EKURHULENI NORTH DISTRICT

Mathematical Literacy
Grade 12
Revision Book 3
Teacher Guide
Measurements

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This document aims to serve as a guide to support educators in their presentation of the various
topics and encourage learners to study Mathematical Literacy and the content herein that form part
of the Grade 12 revision programme.
Educators must draw on their teaching experiences to adapt, select from, emphasise, and expand on
sections of the material so that they can facilitate the learning process.

TEACHING DESIGN: The content in this booklet was taken from analysis of June test results as well as
learner input during SSIP visits and School visits. Analysis of problematic topics were identified and
concluded that it should form part of the pre-final push.
Educators are encouraged to work through the booklet with exam type questions to ensure
strengthening of all content and terminology before attempting to do whole exam paper.

The suggested tutoring design should focus on:

1. Clear, detailed “teaching moments” which cover the content and skills.
2. The use of different teaching methodologies to mediate the material effectively.
3. Explaining concepts, processes, and terminology.
4. Providing opportunities for learners to practise questions. (Time management)
5. Explaining the meaning of instructional verbs of questions.
6. Explaining the types of questions asked in question papers and the way in which
learners should present their answers.
7. Giving feedback to learners.
8. Consolidation of what has been covered.

AGENDA/PLAN FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

What educator/s should do… What learners should do…

1. Conversions.
• Ensure learners know conversions for Learners should know basic
length/Distance (mm, cm, m, km) weight (mg, g, conversions.
kg, ton) Make notes on explaining
• Recipe conversions. Ensure 1cup= 250 ml metric and imperial systems.
1teaspoon = 5 ml, 1 tablespoon = 15ml
• Know the difference between the imperial and
metric system
2. Explain the difference between calculate and explain or Be able to explain the steps in
define calculating each of perimeter,
• Perimeter area, volume and surface area.
• Area Show all calculations
• Volume Define all terminology
• Surface area
3. Know terminology of a circle. Identify and explain all
• Circumference terminology
• Radius Calculate using the correct
• Diameter. measure associated with the
• Semi circle. terminology.

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MEASUREMENTS

Types of questions that can be asked:

• Read, record and perform calculations involving time values and timetables
• Calculate speed, distance and time
• Calculate/measure the perimeter, area, surface area and volume of objects.
• Calculate/measure the Volume and surface areas of rectangular prism, triangular prism,
cylindrical prism pyramids, cones and spheres.

• Determine/calculate appropriate quantities of materials/components required to

complete a task or project.

• Conversions within and between the metric and imperial systems; Measuring/calculating
time and timetables; speed, distance and time.

Terminology that should be known.

Term / concept Definition/ Explanation

The amount of two-dimensional (2-D) space occupied by a 2-D shape.

Area Area of a shape is the size of its surface. It is measured in square units.
Two-Dimensional drawings A diagram or picture having length and width only
A plan or design having length and width only, but possibly representing
Two-Dimensional plans three dimensional objects
A dimensional construction of a real-life object. It is a solid, it has
Three Dimensional models length, breadth/ width and height
A closed curve that is everywhere at the same distance from a fixed
Circle point
Circumference Distance around a circle / perimeter of a circle
Conversion A change from one system /unit to another
Values used to convert/ change quantities from one measuring system
Conversion factor to another.
Three-dimensional object with congruent parallel circles bases that are
Cylinder joined by a curved surface
A straight line passing through the centre of a circle and touching the
Diameter circle at both ends thus dividing the circle into two equal halves.

UNIT 1.1: Conversions, Measuring Time, Timetables and Speed.

INTRODUCTION

In this unit you will look at the concept of Conversions, measuring time, timetables and speed.
LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this Unit, you should be able to:

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 • Convert within and between the metric and imperial systems, solid to liquid
measurements and temperature.
• Measure time, calculate time differences, timetables, speed, distance and time

What is the Metric and Imperial system?

• Metric and imperial system are the two main measurement systems commonly used in the
world.

• Metric system is easy to figure out and use in calculations.

• Imperial system relates to the metric system and should know how to convert between the two
systems.

• Imperial system versus metric system (Conversion table will be given, although basic
conversions for eg. 1l= 1000 ml, 1kg = 1000g etc. and the measurements in the right hand
column should be known off by heart.)

