CHAPTER I

VICTUS DYEINGS

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Victus Dyeings is a leading vertically integrated knits firm respected as a market leader
due to "quality-rich and timely" service capabilities.Established in the year 1989, Victus
Dyeings has ensured more than one billion meters of garment supply in a span of almost
a decade. Service and delivery excellence of Victus resulted in significant number of
referral customers and this trend continues forever.

Victus Dyeings is a future-focused fully integrated knit fabric process house with Tubular
and Open width range, ensuring quality assurance services to international customers.
Victus focuses on Knitting, Dyeing, Finishing, Lay Cutting and Printing - Rotary as well
as Chest Print. The garments that our customers receive are outcomes of technically
qualified, experienced and skilled team of professionals' expertise at Victus.

Field work training is a part and parcel of the social work education. It helps the social
work trainee to get hand on training with regard to what the trainee has learned in theory.
As part of field work training the social work trainee was placed in VICTUS

DYEINGS, UDUMALPET

Victus is about wonderful combination of traditional values with

advanced machinery producing a unique blend of creative designs and rich quality
garments. Pride in offering endless blends of fibers.

1.2 VISIONARY LEADERSHIP

Victus is headed by A. Loganathan, Chairman, the founding
president of the forward-looking organization. Victus has attained this enviable position
from a humble beginning due to the visionary leadership of the founders. Thanks to the
leadership guidance and customer focused practices - Victus offers outstanding services
to customers with diligence, quality and resourcefulness.

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1.3 LOCATION

 A bustling town in the Southern part of India, Tirupur is predominantly a textile knit
city. Tirupur is the manufacturing capital of internationally renowned formal, casual
essentials as well as sportswear brands.Agile & Eco-friendly Infrastructure

 Victus has deployed cutting-edge computer systems that are connected with internet
for immediate access protected by secure mechanism.

 Eco-friendly measures define each and every process as well as system of Victus,
which unique forte that none can match.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING

 To learn about the functions of various departments.

 To develop and improve business skills.

 To build strength, teamwork spirit and self-confidence.

 To experience the business environment.

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 CHAPTER II

PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION

2.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

VICTUS GARMENTS is Blooming enterprise in Udumalpet,The hub of Indian knit
garment industry near Coimbatore of Southern India, which is well connected with
Chennai, Coimbatore Airports as well as .

It was started in 2006, by the entrepreneurs, with a such experience of the knitwear
industry.being young-blossom it is able to adapt to the changing business scenario and
adapt to the latest technology.

In VICTUS GARMENTS, they are producing first premium quality goods and they are
exporting to many countries in Europe. Victus garments is a trusted name in market for
offering huge array of clothing items. This firm is a partner concern and doing a
commendable job by manufacturing, supplying, and exporting of cloth items. Their entire
range is exclusively designed keeping in mind the trends of fashion prevalent in the
market. Their product earned huge appreciation for its wide availability in different
colours, shrink resistance and good quality of fabrics.

VICTUS GARMENTS is a member of reputed associations like Victus Export

Promotion Council and Textile Committee

2.2 INFRASTUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION

In this company, the workers produce the high quality of goods at the right time
is also mainly because of good infrastructure of the organization. With the installation of
world class machines and sophisticated technology at their manufacturing plant, they are
efficiently offering an unbeatable range of apparels in international market. The
infrastructural building comprises different units that are proving enough space and
facilities according to the task being carried out in the irrespective departments. For the
success of this above company. infrastructure of the company also plays a role for their
achievements.

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PRODUCT RANGE

They do all types of garments for their valuable clients base spread all over the world.
Their products cover all section, be it kids, ladies, men for occasions, casual, formal,
nightwear, etc.

VISION OF THE ORGANIZATION

 The vision is to be a globally reputed apparel manufacturer, including distinctive

recognition for product, performance, process and people.

 To supply high quality products and services to the buyer.

MISSION
Achieve profitable growth through productivity, innovation, quality,
consistency and commitment.

