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BE aus
Currant - flew changes
=a cleebumg
hector,
> Sn
_ With Heth
z Convectional Curse”
(orticen a concuating cendude made Lp oe eh Kare:
he of Nie: elacivong at Ree tempnratpre . Hoelea 5 floes In
dijoura directions wth diferent veleTty and hence the rot
velocity 43 za ond Cursent lew is ZO, on a ymale
potenti’ Lifferen ce AS Oyyliek bua the trap endl GF te
whe, the curraterct rwil? flew tools Ue positive ekeAnodbe.
Hence, there isa curcant pew tewandss the pasttive
termiral and. Bipesite te that, He convertional cocirk
ploy *
Gnade a. conduator through whit Tre elecbens ose
fleeing watt o. vebootty vin Hmedt, The héstance taudlled by
the chonges wilt de vxdts
het'n “Use Fhe rip. of chaveges and! the, clogs vobn2 ax
Ais the arta o Cros Section,
The: areeunt of changes Comes (og Ha, conducts in trad
i) dy x
eV dene#
=a. neay ee Ney
hn
Consider: a. chemical cote Aawing Aue lecBiales, one is
Crank otk Lb In, the vesacl Zs felled cuitth. Sulphuric ace
bid pores the cle Arolyte Lk Bions pom x Chto
Haul tecouph the gelation and gets Aypestted en Ua.
Zinc Che dtendh. Hence, Gx chetioke with become 416 Aarge
and Xn wik bee dorge The raise Atadtion net
povible due te Be Hamitat Cquetions Y the tuo.
Ccbwdes awe conneckeal Ly whe, The Cwrart LO fom.
tn de Cw again Hence, tre cuxronit ubjee pew contintscaly
ftom Cu #2 Zn di te tite chebcodles Jas the sant
charge oh hey wilt go te BNKI0 Sm? ()
= 6.92 =3,
| T= loAmpext <4 10 hy
ae
oe
nel ge 3
&,.92 x70 hop,
Volume gh imete. of Capes) = mass
horses
a
=e F110 ky
8921107 kp /nd
“6
= GS 1-10 2
3
Mectron donatty of Cr, (n) =
602x107
TDK i x egy om
a SEX Io sa
i
= G4 110% [Pani
DT =neayg
33 =
10= 29410 x 1.6 x07 Ty 5.310107 % ue
= 44. 46 64 xo y,
10 x0
44 Big
4 e. 4. 224x168
9- 234 xp £ hy ee oF nae
7 v Vere tire I 0. 43 pry Colcitze nese
poe Uke Lorgip. Bene
' 4 (Pe BEN ease)
| T4-e poterctiog
Yerconce F lo Vels a3 mointoineds acces
w)m Length of ee j ;
We ie 2 wre, Whatis the creveat in
Ks “ae
A
Re Me me Me Sie
£ A SS 22
TK @. 32/1107 Dm
SNe Nie et
22 Xx 6-32) % 07%
> 0.5 eB
0-103 X22
a 4-69 2m
Sy. = 10
RK 4-63 be
Bee 2.
J) The susistivity ea foods Anemiun aluminitan alley &
SIX 10" Dm. Ashact = tha material 515 cm Long, 60m
wide and 0,014. om Dich . Dilermine jesirtere Sula
The tue ends, tue sicles .
R- pL. sIK107 x F077 se] 3
2 - Fa
\ v 6X 0.018 _ ¢1GIK 10 > ; “4
- FRI 5. o.0l4 wo % tha MO
( 40
Iyxoxto is
0.06 Lt .
4xio"
The xesistance of the whe used fore debephora Sig,
When the weight of the wire. Shy lim) Tp tae pasisthy 9:
| ; a
i 95x10, What isthe crass sectional axcea Gf etre.
eee be te sesstanck of the log. te a subsctbs gf,
eee eecchange df wire op tha some preilesioh but
welphing 20k 9 [Km (5 used.
Re 25 7
- Pe 0. (72 IS eS )
R= pL
A
A = To yiaae
3
= 0.0557 Kg?
= 5. 5} 79/0 es pee gle
mek - EB ft
bh |e
D PAA Fem F FTX 0 In?
3D 20k) Km. e
L= FST MN 99
EE
oF
POG 4X07 F
R= eh
A
= 7.9 os s
“IF X10 “x 46x10
22.254% \0°7
a) 22a
22.284.
