Spanning Tree Protocol

1. (Single Choice) STP is short for ?

[Link] spanning tree protocol
[Link] path tree protocol
[Link] tree protocol
[Link] tree protocol
2. (Single Choice) The standard for STP defined by IEEE is ( ).
A.802.3
B.802.11b
C.802.1D
D.802.1Q
3. (Single Choice) In OSI reference model, Layer 2 LAN switch operates at ( ).
[Link] layer
[Link] link layer
[Link] layer
[Link] layer
4. (Single Choice) The main idea of STP is to generate a loop-free tree by exchanging a special kind of
message between bridges. This message is called ( ).
[Link] BPDU
[Link] BPDU
[Link] BPDU
[Link] BPDU
5. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are the interface states of STP? (Select 4 Answers)
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] down
[Link]
[Link]
6. (Single Choice) On Huawei switches running STP,the default value of forward delay is ( )
seconds.
A.10
B.15
C.20
D.30
7. (Single Choice) Which of the following descriptions about learning state in STP is incorrect?
[Link] port in learning state can receive and send BPDU
[Link] port in learning state can learn the source MAC address of data packet
[Link] port in learning state can only learn the source MAC address but
cannot transmit the data packet.
 [Link] port in learning state can forward part of the data packet
8. (Single Choice) Which of the following descriptions about blocking state in STP is incorrect?
[Link] port in blocking state can receive BPDU
[Link] port in blocking state does not learn source MAC address of data
packet
[Link] port in blocking state does not forward data packets
[Link] port in blocking state does not receive any data packets
9. (Single Choice) STP uses ( ) timer to prevent from temporary loop when the link is fault?
[Link] Time
[Link] Delay
[Link] Age
[Link] Age
10. (Single Choice) Devices need to exchange information and parameters in order to calculate a
spanning tree. Such information and parameters are encapsulated into a certain unit when they are
exchanged between devices. Which type of unit are the information and parameters encapsulated
into?
[Link] BPDU
[Link] BPDU
[Link] STP
[Link] RSTP
11. (Single Choice) How many root bridges does the STP protocol select from all the network bridges
when calculating a spanning tree?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
12. (Single Choice) Which attribute is selection of a root bridge based on when the spanning tree is
calculated by the STP?
[Link] ID
[Link] Cost
[Link] Cost
[Link] ID
13. (Single Choice) Root bridges provide root ports and designated ports.
[Link]
[Link]
14. (Single Choice) There may be “multiple” paths between a non-root bridge and a root bridge. Each
of the paths has its own total cost, which is the sum of the port costs of all egress ports on the path.
[Link]
[Link]
15. (Single Choice) STP calculates the overall cost of each path between a non-root bridge and a root
bridge. What is a port on the non-root bridge called on the path that has the minimum overall cost?
[Link] port
[Link] port
 [Link] port
[Link] port
16. (Single Choice) In STP calculation, a port identifier consists of two parts: one-byte ( ) and one-
byte port number.
[Link] priority
[Link] priority
[Link] MAC address
[Link] MAC address
17. (Multiple Choice) The existence of loop in switched network can lead to ( ).
[Link] storm
[Link] self-loop
[Link] unreachable
[Link] MAC address table
18. (Single Choice) Which of the following statements regarding layer-2 switch is incorrect?
[Link] MAC address automatically
[Link]-3 header is modified before the received packet is transmitted
[Link]-2 header is modified before the received packet is transmitted.
[Link]-2 LAN switch operates at data link layer
19. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are the functions of STP in switched network?
[Link] bridge network availability by providing physical path redundancy
[Link] bridge network availability by providing logical path redundancy
[Link] the possible loops by blocking the redundant paths
[Link] the redundant backup path when the active path becomes faulty.
20. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following descriptions about STP are incorrect?
A.A layer-2 switching network can have only one designated switch
[Link] the ports of the root switch are root port
[Link] the ports of the root switch are designated port
[Link] switch with the smallest priority value is elected as non-root switch
21. (Multiple Choice) In STP, the bridge ID consists of two parts. They are ( ) and ( ).
[Link] priority
[Link] Port ID
[Link] MAC address
[Link] IP address
22. (Single Choice) In STP, what is the length of bridge ID?
A.8 bits
B.32 bits
C.48 bits
D.64 bits
23. (Single Choice) Which of the following descriptions about STP is incorrect?
[Link] can manage the redundant links
[Link] can block redundant links to eliminate loops
 [Link] can prevent from temporary loss of connectivity
[Link] can make LAN switch operates normally in a switched network
environment with loops
24. (Single Choice) Which of the following descriptions about port state transition of STP are
incorrect?
[Link] state can transit to Blocking state directly
[Link] state can transit to Blocking state directly
[Link] state can transit to Forwarding state directly
[Link] state can transit to Forwarding state directly
25. (Single Choice) During STP calculation, STP selects a designated port and bridge for each network
segment. In this selection process, STP first compares ( ) of the port connected to the network
segment and selects the one with the lowest number.
[Link] priority
[Link] path cost
[Link] identifier
[Link] MAC address
26. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following ports are defined by STP and indicate that Physical
Layer and Data Link Layer are working normally and STP is enabled at ports on a device? (Select 3
Answers)
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
27. (Single Choice) During STP calculation, when a port is in a certain state, it neither forwards any
data frame nor learns MAC address tables. It takes part in only spanning tree calculation in addition
to receiving and sending STP protocol packets. Which state does the abovementioned state refer to?
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
28. (Single Choice) During STP calculation, when a port is in a certain state, it neither forwards any
data frame nor learns MAC address tables. Instead, it only receives and processes STP protocol
packets. Which state does the abovementioned state refer to?
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
29. (Single Choice) Workstation A and workstation B are connected to two different switch ports
respectively. Assume that workstation B hasn't sent any packet yet. Which of the following
statements is true when workstation A starts sending the first packet to workstation B?
[Link] destination port of workstation B is not found in switch's MAC table
an the packet is discarded
[Link] switch learns the address of workstation B and sends the packet to the
port that is connected with B
 [Link] switch learns address of workstation A and broadcasts the packet out of
all the ports
[Link] switch learns address of workstation A and broadcasts the packet out of
all the ports except for the port that received the packet
30. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following descriptions about STP are correct? (Select 3 Answers)
A.A network can have only one root switch
[Link] the ports of the root switch are root port
[Link] the ports of the root switch are designated port
[Link] switch with the smallest priority value is elected as the root switch
31. (Multiple Choice) In STP, the role of switch port includes ( ) (Select 3 Answers)
[Link] port
[Link] root port
[Link] port
[Link] port
[Link] port