Length and Distance Mass/Weight Liquid Volume Measuring Spoons and

Cups

- 1 inch = 25,4mm - 1 ounce = 28,35g - 1 pint = - 1 cup = 250ml

473ml (USA)
e.g. diameter of e.g. standard - 1 tablespoon = 15ml
a R5 coin. slice of bread = 568ml (UK)
- 1 teaspoon = 5ml
- 1 yard = 0,914m e.g. a large
glass of milk
e.g. lengh of a
guitar - 1 gallon =
3,79 L (USA)
- 1 mile = 1,6km
=4,55 (UK)
e.g. 4 times
around an e.g. 3 ostrich
athletic track eggs

Table 1

• The Metric System

- Consists of measurements based on the Standard International System of units (SI System)
and non-standard units of measurements.

SI Units Non – SI Units

Length/distance Temperature

Base unit - metre (m) Base unit: 0F or 0C

Mass/weight

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 Base unit - kilogram (kg)

Time Liquid volume

Base unit - second (S) Base unit - Litre (L)

Solid volume

Base unit - cubic metre (m3)

Table 2

1. Conversions….. Remember to always write this on your question paper so that you do not
forget when to divide or when to multiply.

• Length/Distance conversion

• Weight conversion • Capacity conversion

• Time conversion

To convert units of time you can use a very similar method to the one you used when converting
other units of measure.

Example 1

- Let’s say you want to work out how long 245 minutes is in hours.

- The diagram above shows that you should do 245 ÷ 60 = 4.083.

- This is not a particularly helpful answer since you really want the answer in the format of:
___ hours __ minutes.

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 - Due to the fact that time does not work in 10s, you need to do a little more work once
arriving at your answer of 4.083.

- The answer is obviously 4 hours and an amount of minutes.

- 4 hours then is 4 × 60 = 240 minutes.

- Since you wanted to know how long 245 minutes is you just do 245 – 240 = 5 minutes left
over.

- So 245 minutes is 4 hours and 5 minutes.

Example 2
- It’s a very similar process if you want to go from say minutes to seconds.
- Let’s take it you want to know how long 5 minutes and 17 seconds is in seconds.
- 5 minutes would be 5 × 60 = 300 seconds.
- You then have a further 17 seconds to add on, so you do 300 + 17 = 317 seconds.

• Average Speed

• Temperature

There are two main temperature scales:

- °C, the Celsius Scale (part of the Metric System, used in most countries)
- °F, the Fahrenheit Scale (used in the US)

They both measure the same thing (temperature!), but use different numbers:
- Boiling water (at normal pressure) measures 100° in Celsius, but 212° in Fahrenheit
- And as water freezes it measures 0° in Celsius, but 32° in Fahrenheit

Temperature conversion formulae

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 - °C = (°F - 32) ÷ 1.8

- °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32

2. PERIMETER AND AREA

Types of questions:

• Calculate the perimeter and the area of an object

• Determine/calculate appropriate quantities of materials/components required to
complete a task

WHAT YOU MUST REMEMBER:

PERIMETER

• Perimeter is the total length/distance around a shape or around the boundary. Perimeter of a
circle is called the Circumference.
• Perimeter is measured in single units e.g. m, cm, mm, etc.
• Length means measurement between two points in a straight line. E.g. length of a room.
• Circumference is a distance around a circle.

SHAPE NAME OF SHAPE FORMULA FOR

PERIMETER/CIRCUMFERENCE

l Rectangle 𝑃 =𝑙+𝑙+𝑏+𝑏

𝑏 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑏

𝑃 = 𝑙+𝑙+𝑙+𝑙

Square 𝑃 = 4𝑙
𝑙

Triangle 𝑃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

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 Circle C= 𝟐×𝝅×𝒓

OR

C=𝝅×𝒅

𝝅 = 𝟑, 𝟏𝟒𝟐

𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Radius is half of the diameter. (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = )
2

Diameter is a straight line that divides a circle into two equal parts. (diameter= 2 × 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)

AREA

• Area is the amount of space occupied by a 2-D (2-Dimensional) figure.