 To provide implied needs of the customer where all goals are geared towards the
same goal.

 To attain good quality, competitive prices and on time delivery.

 To offer innovative, customized and value-added services to customers.

 To empower our employees with the skills to conduct the business, providing our
company a reasonable and consistent profit.
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ORGANIZATION PROFILE:

NAME : VICTUS DYEINGS

NATURE OF BUSINESS : FACTORY / MANUFACTURING

ADDRESS : 144A- 2, PALANI MAIN ROAD

MYVADIPIRIVU.P.C.642128,.
UDUMALPET,TIRUPUR.

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT : 2006

MANAGING DIRECTORS : MOHAN SHANKAR

COMPANY STATUS : ACTIVE

NO OF EMPLOYEES : 2000

TYPE OF FIRM : PARTNERSHIP

TELEPHONE NO : 9566547090

EMAIL ID : [email protected]

WEBSITE : www.victus.in

GST NUMBER : 33AACFV4420D1ZQ

EXPORTING COUNTRIES : UK AND GERMANY

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 CHAPER III

3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Organizational Chart

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 CHAPER IV
FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENTS

4.1 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

i. MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT
ii. SAMPLING DEPARTMENT
iii. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
iv. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
v. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
vi. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
vii. FINANCE AND DOCUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

4.1.1 MECHANDISING DEPARTMENT

Merchandising department works as a mediator in between factory and
buyers. This department is considered as the heart and soul of the company. They
coordinate with buyers for orders, send garment samples for buyer approval and receive
comments on samples and other approvals.
Merchandiser prepares the bill of materials, prepares garment costing
sheet and follows up of production activities. Basic information such as type of fabric,
colour, print, embroidery, weight in grams, etc are collected from the buyer. And he
oversea the order right from the time the order has been received till calculating account
profitability and shipment.
This department coordinates with buyer, various departments within the
organization, suppliers and job workers logistics outside the company. The merchandiser
workout on the quantity of raw materials required for production. The amount of
requirement of the product and cost and price is fixed. After the shipment he carry out the
payment follows up. Hence the merchandiser has overall control over the order.

4.1.1.1 Functions
 Garment costing based on orders
 Production scheduling
 Approval of designs and patterns
 Follow up of pre-production activities
 Development of new garment styles and samples
 Coordinating with the inspection agencies
 Reporting the progress of orders to the buyers as well as top management
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4.1.2 SAMPLING DEPARTMENT
Sampling of garments is given great emphasis. It determines the approval of future orders
from buyers and fetches business for a garment manufacturing or export company.
Sampling is one of key elements of the pre-production processes in a garment industry.
Before a manufacturer produces bulk orders, a prior sampling of styles is done to get
approvals and jump start the fabrication of garments, The various samples will be
provided to the buyer before each and every process of production. If there occur any
changes the product is then redesigned according to the buyer's requirement. Sampling is
not just for buyers, but the manufacturers can also derive estimates of yarn consumption
for development of fabric, dyeing, printing, and stitching cost for a particular style or
pattern given by the buyer. Companies can have a separate sampling department or a
merchandiser, who works closely with the sampling section to source raw materials, and
processes for developing a quality product for an affordable price.

Sampling includes details like a product/style code or a reference number, color

specifications, kind of fabric, composition, description, quantity, and details of
embroidery, buttons, zippers, or any other sort of accessories used. Hence it can be said
that samples of garments work as a bridge between buyers and the producers.

There are many people who are involved directly and indirectly in the process of
sampling. Designers, buyers, individuals engaged in sourcing and purchasing, production
team, quality control personnel, and the costing department at different levels work
closely on the sampling of garments.

There are various types of samples that are developed by manufacturers depending on the
requirement of their respective buyers. The following is a list of different kinds of
samples used in the garment export industry:

Promotional samples or salesmen samples are developed to procure orders from

retailers. These are good quality samples, which use actual accessories and fabrics. The
buyer has to pay for these kinds of samples.

