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Design and Methodology

This chapter describes the design and methodology of an experiment to determine the solubility of water and phenol, two partially miscible liquids. The experiment involves preparing an 80% phenol solution, setting up glassware to heat the liquid mixtures while stirring, and adding either phenol or water incrementally to record clouding and clearing temperatures over 12 trials. Computations are done to calculate component weights, average temperatures, and plot percent phenol versus temperature to determine the critical solution temperature and composition at that point.

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Kate Pagaling
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95 views3 pages

Design and Methodology

This chapter describes the design and methodology of an experiment to determine the solubility of water and phenol, two partially miscible liquids. The experiment involves preparing an 80% phenol solution, setting up glassware to heat the liquid mixtures while stirring, and adding either phenol or water incrementally to record clouding and clearing temperatures over 12 trials. Computations are done to calculate component weights, average temperatures, and plot percent phenol versus temperature to determine the critical solution temperature and composition at that point.

Uploaded by

Kate Pagaling
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 2

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This experiment dealt with the determination of the solubility of two partially miscible

liquids. The liquids concerned were water and phenol.

Apparatus Set Up

Figure 2.1

Preparation of the 80% Phenol Solution

The researchers started with the preparation of 80% phenol solution by pouring

approximately 20 milliliters of the phenol into the weighed 50-milliliter graduated cylinder then

reweighed it immediately on a platform balance. After which, they added water, using a dropper,

to the phenol in the graduated cylinder until the weight is 25 percent more than that of the

measured weight of phenol.

Set Up

For the set-up, the test tube was supported in a beaker of water with the thermometer

and stirrer inside the test tube. In the water, there should also be a stirrer present. And with the

help of the iron stand, the beaker was supported while heating.

Phenol to Water

First, about 10 milliliters of distilled water was put into the test tube and then the

prepared 80% phenol solution was added 0.5 milliliter at a time using a pipette until cloudiness

remains after stirring. The water bath was heated slowly and the test tube was stirred in the hot

water bath until the cloudiness disappeared or until the solution became clear. After that, the

bunsen burner was removed but the stirring continued while cooling until the solution clouds
again. Both the clouding and clearing temperature were recorded in 12 trials adding 1 milliliter

of the 80% phenol solution every trial until a total of 12 milliliters have been added. After the 12

trials, the solution was discarded.

Water to Phenol

Instead of introducing the distilled water first in this procedure, the prepared 80% phenol

solution was introduced first in the test tube using a pipette. The water bath was also heated

slowly and the test tube was stirred in the hot water bath until the cloudiness disappeared or until

the solution became clear. After that, the bunsen burner was removed but the stirring continued

while cooling until the solution clouds again. Both the clouding and clearing temperature were

recorded in 12 trials adding 1 milliliter of water every trial until a total of 12 milliliters have been

added. After the 12 trials, the solution was discarded. The volume of the water added every trial

need not to be exactly as stated but shall be known accurately.

Computations

The ambient conditions, room temperature and barometric pressure were first determined

by the researchers. The total weight of phenol and water in 1 milliliter of 80% phenol solution

was calculated with the given density of the phenol which is 1.05 g/mL. And with that, the total

weight of each component in the system after each addition was also calculated. The clouding

and clearing temperatures of each trial was averaged to plot the percent weight of phenol versus

the average temperatures which is important in the determination of the critical temperature of

the mixture. The critical solution temperature is the temperature at which a mixture of two

immiscible liquids at ordinary temperature, ceases to separate into two distinct phases. From the

plot, the critical solution temperature and the composition, which is in percent weight phenol, of
the solution at critical solution temperature can be found. Then the composition was expressed as

percent mole phenol.

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