ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PYSICS
PHYSICS FOR NATURAL SCIENCE ( phys 1011)
chapter 4
Dynamics
prepared by group 7 submitted to Dr Endalkachew
13, march,
2023
INTRODUCTION
DYNAMICS: is concerned with bodies that have accelerated motion.
The part of mechanics which studies both motion and force that cause
the motion is called dynamics .
What cause an object to move are force .
The two main factors we need to consider are :
1. The force acting on an object
2. The mass of an object
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4.1.1 THE CONCEPT OF FORCE
Force: is any kind of pull or push exerted on an object.
It is an interaction between two objects or between an object and its
environment .
Force is exist only as a result of an interaction.
The effect of force are
_to accelerate or stop an object
_to change the direction of a moving object
_to change the shape of an object
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4.2 THE VECTOR NATURE OF FORCE
4.2.1 TYPE OF INTERACTION CONTACT AND FIELD FORCE
* Force is a vector quantity that passes both magnitude and direction .
Super position of force states “ Any number of force applied at a point on a
body have the same effect as a single force equal to the vector sum of the
force.
Force can be classified as either contact or field force .
[Link] force : are force that involves physical contact between two objects .
eg. Writing , kicking ball, etc
[Link] force : are force that do not involve physical contact between two object .
eg. Gravitational force , electromagnetic force ,etc
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FUNDAMENTAL FORCES _FORCES OF NATURE
All fundamental force are field forces and there are four fundamental forces
in nature.
[Link] force: is a force between two objects in the universe.
It is attractive force by virtue of their masses.
The weakest force but it has a greatest impact in the universe.
[Link]-magnetic force: it is a force between charged particles such as
the force between two current carrying wires.
Attractive for unlike charges and repulsive for like charges
It is a combination of electrostatics and magnetic force.
Stronger than gravitational force.
CONTI…
3. The strong nuclear force : it holds proton and neutron and created
between nucleus by the exchange of a particle called mesous.
It is important to keep atoms from collapsing.
It is the strongest of all basic force in nature.
4. The weak nuclear force : is a force that arises in most radio active
decay process and play an important role in the nuclear reaction that
generate the sum of energy output.
This force is not as weak as the gravitational force.
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4.3 NEWTONS LAW OF MOTION
4.3.1 Newtons first law of motion : state that “ an object move with a velocity that
is constant in magnitude and direction , unless a non zero force acts on it.”
If an object velocity is not changing in either magnitude or direction , then its
acceleration and the net force acting on it must be zero.
Mass and inertia
Inertia: Is the tendency of an object to continue its original state of
motion.
Mass : Is a measure of object resistance to change in its motion due
to force.
Application of first law of motion
[Link] belts
2. rocket
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4.3.2 Newtons second law of motion: state that “ the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its masses.”
It answers the question of what happen to an object when a net force
Is acting on it .
F=m*a
The body is either at rest or moving at constant velocity
The gravitational force and weight
All objects are attracted to the earth.
This force is directed toward the center of the earth and its
magnitude is called weight.
Application of second law of motion
lifts
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4.3.3 Newtons third law of motion: state that “when ever one body
exerts a force on a second body exerts an equal and opposite
force on the first body”
- It deals with the interaction between a pair of objects.
- Action and reaction forces act on different body
- The action force is equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction
Application of third law of motion
Working of rocket
4.4 Motion with friction
The normal force : is the force exerted by a surface on an
object in contact with it
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•
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FRICTION: arises where two surface are in contact and moving
relative to each other.
• Frictional force act parallel to the surface.
• The magnitude of frictional force depend on
the type of surface
the magnitude of the normal force
For every surface we can determine a contact factor , known
as a coefficient of friction.
There are two types of coefficient of friction
μs-coefficient of statics friction
μk- coefficient of kinetic friction
CONTI…
There are two types of friction
1. Static friction : is a force of friction between two surfaces that are in
contact and at rest relative to each other.
fs = μsFn
NB: the maximum static friction is called limiting friction and it arises when
the body is on a verge of motion.
2. Kinetic friction : is the frictional force between two surfaces that are in
relative motion to each other.
fk = μkFn
fk<fs
Frictional force does not depend on the area of the surface in contact.
CONTI…
4.5 Dynamics of circular motion
Centripetal force
An object can have a centripetal acceleration only if some external force act on
it.
Fc=mac
Application of centripetal force
Motion with vertical circle
Motion on level circle rood
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EXAMPLE :A ball of mass 0.5kg is connected at the end of a 1.5m string. If
the ball whired in horizontal circle , and if the string can tolerate a
maximum tension of 50N , what maximum speed can the ball has before
the string breaks?
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QUESTION ????
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THANK YOU!!!