Fit samples are designed to check the measurements, fit, and the style. Details of
construction of the garment and standards needed to be maintained by the manufacturer
are maintained in these samples. Certain times these samples are tried on models to check
the fitting and the fall of the garment.

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Size samples are sent to the buyers once the fitting is approved in small, medium, large
and other sizes as per the requirement. Mass cutting of fabrics begins only once a final
approval of all the sizes is received.

Pre-production samples are the samples, which are made in the production department
once all the above sampling approvals are received. They are made with the actual fabrics,
trimmings, and accessories that will be used in the future placed order. After a full and
final approval is received from the buyer, the actual production can proceed.

4.1.2.1 Functions

 Finding of the exact things in the art work.

 Purchasing of the exact yarn.

 Knitting the yarn into a fine clothing.

 Dyeing the cloth with the desired colour as per the instructions in the
artwork.

 Washing the cloth for easy work with it.

 Cutting of the bits as per the pattern given in the model.

 Printing and embroidery work as per the pattern given in the artwork.

 Shaping the cloth into exact shape as per the pattern given in the artwork.

 Stitching work is done after the shaping work to make it a perfect t-shirt.

 Ironing work is done in the next stage to make it a complete fine garment.

 Finally, the fully completed garment is sent to the buyer as sample and then
it is being finalized

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4.1.3 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
In this Human Resource department, the main and the foremost primary activity of this
Human Resource manager is to select the right person for the right job with a right skill at
the right time. And then the workload must be explained and proper training should be
given by the reputed staff of the HR department. Later he must be placed for the job
which has held for him. This is considered as the foremost primary activity of HR
manager and it suits for any business concern all over the world.

They also observe the activities of the worker and maintain the attendance for the
preparation of the remuneration for the employees. They also maintain a friendly
relationship with those 8workers in the organization.

They also keep the record of the wait-listed employees so as to recruit them in case of
any need of the organization. Altogether they give life to the organization.

The Human Resource department also take cares of the activities of the workers in the
organization for the purpose of achieve a right success in a right manner of the
organization. Even Human Resource managers are responsible to provide funds
emergency of workers in the organization to safe-guard them, and to hold them to
achieve a lot.

4.1.3.1 Functions

 Helping the organization to search its goal.

 Employing the skills and the activities of the workforce efficiently.

 Providing the organization with well trained and well motivated employees.

 Increasing to the fullest the employee's job satisfaction.

 Developing and maintaining quality of work life.

 Communication.

 Helping to other department and function.

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4.1.4 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
Once the order has been confirmed, the particulars and amounts of raw
materials required is sent to the purchase department. They will source for the raw
material. Cost sheet is made by the merchandiser and the order is confirmed by the buyer
based on the cost sheet provided by the merchandiser. The purchase department has to
follow up with the suppliers for the delivery of the raw materials. Sometimes raw
materials sourced from the mill preferred by the buyer. The raw materials sourced
product will be sent to the buyer for approval. Once those products are approved then it is
purchased. All the needs for production units are purchased through this department.In
the garment export company, the primary objective of purchase department is to obtain
the right materials, in the right quality, at the right time and the right price. As purchasing
department, they are always responsible in management of finished goods, warehouse is
responsible for marketing.

4.1.4.1 Functions

 Information - It provides information to all concerned regarding new products.

materials and services.

 Suppliers - This purchase department must ensure that the supplier is table and
reliable.

 Price - While price, quality and quantity of materials are usually specified by the
operators. the purchase must be made at the most advantageous terms of the
company. Other terms and conditions such as insurance, discount, credit terms,
etc., are also negotiated before the order is placed.

 Verification - A Manager checks the prices, colors, quantities, qualities, etc.. of

delivered materials as specified in the purchase order.

 Speculative buying - When market conditions are particularly favourable, this

purchase department must use that chance and immediately use assuming
scarcity of these materials or hike in prices.