Rests te. secs x poe
Resetance :
‘ i, %
ea Se
|
Vv
Covent 8 Same te all the reskstges + I
levitra r¥,
Poe sip ips: TReF (Rr eth)
Ra hth +s
et
GG Ge
wv
lodudonce
connected in sorties and Ha oo
Llen cle soststs si
T flee Hstough. cha circuit and a poterdiol Vis appling
; < 2g i Constant
acres the He resist, Cert oo ee Reese
ai
the 3 vests arc Hee curser
Rusistows ih pevalld
Hie
The xoststou Rt and R, we connected nr poralll
nk a polonticl Vis applied aacsetcigs Lhom fom men) ank
[, flowg ahscough K, anh Te flouhs hough ke tind L fee
ecouphe KS. ee ees ait
ac ES (Sp A, bait Perpoct tely axe
jeorseted SA. het prtertiol Loaner must BE
janice te Ptp In eb that total peuve of Wo
may be abserbed ?
#4
ee Pe ¥;
ron _ 7R.
ae
| nae
Ces
—— ZNly35 2555
Vas
ieee eee ree et a Ga)
Rp axs0 3x20 Ay Fe 2: is
1 \ Si
oy 304 20+ (5 +12 ae
$0
le AT
Fe lo
f
fp 2 po
qt
a 6a
Kyo 0.7%
Rey
R
s
[OO eV
Ont eee ee wh
Bast eae teeta fed he FRB OY ayo
4 mPos, Eh, émA . The voltage dog acrcers gm
ig
fea. The dick Voters clissipated 0. Detormis Zee
aistana s bnanchesunk etal.
4
a
6
f-2+5+3 +], of
Beare Sit 6 pw
gq
o Ise
hey [Eau ca
Ry J,
t 6=y
a oO ts
aoe B Ss
M ‘ \ 6= 200
Ra 2m E = %
Az F
fees 3= 200
Kh =50 On 6
i oa
{ oa
ty-y ce
Ry Was
R
+
= 206
F= 200% 200
R
ertttete a
eet R= 2664200
Bo
oe lial
S000 50 4D 33 y iyi F000 a Lai
nt i FEOAOTTERK 6 TAL CAMIONEML Af AWE NT PLAS
* ol Ans fhe pacer, Liseirited J,
ise y 2 Pour, Casirited tn 28 geonieton 1s 96), ha
Lt ge Aron, arcs 3A f. , ‘
yolk A mS (OOS; iy Ya total apoent sd
a aamps. Pind F, ys oR,
s Y= 100 1. 2
Bp =O) lise
! = On) camps :
RK, = loo
o-l
R= loo 2. aes
Wau (r-¥)
A,
ge
100¥I00 _ Ry
3
Ry =3.333K 52
Bans
ey
22(3 —
3, 33x107
Ly 093
Ee F,- LE, = 0-1 -0-08 = 0.07A
at
Ry = = oo = l4rgk a
sy 0-07
RR, thy + Ry = FT ko, r a —
| i= 2, | soy
14 rs
Nontons Leroi:
Bi
TO) shows netibeik enclosed fre bei uli. tus
terminals A 7B Preeught ect,
ae Ss Gyittbrt Heat.
fi Bot
iy
The netiverk mou ee ndimrteort Gh cesletonces arch
mefis conneded’ in any manne,
According te Neden, tho entice am
B can Le suplaced by a Mal pote Ty i in pevecdiieh
ith scecietance Ry,
oot
)
The Its Stam co By is miler to Ragy 1) Cobculete R ef the fetlewing Ctmbunations fain ay
voltage dig. accah cack xositlana Whee potential Chey, gy
o
60Velts t3 yylich acre: tus-points a2arkb.
sR
Rey te Vary
gr 2 gL ioe een
‘ B vs Page
¥ yidtiee 20 ?
bah 2 10 -D~Fal
6 p-—— Ver Kee 203
0. 1% BR ‘
Rp - fs = 20 2k
(5.5, i
ee o.25 Fan ey = 4 2-h
Vow I Ep.+fs =2Pag
a
4 )2
ets = RL.
