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Week 15 (Part 4) - Integration by Algebraic Substitution

This document discusses integration by algebraic substitution. It provides examples of evaluating integrals using substitution. Specifically, it evaluates the integrals of x^2 * (x^3 + 2) dx, ∫15y^5y^3 - 4 dy, and ∫(x+5)/(x+4) dx by making algebraic substitutions to simplify the integrands. It concludes by listing six integrals for the reader to evaluate as an exercise using substitution.

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72 views9 pages

Week 15 (Part 4) - Integration by Algebraic Substitution

This document discusses integration by algebraic substitution. It provides examples of evaluating integrals using substitution. Specifically, it evaluates the integrals of x^2 * (x^3 + 2) dx, ∫15y^5y^3 - 4 dy, and ∫(x+5)/(x+4) dx by making algebraic substitutions to simplify the integrands. It concludes by listing six integrals for the reader to evaluate as an exercise using substitution.

Uploaded by

qweqwe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 17

TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

Differential and Integral Calculus


Lesson 4:
INTEGRATION BY ALGEBRAIC
SUBSTITUTION

Differential and Integral Calculus


OBJECTIVE:
• evaluate integrals using algebraic substitution

Differential and Integral Calculus


Integration by Algebraic Substitution

If the integrand contains the variable of integration raised


to a rational exponent, it can be simplified by the
substitution:

𝒏
𝒙=𝒛

where 𝒏 is the least common denominator of the rational


exponents.

Differential and Integral Calculus


Example:
Evaluate the following integrals:
1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 න 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
So that
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑
1Τ 1Τ
𝑥3 + 2 = 𝑥3 + 2 2 =𝑢 2

Integrate:
1
𝑢 ൗ2
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 ∙ 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 ∙ 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
1 1
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 ∙ 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ‫ 𝑢 ׬‬Τ2 𝑑𝑢
3ൗ
1 𝑢 2 2 3
2 3
න 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∙ = 𝑢 ൗ2
3 3ൗ 9
2
2 3 2
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 ∙ 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = 9 (𝑥 3 + 2) Τ2 Answer: ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 ∙ 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = 9 𝑥3 + 2 3 +𝐶

Differential and Integral Calculus


2. න 15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 4 3 𝑑𝑦

Solution: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑦 3 − 4
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 = 2 and
3𝑦
𝑦3 = 𝑢 + 4
So that
𝑑𝑢
‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 4 3 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑢3 ∙ 3𝑦2
= ‫ ׬‬5𝑦 3 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
Substitute the value of 𝑦 3
‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬5 𝑢 + 4 ∙ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
න 15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = න 5𝑢4 + 20𝑢3 𝑑𝑢

‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬5𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 + ‫ ׬‬20𝑢3 𝑑𝑢


5𝑢5 20𝑢4
‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = 5
+
4
+𝐶
‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢5 + 5𝑢4 + 𝐶
‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢4 𝑢 + 5 + 𝐶
Answer: ‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 3 −4)4 ∙ (𝑦 3 − 4 + 5) + 𝐶
‫ ׬‬15𝑦 5 𝑦 3 − 5 3 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 3 −4)4 ∙ (𝑦 3 + 1) + 𝐶
Differential and Integral Calculus
𝑥+5
3. Evaluate න 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4
Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 4
𝑢2 = 𝑥 + 4
𝑥 = 𝑢2 − 4
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
So that
𝑥+5 𝑢2 − 4 + 5
න 𝑑𝑥 = න 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑥+4 𝑢
𝑥+5
න 𝑑𝑥 = 2 න 𝑢2 + 1 𝑑𝑢 = 2 න 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 + 2 න 𝑑𝑢
𝑥+4
𝑥+5 𝑢3
‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 =2 + 2𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑥+4 3
3
𝑥+5 𝑥+4
න 𝑑𝑥 = 2 +2 𝑥+4+𝑐
𝑥+4 3

Differential and Integral Calculus


Let 𝑣 = 𝑥 + 4
So that
3
𝑥+4 2𝑣 3Τ2
2 +2 𝑥+4= + 2𝑣 1Τ2
3 3
3
𝑥+4 2𝑣 3Τ2 6𝑣 1Τ2
2 +2 𝑥+4= +
3 3 3
3
𝑥+4 2𝑣 1Τ2 (𝑣 2Τ2 +3)
2 +2 𝑥+4=
3 3
3
𝑥+4 2𝑣 1Τ2 (𝑣+3)
2 +2 𝑥+4=
3 3

Substitute 𝑥 + 4 to 𝑣
3
𝑥+4 2 𝑥+4 1Τ2 (𝑥+4+3)
2 +2 𝑥+4=
3 3
3
𝑥+4 2 𝑥+4 1Τ2 (𝑥+7)
2 +2 𝑥+4=
3 3

Answer:
𝑥+5 2 𝑥+4∙ 𝑥+7
න 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑥+4 3

න
𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 14 𝑥 + 4 + 𝐶
3
𝑥 + 4 Differential and Integral Calculus
EXERCISE:
Evaluate the following integrals:
𝒅𝒙
1. ‫𝟏 ׬‬+ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
2. ‫׬‬ 𝟒
𝒙+ 𝒙𝟑
𝒅𝒙
3. ‫׬‬
𝒙+𝟏
𝒅𝒙
4. ‫׬‬
𝟐𝒙− 𝒙+𝟒
𝟏+𝒙
5. ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙
𝟏−𝒙
𝒙𝟑
6. ‫𝒙 ׬‬+𝟏 𝒅𝒙

Differential and Integral Calculus

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