GROUP ASSIGNMENT (GROUP 4)

Member Name :

1. Heggy Desmalia (220210204004)

2. Nurul Aini Agustyn (220210204006)
3. Ori Septiana Aisyah (220210204011)
4. Gita Trisilia Oktaviani (220210204014)
5. Refi Aziza Maulidya (220210204067)
6. Fabsyah Farah Zahra (220210204070)
7. Aliyuu Dhea Divana (220210204084)
8. Fatimah Zahra Rahmanisa (220210204087)
9. Dini Anggita Rahma (220210204180)

1. A sentence is a set of words that is complete in it self, typically containing a subject

and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and
consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
2. The basic parts of a sentence fall into two categories: the subject and the predicate.
Know them well, because you can’t have a sentence without them. The subject
performs the action of the sentence. It can be a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause. To
analyze sentences, grammarians have distinguished three kinds of subjects:
• Complete Subject – “The old, dusty books on the table haven’t been read in years.”
The complete subject includes the entire noun phrase — usually everything before
the verb.
• Simple Subject – “books”. The simple subject is the main noun or pronoun
stripped of all modifiers.
• Compound Subject – “The cowardly mailman and the huge, barking dog didn’t
get along very well.” A compound subject consists of two or more subjects linked
together by conjunctions. Note: the simple subject of that sentence would be
“mailman and dog“.

As with subjects, predicates can be classified as complete predicates, simple predicates,

and compound predicates.
 • The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or word group that tells something
about the subject. –

Many people will listen with interest to facts about bugs.

• The complete predicate consists of a verb and all the words that modify the verb
and complete its meaning.

Many people will listen with interest to facts about bugs.

Every sentence has a subject and predicate.

A subject can be a noun or pronoun that is partnered with an action verb.

Example :

Sometimes a verb will express being or existence instead of action.

Example:

Sometimes we use sentences in which a subject is not actually stated, but is, nevertheless,
understood in the meaning.

Example:
A sentence like this gives an order or a request to someone.

Because we use such statements when we are talking directly to someone, we omit the word
you. It is understood in the sentence. Therefore, in statements like this one, we say the subject
is you (understood).

This kind of sentence is an imperative sentence.

A predicate is a verb that expresses the subject's action or state of being.

Example:

Sometimes the predicate will be composed of two or three verbs that fit together - the main
verb preceded by one or more auxiliary (helping) verbs.
IMPORTANT NOTE: To be a predicate, a verb that ends in -ing must ALWAYS have a
helping verb with it. An -ing verb WITHOUT a helping verb cannot be a predicate in a
sentence.

A subject and predicate may not always appear together or in the normal order, as the following
examples show:

d. OBJECT

The next sentence element is Object. The object (sufferer) is the word that is the target of what
the subject does. However, not all verbs have objects. Only transitive verbs require an object.
Meanwhile, intransitive verbs do not require an object, such as crying, boiling, walking, etc.

a). DIRECT OBJECT

The direct object receives the action of the sentence. The direct object is usually a
noun or pronoun.The man builds a house.

The man builds it.

b). INDIRECT OBJECT

The indirect object indicates to whom or for whom the action of the sentence is
being done. The indirect object is usually a noun or pronoun.
 The man builds his family a house.

The man builds them a house.

c). SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

A subject complement either renames or describes the subject, and therefore is

usually a noun, pronoun, or adjective. Subject complements occur when there is
a linking verb within the sentence (often a linking verb is a form of the verb to be).

The man is a good father. (father = noun which renames the subject)

The man seems kind. (kind = adjective which describes the subject)

3. Simple sentence is a sentence that contains only one main clause and no other clauses.
However, a simple sentence is not necessarily an uncomplicated or short sentence
because, in addition to its one main clause, it may contain a variety of phrases and
modifiers. A simple sentence is typically made up of a subject, verb, and object, or
SVO, and creates a complete thought; however, since a simple predicate is a verb or
verb phrase only, a simple sentence can also be made up of only a subject and verb
(SV).
• Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
Example: Jessie ate dinner
• Subject + Verb
Example: Jessie ate
Both of these examples are grammatically correct simple sentences, but including an
object helps to clarify the full idea of the sentence.
A simple sentence can be said to be the same as a independence clause (main sentence).
However, one of the objects or predicates can sometimes be compound. Take note
examples below.
• Ozan and Ozi are students.
• The cat snarled and scratched.
• The woman snarled and drove away.
Modifiers in Simple Sentences
Modifiers are words or phrases that can be included in simple sentences to add more
detail. Let’s see how we can modify the simple sentence used above:
• Jessie ate dinner.
 Adding Articles/Adjectives
• The hungry Jessie ate a large dinner.

Adding Adverbs
• The hungry Jessie quickly ate a very large dinner.
Adding a Prepositional Phrase
• The hungry Jessie quickly ate a very large dinner after a long day at work.

All of these examples still qualify as simple sentences, because they are all independent
clauses that convey a complete thought.