Fr
Telal resistance > |2 2
TVE 60 Retal and Ry
Vz Ie Ret Ry > Va IR = 5x82 40/
J
Vv =
0 30V¥ | 0
ee ee
Be pu ie ie
V2Ilk V2Gk
20 20 ~ Grip
e +
iat ya a ~~ 4 onracted in sosfes wlth 2 PeeaisonLes
oh & IF ohms “Stresirtonce mgt be ghurted
aS ARIS parallel combincction coy at cha tetet- vont
pu be 1-5 Amp LWA 2Vrotonin 9 applied
r
R
j3P JOSE fan
g Is
R, 5
20V
Ve 1K,= Lexi0=15V
Ps a anal
- "
= IIR r-
Wale | Ve Wi | reais
yl
a i 2 »5= 0, 6+F,
z 5 E 1 0. 6+4g
|, 5-0,627,
T= 03 aged, : B (ek) =42
QR
ISK, —R,> = ta fs
-)2 -6
R?-1eR 21220
@-)(R-8) =o
Rel2, CG, Ver De Ae ee g a 230 V, ae pn
ype ukat B tha vebse 6 tps 50, applic. Be cueet is
2 a of PRs iste that nat too connected
por PONCE Morel ea Der L-16 Pops
)= 124
T=l6A
V=IR, v= IR,
230=12 Ry 230 _ Rp
be
19016 2
Ry Rp = Iq Ste
Sel
Bp ; 7
alee 2 ee
14 -3Ir 19.18 Re
/ L
Sete
las.3Ts (1K (a
o-01t =
R
2.
Kee!
o-ort t Se By CO /JOTEET® tee
= The algeliaic scum Of cunrent al any J ta
{
She a y= Chee urrmeysy 4 t
The Qrreunt Of current cribocing the ; beay) 3
i o i . 4
Jancllon fla»,
/ On
Charges with net acaunulate al any ports
Bt tatty Sees
Kachags a Vebtogs Law):
The Aeebiaic sum of whe valtegs beeps F Sum gent -¢
ZIR, + E=o,
ROR,
0
ft FRE) + E=o,
E
fn convection
ae +e ¢ ye
—o- flor
sine f 1p. Olentigd ye Aotende Ez we Re a
i," A s
pilin plentoh Bae 5
v A? petentad
Gre)
wore Gigee | ultom we cerside AB thane is seize In
ppterctiol Kecuuse, The battery ig -vette +e, the crf id tVe
Eyom. Fper2 te pesitiye Is frst Gerd hence Arar fp yl
1p potential, the emf is —ve
Fron Fqves wher we cong ich ALE, He avewnt iy
lousing fom A>B hance tare js a ful in prertiol
fot is The enrxank fan pore higher potartiol Be
leno. patertiol, hence, itis ye, On the
From fig 4 thon we consider from A> B, He
weort T, hence thew. 7s reise ” potential he rolue
Webra pe .
broblom .. *
= Corsiles PCF A Loe,
- (LBP =0
G De, =
Binder VPEFC,
+2 Kp I EAL +5 )%- 0
528 + Gree peg ete =
2 = FO2)
pe
obey 55
i
a” Byes as
+i
yi
G2 eet
2D, = gO froin ‘
Callcadeite the T fn 2~2.
JGrsilin pecrn,
D) 6PEF
EDC pee
+35 = 3I, - Gtk -o
40 5S = aie
a ea 2 iD )-¢
4° -4T, - 20 az, =»
Baoan og
Dee 40°-21)-6L-0
F2t, +52, =35 30 40= 22/462, 2p
aA CLEFA.
GisC) )
clipes “15, :
Oe tas -Jo ayo ese
Zor = a> .
718d, 275 La 4 i Lo ;
}i,
\ ss Lom tt :
7
t oO “
were theptem
vel
“aeelZt + mash theewm :
Cuucrceril -
Assign each mesh a Apondle mesh
ABDA = cued Ls T,
PEPB> cwodenl 15T,
=,
A CL
F cs 18 pte ede
inte 2 2 col +f te be Chetee
ee convinken® » Hh i“ owe some
i * a +
oo Zmesh covvwrds plecwing thang Te
nv ~~ =i, 4 Pe oe ee... 2 ee je
4g = 481, - 16Ey
B aN qT, a
v—
fae 4aT,
T, = by.
IT, . 183 /
j2- 6 (le 89) - aT,
(a-1Rbs - aT,
x 0-6 Bt. ag,
[oe Ee) [Ea-0w
So, L, can be anlfclod wise - Pe ¥
L, he ig Gites 0
3 ANY ; eis Vv
2 — 5
hi tn. | a
A Li md
x, F427 fa
Tn @BCFA,
39 - 2, elo + 51,=0.
