Dolores Stand Alone Senior High School

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction (Times New Roman: Font 12)

For uniformity we follow the model for introduction by John W. Creswell

([Link]

1. State the research problem

2. Review studies that have addressed the problem
3. Indicate deficiencies in the studies
4. Advance the significance of the study for particular audiences
5. State the purpose statement

(Establishing the problem leading to the study)

Why do some students perform well academically in school while others do not?
School is an organization that provides instruction. (Merriam Webster) It is also a place
wherein learners are given a lot of school works to be accomplished on a given time. In
order to fulfill everything, students must obtain some study skills. These skills are
needed to enable them organize and take in new information efficiently. However, not
all students are able to apply their study skills. According to Rahim and Meon (2007)
study skills play an important role in influencing academic performance of the students.
Identifying relationships between academic performance and study/learning strategies is
important because it offers the opportunity to provide students with specific feedback
related to strengths and weaknesses that can be used to help scaffold student’s learning.
(Graham, et. al., 2016) Some studies have asserted that student success depends on the
study skills they adapt to achieve the expected outcomes (Maribeth and Jeill, 2002:
Meneghetti, et. al., 2007) Some researchers argue that it is a combination of various
factors that affect students’ academic performance. However, most of the researchers
have documented a positive relationship between study skills and academic success.
(Stanley, et. al., 1999) Study skills support is an important aspect to consider in helping

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students achieve success and withstand the challenges they face in academic context.
(Wernersbach, et. al., 2014) This academic undertaking specifically focuses on senior
high school students of Dolores Stand Alone Senior High School. The study, therefore,
will enlighten the students regarding the benefits of study skills in their academic
performances. The purpose of this survey study is to assess the relationship between
study skills and academic performance to the students.. Absences. A student in a private
school who incurs absences of more than twenty per cent of the prescribed number of
class or laboratory periods during the School year or term should be given a failing
grade and given no credit for the course of subject.” This is also true in the public
schools. In spite of this mandate, there are still a lot of students who go beyond the
allowable 20% absences in a year. This has been a perennial problem for most if not all
teachers.

(Reviewing the literature about the problem)

Study skills play an important role in influencing academic performance of
university students. These skills, which can be modified, can be used ad indicators on
how a student would perform academically in his course of the study. Using study skills
inventory instrument, eight skills were measured. They were note taking, test taking,
text book study, concentration and memory, time management, analytical thinking and
problem solving, nutrition, and vocabulary. Meanwhile, student's academic performance
was measured through their GPA (Rahim, et. al., 2013). According to Hassanbeigi et.
al., (2001) teaching of study skills to university students can play an important role in
the improvement of students' academic performances. Study skills are fundamental to
academic competence. Effective study skills are associated with positive outcomes
across multiple academic content areas and for diverse learners. Graduate students'
predominant study skill strengths and weaknesses were examined, as well as the
relationship between specific study skills and achievement in a research methodology
course (Jones and Slate, 1992). Students responded appropriately of the statements
measuring study skills. Although that proportion was significantly higher than that

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found for undergraduates. Students in previous studies, graduate students could benefit
from study skills training (Onwegbuzie, et. al., 2001).

(Identifying deficiencies in the literature about the problem)

In lieu with finding solutions to the problem, school heads direct their teachers to not
only prepare for their lessons but to also create a classroom climate that the students will
become comfortable with and make them come to class regularly. Researches have shown
that classroom climate had a significant effect on students’ academic achievement
(Falsario,[Link], 2014; Bennett, 2001). Moreover, Bennett (2001) found out that positive
classroom climate can help ease friction among the students and help students overcome
difficulty in mathematics. The mentioned results imply that even if the academic rigors takes
its toll on the students, a positive academic climate can somehow alleviate it. In total, a
favorable classroom climate have a positive effects on the students; nonetheless, there were
no obvious evidences that a good classroom climate has a significant effect on absenteeism.
This prompted the researchers to probe whether a positive classroom climate can lessen if
not stop absenteeism and improve the quality of their attendace.

(Advance the significance of the study for particular audiences)

The findings may provide information beneficial to following individuals:
 Students - the result of this study will benefit the students on how study skills will
help their academic performance and having study skills will increase the
confidence and competence of the students in improving the ability in learning and
gaining knowledge.
 Teachers - the result of this study will benefit the teachers because they will know
how to improve the study skills of their students towards their academic
performances.
(Identifying the purpose of the proposed study)
The purpose of this survey study is to assess the relationship between study skills
and academic performance to the students.

