1.0.pre2
  * Un 0.2.0
* The following bundled gems are updated.
  * minitest 5.14.4
  * power_assert 2.0.1
  * rake 13.0.6
  * test-unit 3.5.0
  * rbs 1.6.2
  * typeprof 0.20.0
* The following default gems are now bundled gems.
  * net-ftp
  * net-imap
  * net-pop
  * net-smtp
  * matrix
  * prime

See [NEWS](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/ruby_3_1_0_preview1/NEWS.md)
or [commit logs](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_0_0...ruby_3_1_0_preview1)
for more details.

With those changes, [2963 files changed, 529321 insertions(+), 92305
deletions(-)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_0_0...ruby_3_1_0_preview1#file_bucket)
since Ruby 3.0.0!

## Download

* <https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.1/ruby-3.1.0-preview1.tar.gz>

      SIZE: 20821221
      SHA1: 40dfd3db076a49fab9a0eee51e89d9b3d16a4e23
      SHA256: 540f49f4c3aceb1a5d7fb0b8522a04dd96bc4a22f9660a6b59629886c8e010d4
      SHA512: 63f528f20905827d03649ed9804e4a4e5c15078f9c6c8efcfb306baa7baafa17a406eb09a2c08b42e151e14af33b1aadbd9fb1cc84f9353d070b54bbf1ff950d

* <https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.1/ruby-3.1.0-preview1.tar.xz>

      SIZE: 15742844
      SHA1: 22aa861b17031cd1b163b7443f5f2f5897c5895e
      SHA256: 86a836ad42f6a7a469fce71ffec48fd3184af55bf79e488b568a4f64adee551d
      SHA512: bdbd7c624197ca478658280d84123a8c12ae72425bc566dcc75989c5b5ef114dd57e64efc09e2413ed615d9b47621a70ace0f3612e8ca7ba853822ad9e88c0b0

* <https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.1/ruby-3.1.0-preview1.zip>

      SIZE: 25019629
      SHA1: ef5fa22890e55935db4b96b3089a8aea1335bd85
      SHA256: 4e8d118b2365164873148ac545a8fa36c098b846a9b19ebb9037f8ee9adb4414
      SHA512: 917803aac0848e00871614a09740b5c9cca26f200d68580dde61666633f1b7fee506e25ea4ed0c38eb20149417bf9f1ed449a4d2aec5b726de670e7177e5c07a

## What is Ruby

Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993,
and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platforms
and is used all over the world especially for web development.

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