Student
number
Semester 2 Assessment, 2020
School of Mathematics and Statistics
MAST20009 Vector Calculus
Reading time: 30 minutes — Writing time: 3 hours — Upload time: 30 minutes
This exam consists of 7 pages (including this page)
Permitted Materials
• This exam and/or an offline electronic PDF reader and blank loose-leaf paper.
• Books, notes and printed material are permitted.
• Calculators are not permitted.
Instructions to Students
• There are 12 questions with marks as shown. The total number of marks available is 116.
• If you have a printer, print the exam. If you cannot print, download the exam to a second
device, which must then be disconnected from the internet.
• During writing time you may only interact with the device running the Zoom session with
supervisor permission. The screen of any other device must be visible in Zoom from the
start of the session.
• Write your answers on A4 paper. The first page should contain only your student number,
the subject code and the subject name. Write on one side of each sheet only. Start each
question on a new page and include the question number at the top of each page.
• Assemble your single-sided solution pages in correct order and the correct way up. Use
a mobile phone scanning application to scan all pages to a single PDF file. Scan from
directly above to reduce keystone effects. Check that all pages are clearly readable and
cropped to the A4 borders of the original page. Poorly scanned submissions may be
impossible to mark.
• Submit your PDF file to the Canvas Assignment corresponding to this exam using the
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c University of Melbourne 2020 Page 1 of 7 pages Can be placed in Baillieu Library
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Semester 2, 2020
Question 1 (8 marks)
(a) Evaluate the limit
x3
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) 2x3 + y 4
if it exists. If this limit does not exist, then explain why.
(b) Evaluate the limit
x2 y
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
if it exists. If this limit does not exist, then explain why.
Question 2 (12 marks)
Consider the function
g(x, y) = yexy−1 .
(a) Compute the second order Taylor approximation of the function g(x, y) at the point (1, 1).
(b) Use the approximation found in part (a) to give an approximate value for g(1.1, 1.1).
(c) Write down a formula for the remainder term of the approximation in part (b). [Write
your answer in terms of derivatives of g, these derivatives do not have to be evaluated].
Question 3 (7 marks)
Evaluate the double integral Z 1Z 1
3
yey dy dx.
0 x
Question 4 (10 marks)
Find the maximum value of the function
f (x, y, z) = x + y + z
on the region where
2x2 + 2xy + 2y 2 + z 2 ≤ 15.
Question 5 (10 marks)
Let a and h be positive real numbers. Let Σ be the surface in R3 given by
4ax = y 2 + z 2 .
(a) Find the volume of the region enclosed between Σ and the plane x = h.
(b) Show that the surface area of the part of Σ with x ≤ h is
√
8π a
(a + h)3/2 − a3/2 .
3
Page 2 of 7 pages
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Semester 2, 2020
Question 6 (7 marks)
Consider the surface parametrised by
φ(s, t) = (s(3 − s2 + 3t2 ), t(3 − t2 + 3s2 ), 3(s2 − t2 ))
where s, t ∈ R.
Find an equation for the tangent plane to this surface at the point φ(1, 1) = (5, 5, 0).
Question 7 (10 marks)
Consider a C 3 path in three-dimensional space, with unit tangent vector T, binormal vector
B, and arclength parameter s. Let v be a fixed nonzero vector, and let θ and ϕ be the angles
made between the vector v, and the vectors T and B respectively. Prove that
dθ dϕ
τ sin θ = −κ sin ϕ
ds ds
where κ and τ are the curvature and the torsion of the path, respectively. [Hint: differentiate
the dot products of v with T and B]
Question 8 (10 marks)
Let F : R3 → R3 be a C 2 vector field whose divergence and curl are both zero.
(a) Since ∇ × F = 0, the vector field has a scalar potential φ. Prove that
∇2 φ = 0.
(b) Define the components of F by F = (F1 , F2 , F3 ). Prove that
∇2 Fi = 0
for i = 1, 2, 3.
Question 9 (12 marks)
Let Γ be the curve parametrised by
2t √
γ(t) = sin(πt), , t+1 , for 0≤t≤1
t2 + 1
and let F be the vector field
F(x, y, z) = (a − 4z 2 x)i + 2byj + cx2 zk
where a, b and c are real numbers.
(a) Find all values of a, b and c such that the vector field F is conservative.
(b) If a, b and c are chosen such that F is conservative, compute the work done by F to move
a particle along Γ in the direction of increasing t.
Page 3 of 7 pages
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Semester 2, 2020
Question 10 (8 marks)
Let the curve C be the circle x2 + (y − 3)2 = 9 in the plane z = 2, traversed anticlockwise (when
looking from above). Let
F(x, y, z) = (yz + ecos y , xz 2 − x sin y ecos y , log(1 + z 2 )).
Evaluate the integral Z
F · ds.
C
Question 11 (10 marks)
p
Let Σ be the unit hemisphere z = 1 − x2 − y 2 , oriented with upward pointing unit normal.
Define a vector field
F(x, y, z) = (2 cos(yz 3 ), log(1 + z 2 ), 12(x2 + y 2 )).
Determine the flux of F across the surface Σ in the direction of the upward pointing unit normal.