• It is measured in square units e.g. 𝑚2 , 𝑐𝑚2 , etc

• 2-D shape/ diagram is a diagram/picture that has length and width only.

• 3-D shape/diagram A dimensional construction of a real-life object. It is a solid, it has length,

breadth/ width and height.

SHAPE NAME FORMULA FOR AREA

𝑏 Rectangle 𝑨 =𝒍×𝒃

𝑙 Square 𝑨= 𝒍×𝒍

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 Triangle 𝟏
𝑨= × 𝒃 ×⊥ 𝒉
𝟐

𝑨 = 𝝅 × 𝒓𝟐

Or

𝒅 𝟐
𝑨= ( )
𝟐
Circle
𝝅 = 𝟑, 𝟏𝟒𝟐

𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Radius is half of the diameter. (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = )
2

Diameter is a straight line that divides a circle into two equal parts. (diameter= 2 × 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)

KEY INFORMATION ON THE PERIMETER AND AREA CALCULATION

• Always make sure that the units of measurement are the same before doing any calculations.
• Convert units of measurement between different systems (imperial – metric and vice versa).
• Convert units of measurement between different scales.
• Change the diameter to radius before doing any calculations by dividing the diameter by 2.
• Choose the suitable formula.
• Substitute values on the formula and simplify.
• Diameter should always be divided by 2 to be converted to a radius.
• Use the value of 𝜋 given i.e. 𝜋 = 3,142
• When dealing with semi-circle, remember to divide the formula of circle by 2.
• When dealing with complex figures, always divide it into smaller figures, calculate the segments and
add the answers together,
• To determine the perimeter, you add all sides and the units thereof are similar to that of the length.
• Area is determined by multiplying 2 sides, the units are always squared.
• However, the volume is determined by multiplying 3 sides; therefore, the units are always cubed.

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LEARNER NOTES (Know this… very important)

Perimeter- total length around a 2-dimensional shape. (measured in mm, cm, m, km,
etc.)

Circumference – total length around a circle. (measured in mm, cm, m, km, etc.)

NB. Units can also be imperial (ft, in, yd)

Whenever you calculate perimeter, make sure that all sides are in the same unit. (e.g.,
if they say calculate the area in mm then make sure that all values are in mm)

PERIMETER OF A SQUARE OR RECTANGLE

• Perimeter = 5m + 5m + 5 m+ 5m = 20m OR
• To calculate the perimeter of a square or
rectangle we add the lengths of each of the 4
sides.

Step 1: Find the lengths of the sides.

Step 2: Add.
Step 3: Write the units

PERIMETER OF A TRIANGLE
• Perimeter = Sum of all sides
• Perimeter = 12 +12+8 = 32

Step 1: Find the lengths of the sides.

Step 2: Add.
Step 3: Write the units

CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE

C = πd C = 2πr
= 3,142 × 6cm = 2 × 3,142 × 4cm
= 18,85cm = 25,14cm

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TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

1.1 Below is the municipal playground shaped into two semi-circles and a
rectangle.

Use the municipal playground to answer the questions that follow

1.1.1 Name the shapes represented by letter A and B respectively (4)

1.1.2 Calculate the perimeter (in meters) of the playground.

You may use the following formulae:

(4)

1.1.3 Calculate the cost of fencing the playground if the fence costs R66,00 (2)
per meter

1.2 In order to market their products, the municipality Sports Trade strategically installed
flat screen television sets inside a shop. These television sets also broadcast sport
related material. Refer to the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Convert the diagonal length of 126 cm of the flat screen television to meters. (2)

1.2.2 Determine the perimeter of the flat screen television in centimeters. (2)

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QUESTION 2

2.1 The diagram below shows the netball court, including the netball field used during
the 2019 world cup held in Liverpool, in United Kingdom.

Study the diagram above and answer the questions that follow.

2.1.1 The diameter of the center circle is 900 mm. Convert this diameter to
meters (m). (2)

2.1.2 Determine the length of ONE of the goal third area of the netball field. (3)

2.1.3 The length of the netball court, including the obstacle free run-off zone
is 36,6m. Show, with calculations how this length was calculated. (2)

2.1.4 Determine the perimeter of the netball field (4)

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2.2 The winning team of the netball tournament received gold medals shown below.