 Store keeping - Receiving the materials, storage and also the issue of materials
are the main activities are taken responsible by the staff.

 Stock management - The Assistant Manager must maintain and provide

accurate and up-to-date information on the stock levels of all the items carried.
This information for the study of frequency and the type of order placed with
suppliers.

 Purchase order - It is an important contractual document which binds the

company to considerable expenditure.

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4.1.5 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

The production department is responsible for converting inputs into outputs through the
stages of production processes. The Production Manager is responsible for making sure
that raw materials are provided and made into finished goods effectively. He or she must
make sure that work is carried out smoothly, and must supervise procedures for making
work more efficient and more enjoyable.

The company is well integrated with most modern machines for knitting, processing,
fabric finishing and sewing. It is capable of producing products with high quality. It
includes several processes.

Production Process

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 PRODUCTION PROCESS

1. KNITTING

Knitting plays a key role in the manufacturing process. Knitting is the operation of
producing knitted fabric according to the design by the knitting machine. In the knitting
process, multiple loops of yarn are created, called stitches and formed in a line or tube.

The knitting operation creates multiple active stitches at one time in the knitting machine.
These stitches were done by the needle of the machine. The fabric consisting many
consecutive rows of inter meshing of loops. As the progress of one loop, the same time
another is creating. The knitting machines are from Mayer & Cie. which produce a
variety of flawless knits including single jersey, double jersey, auto stripped, fabrics,
Lycra, jersey, and electronic jacquard's. The knitted cloth may be tubular i.e, round or
open width. Interlock is a type of fabric in which the thickness of the cloth will be greater.
The machines are fully automated. The quality is based on machine maintenance.

Knitting

2. DYEING
The process of applying color to fiber stock, yarn or fabric is called dyeing. There
may or may not be thorough penetration of the colorant into the fibers or yarns. Dyeing
can be done at any stage of manufacturing of textile fabric, yarn, fabric or a finished
textile product including garments and apparels. The property of colour fastness depends
mainly on two factors,
1. Selection of proper dye according to the textile material.
2.Selection of the method for dyeing the fabric.

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3. WASHING

Normally we use the word 'washing' to mean cleaning. But in the case of garments,
washing is not limited to this function. For garments, washing is not only required for
cleaning but also required for improving fabric quality, increase the softness of fabric,
reduce shrinkage. removing dirt, and for creating colour effects. In other sense, washing
is a technique used to remove impurities dirt, dust, oil, etc. from the surface of garments,
softness feeling of cloths, outlook fashion of the apparel, and increasing colourfastness.

TYPES OF WASHING:

 Normal washing- Normal washing is the simplest type of washing with lowest
washing cost. By this system starch materials present in the new garment is removed
together with dirt, hence after wash the garments feel soft during use. During normal
wash on garments, washing effect could be varied by altering washing temperature,
washing time, quantity of detergent used etc.

 Pigment washing- Pigment washing process is similar to normal washing process.

Apparels are made from pigment dyed or pigment printed fabric. Then the apparels
are subjected to pigment washing. By this washing, fading effect is produced in the
garments.

 Bleach wash- There is a similarity between bleach and pigment washing. In both
the cases, partial colour fading effect is produced. In case of bleach washing, the
fabrics of the apparels are normally dyed with direct or reactive dye.

 Stone washing- It is done on the garments made from heavy fabrics like denim
and jeans. It is a very popular wash. Due to this type of washing, different types of

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 irregular colour fading effect is produced. Moreover, shrinkage also occurs in the
apparels resulting correct size of the garments.

 Acid wash- Apparels made from denim and heavy jeans fabric are normally
considered for acid wash. Fading effect is produced in irregular pattern by the use of
pumice stone. Garments like trouser and jackets are frequently washed by acid
washing technique.