CO 2s)
at, - 5,2 2650
In CDEFC,
iC Wipe = 42a FI, + 1lo=-o0
Sei ule
a Ab i -%L +10=0
= sh) = 127, +los e726
Wy +i2Lboes
4T, -52,=305@
ah tot, = bi 20)
“7 25T, = i4o
O@ _AF) Gap = 10
Pena IS
- ee Tn CBee,
Jn nao,
50 -6el1,-#ll, -1) +0
so “67, -s1 +3 -0
5] - 12-0
NI, -5Z, = 50 70
Th BCFG,
-I8,- f(T,-T,) - 52, -Z)= 0
“6-45, +40,-5£+5L,=0
-HE +5, +41,-0
in COEF,
48) “+ -L) > 0
44, - 48, r4L-0o
“PL + 4E=o ,
Seg ts
SS
fis
ee! el), +50, ees
TL AST ab oo, le a Applying: Kaachetg:s yotegs ° pet a tle » 4
2 feetl in proterchol Es pio, 1
dds gin sve Sign,
1 proterdial ds gin rve Signy
af ag C wil 44 negali ve ‘ ¥
oF any Usoten g e, UY, dh
=
i DY the velue
B anti- clockiuise.
ABDA,
=e3, 0%, (7, -I) + Ejeo
B= Riyal =o (ay =
B= RI,+ bL- &h-O
Bene,
“RT, Ey - Rs (Ip -I)=0
oe el ee
KI\-&T, -BE- & og
Values
rae Er6rV, RB = 20.9
z= gos
Rye 20-2.
Oso, “+ a ery
65 =
+1 [ee oa
oe 2a Tr be Aue
\J,- 5Iy=0
io of 2
| zlol =f50
ey
£,-5iL=0
\ Fa We
| fe rE,
Ti =1A
;
) (ede
Dlloing Mesh analysis, Hird the currant jn 502.2502, 1c02
| seesstor., a
Ot) 78 208
} DL 250-2.
ve IR
loov a
Ta Tg ~4 208-0. 2:4) 2 =0, 519
(2)
i=
EG Bae T= 0
SB Bcre, =
| Hye - oD, - 150 GF, L)- eT, Lh) = 0
~ SOT, -isol+isol -leoL+ l0oT,=0
ephE 200r, =
Dd 5 Bae 2 Sol -100T,-0
z 4 wo 1ST, - 02,
100 -i,) —250L,— 100=
(4-% 3 fF nana
jOOUs —/00 Le = Gp Taeeo 41 -3f0.5)-25,=0 ee.
fool, - 350.T,=)00 4T,.- 22, = 7, ee
()
— 100
~ jot, - 39T, «109
9
‘O> 40L,- lgol,= 40
Te
2 Xp 461, = d01, = 1S
Be (7a) ees (ae a
4, - &L0. 208) = pale
AT O-4)6 2) 5-
40, = IS = 0. 46
Le [084 ~
a
i Omri) Pe Na en oe ae eae I ae
22
ABEFR,
we -1001, -10 Gr; =) HIS=0
-(00F, ~10L, +10L + !S= 0
— 0T, +10, +1s=0
Nol, -l0T, = 1s
5 mens ee eae
aes
BCDEB,
20D, — 13 - (0(F;- 4) 0
2200 -102, +10L, 213
Jol, +0, = 8 °@
ad, ¢ =F
iol, Sou — Ss
a
10 (0-23) +104, = 12
2.3 Toma"
lob, = 13> ) gk Pk
fh Ww aed : oh,
:
ol A ht = Ho v
| 1 Ty
osal Dp
a KD AL
ABETA,
-30001, ~ (000 (1, ~ T) © d000 L, +100 = @
“2000 T, - 10001, +1000 T, ~2000T, +00 = 6
—6000T, + 1000 T, Fico» ©
= 100
-60T, + 10D, +1=0
Gol, - 10T, -1=0
60L = 02,5120
Cae
BC DEB, [67, -T =o)
-150IT, - 130 -So00T, - 12 (z,-T)) -0 O tx Wr test, ~ WF
SG .
SOG NGL, SIs, 0
cf] ft} t
slo i ; 19
(
ty : 2. an
~
as
-/500L 5 = 190 = S00 L s
i 2-120 ~ 500 L, - jooo T+ 1000, =o
= #000 1, Fl000T, =120
I, = Be 0.13
6 jG = OLY
16 le.
ne
yt 270- TP
=
eG
oe
a
pe
443(0.04) = 9.13
wl 0l 13-0.)