Picture of a medal attached to a ribbon Dimensions of a medal

Diameter of the medal = 6 cm

Thickness of the medal = 0,035
Ribbon cm
Medal

[Sourcenetball.
sport/archives/16291]

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

2.2.1 Determine the radius of the medal. (2)

2.2.2 Calculate the circumference of the medal.

You may use one of the following formulae:

Circumference = 2 × π × radius

Circumference = π × diameter
(3)
Note: π = 3,142

QUESTION 3

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Mr. Mampane has been asked to hand in a quote for the work required in Mrs.
Botes’s new house before work can start. The house has the following shape

3.1 Determine the radius of the semi-circle in ft (2)

3.2 Determine the perimeter of the house in ft.

Use may use following formula:𝑃 = 2𝐿 + 𝐵 + 𝜋𝑟

Use 𝜋 = 3,142 (4)

3.3 The skirting board around the perimeter will have to replaced. (2)
How much will this cost if the wood costs R65/ft

SECTION: AREA

LEARNER NOTES

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Area – amount of space enclosed within a boundary or perimeter.

Area is measured in unit2 (e.g., mm2; cm2; m2; km2; in2; ft2; mile2 etc.)

AREA OF SQUARE

Work through the examples with your teacher. Ensure you understand all the terminology
and action verbs.

AREA OF A RECTANGLE

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 AREA OF CIRCLE

TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS

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QUESTION 1

The diagram below shows the netball court, including the netball field used during
the 2019 world cup held in Liverpool, in United Kingdom.

1.1 The organizer wanted to refurbish the obstacle free run-off zone.
Determine the area to be refurbished.

You may use the following formula:

Area to be refurbished

= (area of netball court) – (area of the netball field) (5)

1.2 Determine the Area of the goal post area.

You may use the formula:

(3)
𝐀 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 = 𝛑𝐫 𝟐

QUESTION 2

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2.1 Below is the municipal playground shaped into two semi-circles and a
rectangle.

2.1.1 Calculate the area of the playground. Round the answer correct to two (8)
decimal places.
You may use the following formulae.
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖 − 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = × 𝜋 × 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠2
2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋 × 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑙 × 𝑏
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142

2.1.2 It costs the municipality R37,50 per square meter to maintain the area (4)
of the playground per month. Calculate how much it will cost the
municipality to maintain the playground per year
2.2 Below is the national flag of Japan. The largest flag is located at Izumo Shrine
and has the following features and dimensions:

• Rectangular white banner with a crimson (red) circle in the center

• Length and width of the flag are in a ratio of 3: 2.
• Length of 13,2 m
3
• Diameter of crimson circle is three fifths ( ) of the width of the flag.
5

DIAGRAM 3: RATIO OF THE NATIONAL FLAG OF JAPAN

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 Source: [Link]

2.2.1 Calculate the size (in m) of the radius of the crimson circle on the Japanese
flag at Izumo Shrine. (4)

2.2.2 Determine the area (in square metres) of the flag that is white.
You may use the following formulae:

Area rectangle = length × width

Area circle = πr2 where r = radius Use π = 3,142

(3)

SECTION B: HOMEWORK

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A standard rugby field has the following dimensions:

• Width = 70 m
• Length = 100 m (between goal lines)
• Additional 22 m both sides beyond the goal line

The groundsman at the Yokohama International Stadium over seeded* the rugby field with
ryegrass in preparation for the RWC. He sowed 10 pounds of rye seed per 92,903 m2.

* over seed – to seed existing grass with another type of seed

DIAGRAM 1: DIMENSIONS OF A RUGBY FIELD

Sources: [Link]/rugby-rules and [Link]

The groundsman reckoned that he would not need more than 500 kg of rye seed to over
seed the rugby field.

Determine whether his statement is VALID.

Area rectangle = length × width

1 pound = 0,453592 kg (8)

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SECTION: AREA, TOTAL SURFACE AREA

LEARNER NOTES

• Area – amount of space enclosed within a boundary or perimeter.

• Total Surface Area – is the sum of the area of all the shapes(faces) that cover the
surface of the object.
• Area and Total Surface Area are measured in unit2 (e.g., mm2; cm2; m2; in2; ft2; etc.)