4. Compound sentence is a sentence that combines two clauses that can stand alone,
and is connected by a conjunction or conjunction. One of the benefits of using
compound sentences is to streamline the sentences we will write or express. In a clause
that can stand alone or be an independent clause, we need to use one subject and one
verb. That way, when writing a compound sentence we have to use two subjects and
two verbs, because it combines two independent clauses.
Apart from that, one of the main characteristics of compound sentences is that
they combine two independent clauses using a conjunction or semicolon (;). If we want
to use a conjunction, then we need to use a comma (,) before the conjunction. But, if
we want to use a semicolon (;) we no longer need to use a conjunction.
One of the keys in compound sentences is conjunctions. The conjunction used
in compound sentences is a coordinating conjunction. The conjunction is located
between the independent clauses, namely after the first independent clause and before
the second independent clause. There are several coordinating conjunctions that we can
use in compound sentences. These include: For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. To make it
easier to remember what is included in the coordinating conjunction, it can be shortened
to "FANBOYS".
1). For
Literally, for means "to". However, in the context of compound sentences, for
can have the same meaning as the word because. When for is used, the second
independent clause in this combined sentence will be the reason for the first clause.
Example sentences are as follows:
• She felt cold, for it was raining. (Perempuan itu merasa dingin, karena cuaca
sedang hujan).
2). And
The and conjunction is a conjunction that is generally often used in a sentence.
The function of this conjunction is varied, namely that it can connect clauses of equal
value, be a sign that the second clause occurs after the first clause, and the second clause
is the result of the first clause. Consider the examples below:
• Connecting equivalent value clause: Yogyakarta is in Central Java, and
Bandung is in West Java. (Yogyakarta ada di Jawa Tengah dan Bandung ada di
Jawa Barat).
• The second clause marker occurs after the first clause: There was an earthquake,
and the houses were destroyed. (Terjadi sebuah gempa bumi, dan rumah-rumah
telah hancur).
• The second clause results from the first clause: He slept after midnight, and the
following day he felt sick. (Dia tidur setelah tengah malam, dan keesokan
harinya dia merasa sakit).
3). Nor
The conjunction nor is used in compound sentences when the first clause uses
the negative word neither or never. In this context, both clauses in a compound sentence
are incorrect or do not occur. An example sentence is as follows:
• She can’t wistle, nor can she sing. (Perempuan itu tidak bisa bersiul atau juga
tidak bisa bernyanyi.)
In the second clause, there is an inversion or change of position between the subject
and the auxiliary verb: can is written before she.
4). But
The use of the conjunction but in a compound sentence must be adjusted to the
circumstances of the first clause in contrast to the second clause. For example, as in the
following sentence:
• John ran fast, but he couldn’t catch the bus. (John berlari cepat, tapi ia tidak
dapat mengejar bus itu).
5). Or
The conjunction or is used when joining two alternative clauses. Examples as follows:
• Will Andrew swim, or will Henry swim? (Akankah Andrew berenang, atau
Henry berenang?)
6). Yet
This conjunction has the similar meaning as the conjunction 'but'. If interpreted,
yet has the meaning as "but at the same time", "however", and "but regardless of this."
Example sentences are as follows:
 • I have lived in Bandung my entire life, yet I never knew all the places in this
city. (Aku telah hidup di Bandung seumur hidupku, tapi aku tidak pernah hapal
semua tempat di kota ini).
7). So
Although literally the conjunction so means "too", in the context of compound
sentences, so can mean "because of that" or "and for this reason." Here's an example:
• Jack was feeling sick, so he was absent today. (Jack merasa sakit, karena itu ia
tidak hadir hari ini.)

5. According to Comma Rule In a complex sentence, when the dependent clause comes
first, separate the clauses with a comma. When the independent clause comes first, do
not separate them. Meanwhile, Quirk and friends stated that “complex sentence as, a
simple sentence in that it consists of only one main clause, but unlike simple sentence
it has one or more subordinate clauses functioning as an element of the sentence.”
It means complex sentence is a developed simple sentence, in which consist of one
independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (subordinate clause), and the
relation between them is very tight. The dependent clause usually is introduced by a
subordinate conjunction like who, which, that, whom, because, and so on.
Example of sentence:
1. You should lock the doors before you leave the house.
2. The student who delivers magazines before he goes to school is the cleverest
student in this class.
3. Although John is a good athlete, he does not spend too much time in sports.
4. When the conductor appeared on the stage, the audience applauded loudly.
5. Since that happened a long time ago, I would not hold it again.

Complex Sentence
Independent (Main) Clause Dependent (Subordinate) Clause
You should lock the doors. before you leave the house.
The student is the cleverest who delivers magazines before
student in this class. he goes to school
He does not spend too much time Although John is a good athlete,
in sports.
The audience applauded loudly. When the conductor appeared on
the stage,
Source :

Kohodijah, Siti. 2015. AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCES TRANSLATION IN

NOVEL OF MIRROR IMAGE FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN. (A thesis, Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta State Islamic University).
Rais A. M, 2022. Compound Sentences: Definition, Examples and Translation.
English Academy.
Pauzan. 2021. Complete English Grammar. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta:
PT Cipta Gadhing Artha.
Team, A. 2022. Simple Sentence: Definition, Examples, and Exercises. Albert.