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

1. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are the advantages of RSTP compared with STP? (Select
3 Answers)
A.A new root port is elected on the non-root switch and the previous old root
port is no longer in forwarding state. Moreover the designated port of the
segment which connects with the new root port already starts to forward the
data. In this case, the new root port can enter forwarding state immediately.
[Link] a port of the switch which is configured as edge port has been
enabled, it will become designated port immediately and transit to forwarding
state.
[Link] the designated port is connected with P2MP link, it can make a
handshake with the connected bridge and enter the forwarding state
immediately after it receives the response.
[Link] the designated port is connected with P2P link, it can make a handshake
with the connected bridge and enter the forwarding state immediately after it
receives the response.
2. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are disadvantages of “single” spanning tree? (Select 3
Answers)
[Link] belong to the same VLAN connected to different switches may not
be able to communicate each other
[Link] balancing can not be implemented
[Link] is slow
[Link]-optimal path may exist
3. (Single Choice) As specified by the RSTP protocol, when a designated port fails, which type of port
will function as a new designated port and enters the forwarding state without any delay?
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
4. (Single Choice) As specified by the RSTP protocol, when a root port fails, which type of port will
function as a new root port and enters the forwarding state without any delay?
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
[Link] Port
5. (Single Choice) In the RSTP standard, a port is able to connect to a terminal directly and enter the
forwarding state without delay. Which of the following ports represents such a port?
A. Fast port
B. Backup port
C. Root port
D. Edge port

Segmenting the IP Network

1. (Single Choice) IGP is the protocol which is used in ( )