Ez ow| Toi ke) S 0-0) paos
Erte ‘Oe! ff 0-09
= 0,14
at, ——
— foyorite 5 Thien
1
A 1
B | I
gig Liapan shews the natn erclasedl in ow
with Fue thxrrinads aand b brought Out ;
ste nilinsth In the bec, may contin aepraie
in any mmarntt.
ob
ost ancl Oni sources connraited
te Thevenin, He entice COE
can be veepleiad bye
Rth
(Fa)
Ye
Aucrdirg
tinrnevrs Aardt&
StH i, decies wile slifa seslsanct
Hird Lhe
ingte BOVE
Thevenin’s ¢ abs veal
cocurt i. Ry + Re
An linear, bittierolk nctierks howing Henmincls
aed b can be suglaced 4 single wrk & Fog Ey db
ANA & 7 c ne
wttes tth ces TAN te Ky. Boe
Tih Bk
The Cmf Ep fsa Uslinge ebtainal cures ie
inals Rand B wit Ry xemoved, eae TES On Gee
Acurt yettage hituizen the Herminols AGB.
The sattana Ry te measueecl betwee Oe
But Leo Ver. »p0 andl Ont spent Mopac by de trier (ilerunae 2s OO “Sao
*%
ae nt S0WKL5 $
5; by shat cineutts. Thea cure OS aay
Ye pon WIRES *
#1)
aT a
~The Enof Ee ig the voltage Qos He Lrninaly
an b wit Lead, (&) nemo
> With R, disconnected, trong j ine coxcait ink, i
ll be voting anes. ye a eee
) 9, pe ‘
, find Ri, 2@move the ocd Ri. andl niyploce the bat boy
1 slot COncdt hecesue tt fnterral HOMSCAMAP th
puree de be Karo,
thew resistance measured Ottmor: AN cond
r ll be Ar
e;
C 2. " 4 yd @.
R, and Ry asa "in peccllll anid this combo isn Cet
efes wih. Rp. ¥,
Rip= Bs 4
Bit Re
Whan load, & conned thy Rand B, then oxen
he Load,
I sy
BB)
Bing Thaventn 5 theerem, find He corer tn
sn Kebister [batty basa scosistance of ID,
3S SI,
; ea
4g 62, Rp
& O esti Fry “isthe xwistance he nahh macawed
pele AGS uth Lead sermroved and sew g tr
vane by thetic dyiternal sets tpncos
Tileek volloge sources are seiplaced By shertt
Gnu. Lheeh wwercrnt seurrces ace np daced Ly Pr
Wines:
When Ae Terminals AGB ove ashewt cixcuitel, Thy is He
odpm cuscreent”
K=8, + %&R
Rata
gis 5 (er6) + &
Ea
=v _ Vv Ce)
R!
als
Shot Grout
cutee oie 9 tir,
K RAR) + RR,
V CBR)
RRR BR +E — Ee
was este
parker
WY
veker®) x
ih D yeh
BE t Ry tah he
perset SB
5 Te did Rw.
Remove rth toad f.., eeplace she betty by sy
Geukt because IK =0.
Codie tet)
Ky = &y + RRs
E,+Bs
D Uhing Nerten ss Heorem, find fe cusestent Fn 212. res tat oe,
Veluts,- netieles k
Ca
V>aov, Ra4p k= 5p G62, Fxg 2
Ry= 5 + 4x6 RL 44 5d
4t6 ae te
2 oe 4h + 20 = 2442
1g io al
= Pra
=T 4
ie
‘y- (ie
20°F 50s .
Paoblom 25°
wig hewirivls thatonsrrn 4d
aerted * ;
it: = bS rsioter
= “pind Be pumove
velfoge &ckosen A ond
pe ret amt Se
pi Bia’
a -3v =\5V-
Tetomh emp= OV:
otal reistamel = UtS=4 2
tte
ae "ee oo
Re xe Se
7s 3%
Te frd Ry’ nomove 62 sasister 2 agli o5 110-6 a Dua 7
a pox &. a:
0
foto a6:
“ed Be poerbal ditterual oxrers AB
{lavemin ‘ o
wry
; _ oe af
a
——#. |
s
bobn i
be ed fo tnd EM saree
wumowe (02 ADHA pm . = aie
t @mps 4-b 28 fe heap sere Abeta 9.
ca “ae
Ee sew.
ne —_
seers:
te
‘pial mstobeme = mee)
bye +
ewssan Ses Be OL TA ,
Win = 4— (5t0:197) -
= 4-6. P35 “
3, eadin to ted i,
“Ind and naploce Batty by Stock
teas
| Chreuth : t
Rea ee
ll , =6
