Work, Energy and Power
1. [1 mark]
An object falls from rest from a height h close to the surface of the Moon. The Moon has no atmosphere.
When the object has fallen to height above the surface, what is
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. [1 mark]
A graph shows the variation of force acting on an object moving in a straight line with distance moved
by the object. Which area represents the work done on the object during its motion from P to Q?
A. X
B. Y
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C. Y + Z
D. X + Y + Z
3. [1 mark]
The initial kinetic energy of a block moving on a horizontal floor is 48 J. A constant frictional force acts
on the block bringing it to rest over a distance of 2 m. What is the frictional force on the block?
A. 24 N
B. 48 N
C. 96 N
D. 192 N
4. [1 mark]
A stone is falling at a constant velocity vertically down a tube filled with oil. Which of the following
statements about the energy changes of the stone during its motion are correct?
I. The gain in kinetic energy is less than the loss in gravitational potential energy.
II. The sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the stone is constant.
III. The work done by the force of gravity has the same magnitude as the work done by friction.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
5. [1 mark]
An object of mass is initially at rest. When an impulse acts on the object its final kinetic energy is
. What is the final kinetic energy when an impulse of acts on an object of mass initially at
rest?
A.
B.
C.
2
D.
6. [1 mark]
An object of mass m1 has a kinetic energy E1. Another object has a mass m2 and kinetic energy E2. The
objects have the same momentum. What is the ratio ?
A. 1
B.
C.
D.
7. [1 mark]
An object has a weight of 6.10 × 102 N. What is the change in gravitational potential energy of the object
when it moves through 8.0 m vertically?
A. 5 kJ
B. 4.9 kJ
C. 4.88 kJ
D. 4.880 kJ
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8. [1 mark]
An object of mass m is sliding down a ramp at constant speed. During the motion it travels a distance
along the ramp and falls through a vertical distance h. The coefficient of dynamic friction between the
ramp and the object is μ. What is the total energy transferred into thermal energy when the object
travels distance ?
A. mgh
B. mgx
C. μmgh
D. μmgx
9. [1 mark]
In an inelastic collision
A. momentum and kinetic energy are both conserved.
B. momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not.
C. kinetic energy is conserved but momentum is not.
D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.
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10. [1 mark]
An astronaut is moving at a constant velocity in the absence of a gravitational field when he throws a
tool away from him.
What is the effect of throwing the tool on the total kinetic energy of the astronaut and the tool and the
total momentum of the astronaut and the tool?
11. [1 mark]
A motor of input power 160 W raises a mass of 8.0 kg vertically at a constant speed of 0.50 m s –1.
What is the efficiency of the system?
A. 0.63%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
12. [1 mark]
A car travelling at a constant velocity covers a distance of 100 m in 5.0 s. The thrust of the engine is 1.5
kN. What is the power of the car?
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A. 0.75 kW
B. 3.0 kW
C. 7.5 kW
D. 30 kW
13. [1 mark]
The efficiency of an electric motor is 20 %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted. What is the
useful work done by the motor?
A. 100 J
B. 125 J
C. 250 J
D. 400 J
14a. [2 marks]
A student strikes a tennis ball that is initially at rest so that it leaves the racquet at a speed of 64 m s –1.
The ball has a mass of 0.058 kg and the contact between the ball and the racquet lasts for 25 ms.
Calculate the average force exerted by the racquet on the ball.
14b. [2 marks]
Calculate the average power delivered to the ball during the impact.
14c. [2 marks]
The student strikes the tennis ball at point P. The tennis ball is initially directed at an angle of 7.00° to
the horizontal.
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The following data are available.
Height of P = 2.80 m
Distance of student from net = 11.9 m
Height of net = 0.910 m
Initial speed of tennis ball = 64 m s-1
Calculate the time it takes the tennis ball to reach the net.
14d. [3 marks]
Show that the tennis ball passes over the net.
14e. [2 marks]
Determine the speed of the tennis ball as it strikes the ground.
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14f. [3 marks]
The student models the bounce of the tennis ball to predict the angle θ at which the ball leaves a surface
of clay and a surface of grass.
The model assumes
• during contact with the surface the ball slides.
• the sliding time is the same for both surfaces.
• the sliding frictional force is greater for clay than grass.
• the normal reaction force is the same for both surfaces.
Predict for the student’s model, without calculation, whether θ is greater for a clay surface or for a grass
surface.
15a. [1 mark]
Define impulse.
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15b. [1 mark]
A chicken’s egg of mass 58 g is dropped onto grass from a height of 1.1 m. Assume that air resistance is
negligible and that the egg does not bounce or break.
Show that the kinetic energy of the egg just before impact is about 0.6 J.
15c. [4 marks]
The egg comes to rest in a time of 55 ms. Determine the magnitude of the average decelerating force
that the ground exerts on the egg.
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15d. [2 marks]
Explain why the egg is likely to break when dropped onto concrete from the same height.
16a. [5 marks]
This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about power and efficiency. Part 2 is about electrical resistance.
Part 1 Power and efficiency
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A bus is travelling at a constant speed of 6.2 m s–1 along a section of road that is inclined at an angle of
6.0° to the horizontal.
(i) The bus is represented by the black dot shown below. Draw a labelled sketch to represent the forces
acting on the bus.
(ii) State the value of the rate of change of momentum of the bus.
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16b. [3 marks]
The mass of the bus is 8.5×103 kg. Determine the rate of increase of gravitational potential energy of the
bus.
16c. [3 marks]
Using your answer to (c) and the data in (b), estimate the magnitude of the resistive forces acting on
the bus.
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16d. [4 marks]
The engine of the bus suddenly stops working.
(i) Determine the magnitude of the net force opposing the motion of the bus at the instant at which the
engine stops.
(ii) Discuss, with reference to the air resistance, the change in the net force as the bus slows down.
Printed for Skyline High School
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2020
International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®
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