4. COMPACTING
Compacting process is used for controlling shrinkage of fabric, GSM control and make
compaction the fabric in length wise direction to provide over feed to the fabric while
processing in presence of steam and able to control the shrinkage. Compacting can be
done with both open width fabric and tubular fabric. Residual shrinkage of the fabrics can
be brought down to 3% to a maximum of 0. Compactors are of two types:

1. Open width compactors

2. Tube compactors

5. PATTERN MAKING AND CUTTING

Pattern Making is a blueprint for the garment, on the basis of which the fabric is cut. It is
the technical drawing or drafting of a garment. Standard size charts, dress forms or figure
are measured, these measurements are then converted into 2D patterns and then garments
are made from them.

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 Cutting Patterns

Cutting is one of the most important stage in the garment manufacturing process. The
fabric is first cut using the first pattern to make any garment. To make complete the
garment, the fabric is cut into several pats, then these cut parts are sent to the sewing
department for stitching, where the whole garment is made by adding these parts.

Cutting machine

6. PRINTING

Printing is a process of decorating textile fabrics by application of pigments, dyes, or

other related materials in the form of patterns. Textile printing is related to dyeing but in
dyeing the whole fabric is uniformly coloured with one colour, whereas in printing one or
more colors are applied to it in certain parts only and in sharply defined patterns.

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Types of printing:

 Chest printing - This type of printing is done either after cutting or after finished
the full garment. Techniques used for this type are

1. Pigment printing

2. Discharge printing

It can be done manually and automatically. When it is done manually only four colors are
available whereas automatically the colour ranges up to 10 colors.

 Allover printing - All over printing is done only by manual method.

 Polyster printing - Polyester printing is only done by digital method.

Printing machine

7. EMBROIDERY

Embroidery is the process of embellishing the surface of textiles with decorative stitching
using colourful threads often made of cotton or silk. It gives elaborate shadings to fabric
variety of pigment, discharge, embossed, flock and foil prints.

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 Embroridery

8. SEWING
Sewing is an important department in the garments manufacturing industry.
All the parts of a garment are joined here by making stitches with the help of a needle and
thread.
SEWING MACHINES:
The most common types of sewing machines used are

 Single needle machine - Single machine is the most commonly used sewing
machine in the apparel industry, especially in woven garments.

 Overlock machine

 Flatlock machine

Sewing machines

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4.1.6 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

CHECKING

For the textile and apparel industry product quality is calculated in terms of quality and
standard of fibers, yarns, colour, designs of the final finished garment. Quality control in
terms of garments manufacturer, pre-sale and post sales service, delivery, pricing, etc. are
essential for garment manufacturing, trade or export.

Certain quality related problems are often seen in garment manufacturing like sewing,
colour, sizing or garment defects which can never be overlooked.

Some of the defects:

 Sewing defects - Wrong stitching techniques, non-matching threads and missing

stitches, improper creasing of the garment, erroneous thread tension and raw edges
are some of the sewing defects which can affect the garment quality adversely.

 Colour defects - Variation of colour between the sample and final garment, wrong
colour combination and miss matching dyes should always be avoided.

 Sizing defects - Wrong gradation of sizes, difference in various parts of a garment

like sleeves of XL size of L size garment can deteriorate the garment beyond repair.

 Oil stain defects - Oil stain can be removed by oil stain remover. The stain is due
to the leakage from machine.

Checking process

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4.1.6.1 IRONING AND PACKAGING

Ironing is the most important finishing process in the ready made garment
sector which is done by subjecting a cloth to heat and pressure with or without steam to
remove unwanted creases and to impart a flat appearance to the garments. Pressing or
ironing is also done to introduce creases in the apparel.

Objectives of ironing are

1. Removal of unwanted creases and crinkles,

2. Shaping,

3. To apply creases where necessary.

4. Under pressing,

5.Final pressing.