[Link] area
B.A LAN
[Link] Autonomous System
[Link] the range of classful addressl
2. (Single Choice) Which of the following statements regarding routing protocol is correct?
A.A protocol that allows the data packets transmitted between hosts.
B.A method that defines the format and function of the fields for data packet
C.A protocol that achieves route selection through an algorithm
D.A protocol that defines the mode and time of the binding of MAC address
and IP address
3. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements regarding the function of a router are
correct? (Select 3 Answers)
[Link] same networks.
[Link] the packet so that the forwarding is easier
 [Link] the packet from one network to another
[Link]
4. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements regarding the routing table are correct?
(Select 2 Answers)
[Link] next hop in the routing table is redundant because the outgoing
interface can be used for packet forwarding.
[Link] routes from generated by different protocols have different preferences.
[Link] costs of different routing protocols are comparable.
[Link] costs of different routing protocols are not comparable
5. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are the sources of the routes in the routing table?
(Select 3 Answers)
[Link] routes are generated during the startup of the router.
[Link] routes are generated according to the data link layer protocol
[Link] routes are configured manually by the administrator
[Link] routes are generated by dynamic routing protocols
6. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following items are used to select the best route when a router has
“multiple” routes to the same destination? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] of the route
[Link] of the route
[Link] of the route
[Link] of the route
7. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following protocols are routing protocols? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
8. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements regarding the route preference are correct?
(Select 3 Answers)
[Link] is used by RIP and OSPF only
[Link] is used by all routing protocols
[Link] is an important factor for route selection
[Link] default preference value of direct route is 0
9. (Single Choice) What do we call the routes in the routing table that have the same cost to the
same destination?
[Link] routes
[Link]-optimal routes
[Link] routes
[Link] routes
10. (Multiple Choice) According to the algorithms, routing protocols fall into two categories. They are
( ) (Select 2 Answers)
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] Vector
 [Link]-state
11. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following items are the contents of the routing table? (Select 2
Answers)
[Link]
[Link], Interface, and Next hop
[Link]
[Link]
12. (Single Choice) Each router forwards only the packets received by the local station through the
optimal path. The packet is forwarded by different routers on the path in a relay mode.
T. True
[Link]
13. (Multiple Choice) A routing table can be formed by using different methods. Which of the
following protocols are used to form a routing table? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] routing protocol
[Link] routing protocol
[Link]-level protocol
[Link]-level protocol
14. (Multiple Choice) What functions does a router mainly provide? (Select 3 Answers)
[Link] the destination address in a datagram.
[Link] the information source.
[Link] possible routes.
[Link] and maintain route information.
15. (Multiple Choice) When the value of the proto field of a route in a routing table is direct, it
indicates that this route is a ( ). (Select 3 Answers)
[Link] discovered by the protocol at the link layer
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route
16. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements are true? (Select 2 Answers)
A.A route discovered by a protocol at the link layer need not be maintained.
B.A protocol at the link layer can discover only a route to a loopback address.
C.A protocol at the link layer can discover only a route in a network segment
connected directly to a port.
D.A protocol at the link layer can discover only a route across different
network segments.
17. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements are correct? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] calculation method of the preference and cost in the routing table are
same.
[Link] calculation of cost may be based on “single” link attribute or several
link attributes such as delay, hop count, bandwidth and etc.
[Link] several dynamic routing protocols have the best routes to the same
destination, all these routes will be added to the routing table.
 [Link] of the dynamic routing protocols calculate the best path base on the
cost value. However, Different routing protocol calculates the metric in
different ways
18. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements are incorrect? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] preferences for each static routes entry can be different.
[Link] default, OSPF is more preferred to RIP.
[Link] greater the cost, the better the route is.
[Link] those routes to the same destination on VRP platform, the one with
higher preference value is more preferred over the one with lower preference
value.
19. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following factors may result in routing loops? (Select 3 Answers)
[Link] routing loops that occur during route convergence
[Link]-state routing protocol algorithms
[Link] avoidance information is lost when the routes are imported between
two different routing domains
[Link] errors
20. (Multiple Choice) Routing metric is a value that measures the cost of the route to the designated
destination and it is used to calculate the best path. Which of the following factors can affect the
metric of a route? (Select 3 Answers)
[Link]/bandwidth
[Link] occupation ratio
[Link] of the router
[Link] count
21. (Single Choice) What does the distance vector routing protocol focus on according to the
discovered routes and calculated routes?
[Link] number of hops on between the router and the destination
[Link] address of the next hop specified manually
[Link] the egress port on the route belongs to a port aggregation group
[Link] bandwidth resource information
22. (Single Choice) Equal-cost routes are the routes that have the same ( ).
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] port
[Link] hop
23. (Single Choice) Each router only knows how to forward the packet to the next hop IP address. It
doesn't know the end to end forwarding path. This type of forwarding is called ( )
[Link] by hop forwarding
[Link] by host forwarding
[Link] by router forwarding
[Link] by network forwarding
24. (Single Choice) Which of the following is used by routers to forward the packets on the network?
[Link] lookups
[Link] tables
 [Link] tables
[Link] address tables
25. (Single Choice) Which of the following statements regarding routing convergence is correct?
[Link] is a process that occurs due to network topology changes.
[Link] is a process of establishing neighbor relationships between
any two routers by sending hello packets.
[Link] is a process of combining the routing tables of two routers.
[Link] is a process of synchronizing all routing tables for all the
routers in the network. It is the process for a router to reach the stable and
consistence state after the network changes.
26. (Single Choice) If the optimal path to the destination IP address is unavailable after a change
occurs in a network topology, the dynamic routing protocol can make adaptation to this change and
determine another optimal path to the destination IP address.
[Link]
[Link]
27. (Single Choice) The data link layer in a router receives a packet from upper layer and the length
of the packet is greater than the MTU of the interface that will transmit this packet. What will the
router do?
[Link] the packet
[Link] the packet
[Link] the source router to reduce the length of the packet
[Link] the packet directly
28. (Single Choice) Characterized by simple configuration and poor scalability, which of the following
protocols is based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm and sends a complete routing table to an adjacent
router at a certain interval?
[Link] vector routing protocol
[Link]-state routing protocol
[Link] gateway protocol
[Link] gateway protocol
29. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements regarding routing loops are correct? (Select
2 Answers)
[Link] loops cause the packets not able to reach the destination and this
will result in network congestion.
[Link] loops are generated by dynamic routing protocols only.
[Link] are routed circularly between two or more routers and will be
discarded when the TTL becomes 0.
[Link] state routing protocols will not cause the routing loops.
30. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following indicators are used to measure the performance of a
dynamic routing protocol? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] routing loop
[Link] protocol cost
[Link] of subnets
[Link] priority
31. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements regarding default route are correct? (Select
2 Answers)
[Link] route is more preferred over the specific route
[Link] route is used only when the destination route is not in the routing
table
[Link] route can be configured manually.
[Link] route is a special type of dynamic route.
32. (Single Choice) Assume an internal network has only one route to the external networks, which
of the following configurations is better?
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route
33. (Single Choice) Suppose a gateway is configured in a host running Windows system, which of the
following is similar to the configuration on a router?
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route