Question 12 (12 marks)
Define a curvilinear system of coordinates (u, v, w) by
x = cos u cosh v, y = sin u sinh v, z = w.
(a) Determine whether these coordinates are an orthogonal coordinate system.
(b) Show that the volume element is
dx dy dz = (sin2 u + sinh2 v) du dv dw.
(c) Compute
∇2 ((u2 + v 2 ) cos w)
in terms of u, v and θ.
End of Exam — Total Available Marks = 116
Turn the page for appended material
Page 4 of 7 pages
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Semester 2, 2020
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Formulae Sheet
VECTOR IDENTITIES
Let f and g : R3 → R be scalar functions, F and G : R3 → R3 be vector fields, and β ∈ R be
any constant.
1. ∇(f + g) = ∇f + ∇g
2. ∇(βf ) = β∇f
3. ∇(f g) = f ∇g + g∇f
f g∇f − f ∇g
4. ∇ = provided g 6= 0.
g g2
5. ∇ · (F + G) = ∇ · F + ∇ · G
6. ∇ × (F + G) = ∇ × F + ∇ × G
7. ∇ · (f F ) = f ∇ · F + F · ∇f
8. ∇ · (F × G) = G · (∇ × F ) − F · (∇ × G)
9. ∇ · (∇ × F ) = 0
10. ∇ × (f F ) = f ∇ × F + ∇f × F
11. ∇ × (∇f ) = 0
12. ∇2 (f g) = f ∇2 g + g∇2 f + 2∇f · ∇g
13. ∇ · (∇f × ∇g) = 0
14. ∇ · (f ∇g − g∇f ) = f ∇2 g − g∇2 f
15. ∇ × (∇ × F ) = ∇(∇ · F ) − ∇2 F
Note:
The identities require f, g, F and G to be suitably differentiable, either order C 1 or C 2 .
Page 5 of 7 pages
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Semester 2, 2020
IDENTITIES FOR ORTHOGONAL CURVILINEAR COORDINATES
Let f : R3 → R be a C 2 scalar function and F : R3 → R3 be a C 1 vector field where
F (u1 , u2 , u3 ) = F1 (u1 , u2 , u3 )e1 + F2 (u1 , u2 , u3 )e2 + F3 (u1 , u2 , u3 )e3 .
Then
1 ∂f 1 ∂f 1 ∂f
1. ∇f = e1 + e2 + e3
h1 ∂u1 h2 ∂u2 h3 ∂u3
1 ∂ (h2 h3 F1 ) ∂ (h1 h3 F2 ) ∂ (h1 h2 F3 )
2. ∇ · F = + +
h1 h2 h3 ∂u1 ∂u2 ∂u3
h1 e1 h2 e2 h3 e3
1 ∂ ∂ ∂
3. ∇ × F =
h1 h2 h3 ∂u1 ∂u2 ∂u3
h1 F1 h2 F2 h3 F3
2 1 ∂ h2 h3 ∂f ∂ h1 h3 ∂f ∂ h1 h2 ∂f
4. ∇ f = + +
h1 h2 h3 ∂u1 h1 ∂u1 ∂u2 h2 ∂u2 ∂u3 h3 ∂u3
Note:
Equations 1-4 reduce to the usual expressions for cartesian coordinates if
h1 = h2 = h3 = 1; e1 = i, e2 = j, e3 = k; (u1 , u2 , u3 ) = (x, y, z).
Page 6 of 7 pages
MAST20009 Vector Calculus Semester 2, 2020
INTEGRATION FORMULAE AND IDENTITIES
Z Z
sin x dx = − cos x + C cos x dx = sin x + C
Z Z
sec x dx = log | sec x + tan x| + C cosec x dx = log | cosec x − cot x| + C
Z Z
sec2 x dx = tan x + C cosec2 x dx = − cot x + C
Z Z
sinh x dx = cosh x + C cosh x dx = sinh x + C
Z Z
2
sech x dx = tanh x + C cosech2 x dx = − coth x + C
Z Z
1 x 1 x
√ dx = arcsin +C √ dx = arcsinh +C
a2 − x2 a x2 + a2 a
−1
Z x Z
1 x
√ dx = arccos +C √ dx = arccosh +C
a2 − x2 a x2 − a2 a
Z Z
1 1 x 1 1 x
dx = arctan +C dx = arctanh +C
a2 + x2 a a a2 − x2 a a
where a > 0 is constant and C is an arbitrary constant of integration.
cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1
1 + tan2 x = sec2 x 1 − tanh2 x = sech2 x
cot2 x + 1 = cosec2 x coth2 x − 1 = cosech2 x
cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
cos 2x = 2 cos2 x − 1 cosh 2x = 2 cosh2 x − 1
cos 2x = 1 − 2 sin2 x cosh 2x = 1 + 2 sinh2 x
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
cos(x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y cosh(x + y) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y
sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y sinh(x + y) = sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y
cosh x = 1
2 (ex + e−x ) sinh x = 1
2 (ex − e−x )
eix = cos x + i sin x
cos x = 12 eix + e−ix 1
eix − e−ix
sin x = 2i
√ √
arcsinh x = log(x + x2 + 1) arccosh x = log(x + x2 − 1)
1 1+x
arctanh x = log
2 1−x
Page 7 of 7 pages