SURFACE AREA OF A CUBE

TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF A RECTANGULAR PRISM

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 TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF A CYLINDER

TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF A TRIANGULAR PRISM

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 EXAMPLES OF TOTAL SURFACE AREA

TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

Cassandra is upgrading her garden by putting in a flower bed, pond, steppingstones,

and a new deck. She asked a landscape architect to design the new garden.

PLAN OF THE UPGRADE OF CASSANDRA’S GARDEN

[Source: Adapted from [Link]]

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 Use above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1 Five steppingstones are placed from the deck to the pond. Determine the
area (in cm2) of all the steppingstones, if the diameter of a steppingstone is
30 cm.

You may use the following formula:

(4)
Area = 𝛑 × (radius)2
Use 𝛑 = 3,142

1.2 Convert the inner diameter of the pond to millimeters. (2)

1.3 Pieces of grass are used to cover the lawn area. The length of each piece of
grass is 700 mm and the width is 500 mm.
Calculate the area of one piece of grass in square meters (m 2).

You may use the following formula:

(3)
Area = length × width

QUESTION 2

2.1 The dimensions of a crunchie bar are illustrated in the diagram below. (Diagram
not drawn to scale

2.1.1 The crunchie bar needs to be covered with chocolate. Calculate the (5)
surface area of the crunchie bar in cm2.

You may use the formula below:

𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2 × 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

2.1.2 To keep the crunchie bar fresh, a special wrapping is used. The wrapping (4)
that is used to cover the crunchie bar is 12,5% more than the surface
area of the crunchie bar. How much wrapping is needed for the crunchie
bar?
(Round off to two decimal places)

2.2 A school ordered air conditioner for the girls’ hostel. Samo Holdings
Transport used 40-feet general purpose containers to deliver them to the
hostel. The outer and inner dimensions of the container are shown in
table below

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 MEASUREMENTS OF GENERAL-PURPOSE CONTAINERS.

A truck, as shown below, will transport the containers to the hostels.

• The dimensions of the back of the truck are 1% more than the
dimensions of the container.
• The paint used on the containers covers 8m2 per liter.

Area of rectangle = length × breadth

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2(𝑙 × 𝑤) + 2(𝑙 × ℎ) + 2(𝑤 × ℎ)

2.2.1 Determine the length of the back of the truck (in feet) if it carries a 40-feet (4)
container.

2.2.2 Calculate the area of the back of the truck in m2. (3)

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 2.2.3 Samo claimed that he would use 8 litres less paint to repaint the total (9)
external surface area of the 20 feet container than the 40-feet container.
Verify his claim calculation.

QUESTION 3

An organizer of a science fair has a choice of two cylindrical containers (as shown
below) for display purpose. A decorative label with a 1 cm overlay will be placed
right around the container completely covering the curved surface only.

CYLINDER A CYLINDER B

Diameter = 40cm
Diameter = 30cm Height = 20cm
Height = 30cm

31. Show by means of calculations which cylinder has bigger top (5)
surface area

3.2 Verify, showing ALL calculations, whether cylinder B would require (7)
less material to make decorative labels.

The following formula maybe used:

Curved surface area of cylinder = π × dimater × height, where π = 3.142

SECTION: AREA and VOLUME

LEARNER NOTES

YOU MUST KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING TERMINOLOGY

AND YOU MUST BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE TERMINOLOGY OR EXPLAIN THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING.

• Area – amount of space enclosed within a boundary or perimeter.

• Area is measured in unit2 (e.g., mm2; cm2; m2; km2; in2; ft2; mile2 etc.)
• Volume- measure of how much space an object takes up.
• Volume is measured in unit3 (e.g., mm3; cm3; m3; in3; ft3; etc.)
• Capacity – the maximum amount that something can contain.

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• Capacity measured is measured in mℓ; ℓ; kℓ; gallons; pint; etc.

VOLUME OF A CUBE

VOLUME OF CYLINDER

VOLUME OF REACTANGULAR PRISM

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 VOLUME OF TRIANGULAR PRISM

TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

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 David wants to build a half drum braai. He will use a tight head still barrel,
cut in half. The ANNEXURE below shows the half drum with dimensions that
he is going to use to build the braai.