IP Static Routes

1. (Single Choice) After a fault occurs in a network, a static route can be rectified automatically and
the network administrator does not need to reconfigure it.
[Link]
[Link]
2. (Single Choice) Which of the following values is the default preference value for static route on the
VRP platform?
A.0
B.20
C.60
D.100
3. (Single Choice) A static route can be either configured manually by a network administrator or
generated automatically.
[Link]
[Link]
4. (Multiple Choice) A command for configuring a static route contains the destination IP address
and mask. In which notations can the mask be expressed? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] decimal notation
 [Link] size (namely, the number of binary 1s in the mask)
[Link] binary notation
[Link] hexadecimal notation
5. (Multiple Choice) Compared to static routing protocol, which of the following are the advantages
of dynamic routing protocol? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] bandwidth consumption
[Link]
[Link] router running dynamic routing protocol can detect the changes of the
network topology automatically.
[Link] router running dynamic routing protocol can calculate the routes
automatically.
6. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are the advantages of static routing protocol? (Select 2
Answers)
[Link] configuration
[Link] routing updates
[Link] network security
[Link] the bandwidth
7. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following are the disadvantages of using static routing protocol in
the network? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] configurations are complicated in a large network.
[Link]-configurations are required after the topology changes
[Link] routers can not learn the static route configuration which will
result in network unreachability.
[Link] the VRP platform, load balancing can not be implemented using static
route
8. (Multiple Choice) Two static routes to the [Link]/32 network are configured on a router. One of
the static routes is not assigned with a value for the preference_value parameter; the other static
route is assigned with 100 for the preference_value parameter. In this case, which of the following
statements are true? (Select 2 Answers)
[Link] route not signed with a value for the preference_value parameter
functions as the working route.
[Link] route signed with 100 for the preference_value parameter functions as
the working route.
C.A static route supports route backup.
[Link] two static routes work in load sharing mode.
9. (Single Choice) The information about static routes can be viewed through a router. A backup
route is identified as ( ).
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
10. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements regarding static route are correct? (Select 3
Answers)
[Link] route is a special type of dynamic route
 [Link] of the dynamic routing protocol such as OSPF can generate default
routes.
[Link] route is used when the destination network is not in the routing
table.
[Link] network IP and mask of the default route is [Link] and [Link]
respectively.
11. (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements about default routes are true? (Select 2
Answers)
A.A route that can be configured manually.
B.A default route can be only configured manually by a network
administrator.
C.A default route is a kind of special static route.
D.A default route can be generated by using a dynamic routing protocol.
12. (Single Choice) What does a router do after it receives a datagram containing a destination
address that is not listed in the routing table?
[Link] router matches an OSPF route with the destination address.
[Link] router matches an RIP route with the destination address.
[Link] router matches a BGP route with the destination address.
[Link] router uses the default route.
13. (Single Choice) How is routing information about a default route expressed?
[Link] destination IP address is expressed in all 0s and the mask is expressed
in all 1s.
[Link] destination IP address is expressed in all 1s and the mask is expressed
in all 0s.
[Link] the destination IP address and mask are expressed in all 0s.
[Link] the destination IP address and mask are expressed in all 1s.
14. (Single Choice) How many routes at most does a default route on Huawei router support load
sharing?
A.0
B.2
C.16
D.32
15. (Single Choice) After a change occurs in a network topology, which of the following routes does
not change automatically but changes only after the network administrator updates the change?
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route
[Link] route