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Conceptual Framework
(Insert your framework)
Figure 1
Figure 1 presents the conceptual model of the study that was utilized in evaluating
the implication of classroom climate on absenteeism of students. (Change the variables
basing on your title. Add more explanation depending on your variables. The variables
should be clearly described and their relation with one another)

Statement of the Problem

(It should start from the general to the specific problems)

The research aim to assess the relationship of study skills on academic

performance of the students who have an average grade of 85 and above from Dolores
Stand Alone Senior High School.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the study skills of the students?

2. Determine the relationship of study skills on the academic performance of the

students.

3. What is the effect of study skills to the grade 11 students in their academic
performance?

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Research Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the study skills of the students and their
academic performance.

Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined operationally for common understanding:
 Study skills - academic skills, or study strategies are approaches applied to
learning.
 Academic performance - is the extent to which a student teacher or institution
has achieved their short or long-term educational goals.

Significance of the Study

The findings may provide information beneficial to the following individuals:

 Students - the result of this study will benefit the students on how study skills will
help their academic performance and having study skills will increase the
confidence and competence of the students in improving the ability in learning and
gaining knowledge.
 Teachers - the result of this study will benefit the teachers because they will know
how to improve the study skills of their students towards their academic
performances.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focuses on the relationship between study skills and the academic
performances of the students in Dolores Stand Alone Senior High School. The study skills
will measure the strategies of the students in meeting up the standard expectation of their
teachers, while the academic performance measures the students' competence. The
respondents of this study are grade 11 students of Dolores Stand Alone Senior High School.

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Review of Related Literature

Study skills play an important role in influencing academic performance of
university students. These skills, which can be modified, can be used ad indicators on
how a student would perform academically in his course of the study. Using study skills
inventory instrument, eight skills were measured. They were note taking, test taking, text
book study, concentration and memory, time management, analytical thinking and
problem solving, nutrition, and vocabulary. Meanwhile, student's academic performance
was measured through their GPA (Rahim, et. al., 2013). According to Hassanbeigi et. al.,
(2001) teaching of study skills to university students can play an important role in the
improvement of students' academic performances. Study skills are fundamental to
academic competence. Effective study skills are associated with positive outcomes across
multiple academic content areas and for diverse learners. Graduate students' predominant
study skill strengths and weaknesses were examined, as well as the relationship between
specific study skills and achievement in a research methodology course (Jones and Slate,
1992). Students responded appropriately of the statements measuring study skills.
Although that proportion was significantly higher than that found for undergraduates.
Students in previous studies, graduate students could benefit from study skills training
(Onwegbuzie, et. al., 2001).

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Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

This chapter presents the method and techniques, population and sample of the
study, instrument of the study, and the data processing and statistical treatment that will
be applied.

Methods and Techniques Used

The descriptive-correlational method of research was utilized in the study to
determine the relationship between study skills and academic performance. Correlational
research is a systematic investigation of the relationship present between two or more
variables. This academic undertaking made use of a quantitative research approach in
analyzing and understanding the predictor and criterion variables. Standardized
questionnaires on study skills and academic performance were used as primary data
gathering tools.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were Grade 11 students of Dolores Stand Alone
Senior High School who have an average grade of 85 and above. The respondents were
selected via purposive sampling method. It is a kind of non-probability sample that can
be logically assumed to be the representative of the population. It is a sampling method
where the participants are selected through certain criteria.

Instruments of the Study

For the instrument, the researchers used a self-developed survey questionnaire.
The research questionnaire was made in terms of time management, test preparation,
study environment and note taking. The respondents were given the options like always,

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usually, sometimes and never. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers based
on their research objectives.
Data Gathering Procedure
On ethical considerations, the study assured that the respondents were willing to
participate in this study. This study assured that the privacy and identity of the participants
were safe and confidential. Also, the researchers made sure that the study was done with
honesty, transparency and avoided to be bias in interpreting datas. In gathering the data,
the researcher carried out the following procedure:
1. A letter was sent to the Principal of DSASHS to ask permission in the conduct
of proposed study.
2. With the approval, the researchers distributed the questionnaire to the chosen
respondents
3. The researchers collected the questionnaires personally from the respondents
and checked if all the items were answered.
Data Analysis

The data collected were tabulated and processed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS).