Use the information on the ANNEXURE to answer the questions that follow

1.1 Determine the radius of the tight head steel drum (2)

1.2 Determine the volume of the half drum that David is going to use to
build the braai.
You may use the following formula:
Volume = π × radius 2 × height. where π = 3,142 (4)

1.3 The braai grid fits over the half drum. The area of the grid is 5%
bigger than the area of the drum braai.
Calculate the area of the grid.
You may use the following formula:
Area = length × width (5)

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QUESTION 2

Malibongwe owns a guest farm with four holiday cottages. He decides to use bricks to
build a braai stand for each cottage. The picture and diagram in ANNEXURE below
show the dimensions and different views of braai stand.

NOTE: There is 10mm mortar (cement mix) between the bricks. The bricks are
rectangular prisms with a length of 22cm each

Use the Annexure to answer the question that follow:

2.1 Malibongwe decides to clear an area to create a uniform 250mm

border around the base of the braai stand (as shown on ANNEXURE).
(a) Determine the length and width of the rectangular area to be cleared (3)
to build one braai stand

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 (b) Hence, calculate the total area of ground (in m2) to be cleared to build (3)
one braai stand.
You may use the following formula:
Area of rectangle = length × breadth
2.2 A is the width of the open space in which the braai grill will fit exactly. (3)
The width, A is equal to the length of two bricks plus the mortar
between the bricks.
Show that A is equal to 470 mm.
2.3 Malibongwe decides to use a rectangular cement slab, B, to cover
part of the braai stand’s top. The cement slab has the following
dimensions:
▪ Thickness/Height = 3,5 cm
▪ Length = 920 mm
1
▪ Width = ( 2 × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘) + 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑟
2
(a) Determine the width of the cement slab (2)
(b) Hence, determine the volume (cm3) of ONE cement slab. (3)
You may use the following formula:
Volume of rectangular prism = length × width × height

QUESTION 3
The Umgababa Men’s Society is responsible for raising funds to take the
mothers in the community on an outing on Mothers’ Day. They decide to
make chocolates and sell them to the community. They use a special
chocolate recipe to make either round or triangular shaped chocolates. The
price of each chocolate is determined by the volume of the chocolate. The
chocolates are covered with foil wrapping.
The diagrams below show the dimensions of the two different shapes of
chocolates
ROUND CHOCOLATES TRIANGULAR CHOCOLATES
(CYLINDER) (TRIANGULAR PRISM)

Radius of the cylinder = 18,5 mm

Height of the cylinder = 10 mm
The triangle has three equal sides.
Each side of the triangle = 50mm

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 Height of the triangle = 43,3 mm
Height of the prism = 10 mm

The following formulae maybe used:

Volume of a cylinder = π × r 2 × h
Total surface area of a cylinder = 2 × π × r × (r + h)
where π = 3.142; r = radius of the cylinder and, h = height of the cylinder

1
Volume of a triangular prism = ×s×h×H
2
Total Surface Area of a triangular prism = (s × h) + 3(s × H)
where s = side of a triangle, h = height of a triangle and H = height of prism

3.1 Determine the volume of a round chocolate (3)

3.2 Determine the Volume of a triangular chocolate (3)
3.3 Determine the total surface area of a round chocolate (4)
3.4 Determine the total surface area of a triangular chocolate (3)

SECTION: PERIMETER, AREA AND VOLUME (INTEGRATED TOPICS)

LEARNER NOTES

Whenever you calculate Perimeter, Area, Total Surface Area, make sure that when you
do substitution all values are in the same unit.

SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

1.1
Two weeks before a final hockey match a concert was held on the hockey
field. The stadium manager inspected the field after the concert and found
that some of the lines on the filed were unclear and part of the grass on the
field was damaged.

The dimensions of the hockey field are length = 98 m and breadth = 72 m

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 The following formulae may be used:

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(l + b)

Area of a circle = π × radius 2 , using π = 3.142

1.1.1 All outside boundary lines (bold lines) have to be re-marked

and one of the goal areas (semicircle) has to be regressed.

(a) Determine the total length of the boundary lines of the (3)
hockey field that need to be re-marked.