Ironing

After doing the iron and final check, the garments go for the packaging section. In this
section. the garments will be sorted on the basis of design and size and and then packed
in some poly bags and finally in the big cartons with the labels and price tags. Then the
whole production is ready for the delivery to its buyers

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4.1.7 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

4.1.7.1 Finance
In this company all the accounts will be maintained by the senior accountant
of the company. They maintain bills receivable and bills payable records. All the money
transaction will be done only under this department. Weekly wages will be given to sub
labours and monthly salary will be given to the senior employees either in cash or in
cheque. As to motivate the employees the company will give them in the mode of cash.

4.1.7.2 Functions

 Book keeping- This is the most basic function of the finance department. It
involves the day-to-day recording, analysis and interpretation of a company's
financial transactions. This will include the tracking of all expenses (purchases,
payments etc.) and sales of finished products.

 Management of company's cash flow- It is the duty of the finance department

to manage all cash flows into and out of a company and ensure that there are enough
funds available to meet the day-to-day running of the company.

 Budgets and forecasting- In this function, the finance department works with
managers to prepare the company's budgets and forecasts and also give feedback
with regards to the financial standing of the company. This information can be used
to fulfil the cash needs of each department, plan company staffing levels, plan asset
purchase and expansions at minimum cost before they become necessary.

 Management of taxes- Running a company involves paying tax, and it is the duty
of the finance department to handle tax issues.

 Financial reporting and analysis- Financial reporting and analysis is the

function that takes raw accounting entries and transforms them into meaningful,
usable and comparable financial statements. The finance department contributes to
organizational growth by measuring and reporting on regular bases, key numbers that
are vital to the success of the company. This will likely include a summary of all
funding sources, expenditures and reserves available for future use (excluding those
already committed and budgeted for current period) some non-financial information.
And are usually communicated to managers in a logical and understandable format
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4.1.8.1 DOCUMENTATION DEPARTMENT
 One of the most important factors for Textile and Garments Industry is proper
documentation. A perfect documentation system can help you to finish the whole
process properly without any problem. An export transaction has to pass through
following documents:

 Packing list -A packing list is a document used in international trade. It provides the
exporter, international freight forwarder, and ultimate consignee with information
about the shipment, including how it's packed, the dimensions and weight of each
package, and the marks and numbers that are noted on the outside of the boxes.

 Commercial invoice-The commercial invoice is one of the most important

documents in international trade and ocean freight shipping. It is a legal document
issued by the seller (exporter) to the buyer (importer) in an international transaction
and serves as a contract and a proof of sale between the buyer and seller.

 Bill of lading -A bill of lading (BL or BoL) is a legal document issued by a carrier to
a shipper that details the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. A
bill of lading also serves as a shipment receipt when the carrier delivers the goods at
a predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped products,
no matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized
representative from the carrier, shipper, and receiver.

 Certificate of origin -A certificate of origin (CO) is a document declaring in which

country a commodity or good was manufactured. The certificate of origin contains
information regarding the product, its destination, and the country of export.

 Proforma invoice -A pro form a invoice is a preliminary bill of sale sent to buyers in
advance of a shipment or delivery of goods. The invoice will typically describe the
purchased items and other important information, such as the shipping weight and
transport charges.

 Shipping order -A Shipping Order (SO) is a document issued by the carrier that
confirms a shipment's booking on a vessel. An SO will contain the location of the
empty container for pickup, and may also contain booking details like the vessel
number and sailing time.

 Custom invoice -A customs invoice is a document that is transported with a parcel

and comprises information concerning the items inside the parcel. The customs
invoice is needed for customs clearance, and the shipment can't leave any country
without one
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 CHAPTER V

5.1 CONCLUSION

The industrial training in VICTUS DYEINGS was a good opportunity for me to learn
about the various aspects of the departments practically. The day to day function of
various departments were carried perfectly and efficiently.During the training period the
staff of various departments inside the organisation helped me to know the duties
performed by them and as well as do's and don'ts of all functions in the organisation. The
training also helped me in improving my planning skills, coordination with team
members and time management. Overall, this internship period was very useful for
me.The company is known for its quality products and will maintain and succeed in all of
its future operations.

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