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Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

(For Quantitative study)

This chapter presents, analyses, and interprets the data collected in the study. For
an organized presentation and consistent discussion, the data are presented following the
order or sequence of the questions raised in Chapter 1, to wit: (1) students’ attendance,
and (2) perceived classroom climate.

Students’ Attendance

Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents’ attendance. It can be

gleaned from the table that 24% of the respondents have very good attendance or they only
have 0 to 5 absences for the whole semester, 19% of them have good attendance which
means they incurred 6 to 10 absences for the whole semester. (You can continue
depending on your results)

Table 1 Level of Attendance of the Students

Attendance % Level
21 and above 10% Very Poor
16 - 20 18% Poor
11 - 15 29% Acceptable
6 - 10 19% Good
0-5 24% Very Good
Total 100%

Perceived Classroom Climate

(Insert table and explain)

%% The Statement of the Problem should be answered and explained in this part%%

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(NOTE: This is the statement of the problem of the study

This study specifically answered the following question:
- How does unemployment impact on an individual’s psychological well-being?
- How do the financial restrictions of unemployment impact on an individual’s quality
of life and standard of living?
- What resources do individuals utilise in order to cope with unemployment and
keep them motivated?)
%% The Statement of the Problem should be answered and explained in this part%%

Psychological well-being

All of the participants felt that unemployment had a negative effect on their

psychological and emotional well-being. One participant described how he was left

feeling worthless:

I was feeling worthless, I wasn’t part of society, I was embarrassed to say I

was unemployed, I was even hiding from people I knew, I did not want them to know
that I was unemployed. I just kept saying that I was on holiday every time I bumped into
anyone, but I knew that I could not keep getting away with that, that obviously they
would know and cop on. Emotionally I felt very low, I would have thought about suicide
maybe but I had to think of my family then aswell you know, those are the people that
you are going to leave behind you know. It did not look good. (Participant 3)

(You can add more depending on your results)

Financial impact of unemployment

All participants reported a significant decrease in their financial situation as a result

of unemployment. They have to survive on a weekly social welfare payment, which is
considerably less than what they would have earned when working. All participants

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reported that since being unemployed they are more conscious of their spending and
struggle to budget their money from week to week.

However, two participants recalled that financially they now manage a great deal
better. One participant recalls how when she was working full time, her lifestyle meant that
she was spending all her money but now her lifestyle has changed as a result of losing her
job and so she has to manage her finances better:

( Add more depending on your results)

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CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations concerning the impact of the students perceived classroom climate on
their attendance.
(This is for quantitative study)
The research design utilized by the study was the descriptive-correlational
framework in which standardized instruments were the main tool for data gathering. The
respondents of the study were 32 Grade 11 Technical-Vocational students in Dolores
Stand Alone Senior High School.
The null hypotheses was subjected to testing at 0.05 level of significance.
"Classroom Climate has no significant relation to the students’ quality of
attendance."
The results were obtained using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences
(SPSS) for data processing. The findings were exhibited using the necessary tables and
figures. The results were analyzed, evaluated and interpreted using statistical procedures
such as descriptive analysis to describe the variables and to determine the impact of
classroom climate on the students’ quality of attendance. Using the aforementioned
procedures, the findings of the study may be summarized as follows;

Summary of Findings

1. Profile of the participants in terms of attendance

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Majority of the respondent had acceptable absences which means the absences
they incurred ranged from 11 – 15.

2. Participants’ perceived classroom climate

(Write key findings only)

At the end of the findings the decision should be placed …………..

Hence, the decision is to reject the null hypothesis which states that classroom
climate has no relation with the students’ quality of attendance.

Conclusion

In the light of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. These findings show that the participants are more concerned on how teachers
and their classmates treat them than the way the lessons are presented.

(This is just an example, change to fit the results of your study)

Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following

recommendations are hereby offered:
1. That the teachers should show care and concern to the welfare of the students.

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Research is to see what everybody else has

seen, and to think what nobody else has
thought.
Albert Szent-Gyorgi

Good luck everyone!!!!

KEITH P. DIMOG

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