(b) Calculate the area of the ONE goal area that has to be (3)
regressed, if the diameter is 32 m.

1.1.2 If it takes 25 minutes to re-mark 8,5 m of boundary (3)

lines, calculate how long, in hours, it will take to remark
100 m of boundary lines

QUESTION 2

2.1 Mpho’s factory has decided to manufacture rectangular concrete dustbins for
the municipality. Below is a drawing and a real picture of the dustbin and the
real measurements are given.

Outside height = 1m
Outside length = 1m
Outside width = 50 cm

DRAWING OF RECANGULAR PICTURE OF RECANGULAR

CONCRETE DUSTBIN CONCRETE DUSTBIN

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2.1.1 The dustbin is made of concrete the is 5cm (3)
thick all the way around. That means that the
inside measurements are as follows:

Inside height = 95 cm
Inside length = 90 cm
Inside width = 40cm

Calculate the volume of the dustbin. Give

your answer in m3.

You may use the formula: V = length ×

breadth × h × height

2.1.2 Calculate the volume of concrete needed to (5)

make ONE dustbin. Give your answer in m3.
(Hint: Calculate the volume of the whole
dustbin subtract the inside volume)
2.1.3 If concrete costs R175, 80 per m3, how much (5)
will it cost to make 50 dustbins

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2.2
People with disabilities have a special parking bays allocated to them
to facilitate access to any venue.

ANNEXURE below shows a diagram of a parking bay for disabled

persons.

The lines of the parking bay, excluding the sign for disabled people,
must be repainted.

Refer to the ANNEXURE and answer the questions that follow

2.2.1 Determine the total length (in metres) of the lines used to mark
the parking bay.

You may use the formula: (5)

Perimeter of a rectangle = (2 × length) + (2 × breadth)

2.2.2 Determine the total area of the lines of the parking bay for
disabled persons, if the width of the lines is 70mm.
(4)
You may use the formula:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ

2.2.3 Calculate the cost of paint required to paint the lines for the (3)
parking bay for disabled persons, if paint costs R205,95 per litre.

Note: 1 litre of paint covers 0,5 m2.

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QUESTION 3

JOHANNESBURG – According to the municipality the water supply in Ekurhuleni was

stabilised on Sunday. Bedfordview and Primrose started receiving water after a period of
shortages. (28 September 2014).

Many similar news articles regularly appeared in newspapers all over the country in 2014.
More people are installing rainwater tanks at their houses to harvest rainwater.
The size of the roof from which the rainwater is collected and the average annual
rainfall in the area, will determine the approximate volume of water which can be
collected over a year.

3.1 Mr. Chidi wants to calculate the volume of water that

he can harvest from his roof. He must first
determine the area of the roof surface from which he
will collect the water. The length of the roof is
22 700 mm, and the slanted height is 4 280 mm. He
will only collect water from one side of the pitched 4 280 mm
roof.

Determine the area of the side of the roof shown in 22 700 mm

the picture, in squared metres.

Use the formula:

Area of rectangle = length × breadth (3)

3.2 The average rainfall in the area in which Mr. Chidi lives, is approximately 638
mm per annum. (2)

Calculate the approximate volume of water (in litres) that he will be able to
collect in a tank over a period of one year, if it is given that:

One millimeter of rain on one square metre of roof equals one litre.

To calculate the approximate amount of rainwater you are likely to harvest per
year, the following formula should be used:

Roof water volume (litres) = average annual rainfall (in mm p.a) × roof area
(in m2) × 85%

3.3 Mr Chidi bought the 4 500-litre tank shown in the scaled picture below. The
diameter of the tank is 1 810 mm and the height is 2 060 mm.

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 4 500 litres

2 060 mm
1 810 mm

(a) Use the 2D picture of the 3D-tank to show whether the capacity of the tank is
more 4500 litres or not.
You may use the formula:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
NB: 1m = 1000ℓ
3

(4)

(b) On 14 December the gauge which he installed on the tank, indicated that
the volume of rainwater in the tank, was
3,76 kilolitre. Calculate the height of the water in the tank on that day, in
metres. Use the formula:

Volume of cylinder = 𝝅 × 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔𝟐 × height

1 kl = 1 m3
Use π = 3,142 (6)

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