LAB REPORT
By: Abedalrahman Naeem Al-Natsheh
A resistivity experiment's goal is to assess a material's
resistivity, which is a measure of its capacity to resist the flow of
electric current. This is typically accomplished by measuring the
resistance of a sample of the material and calculating the
resistivity using its dimensions. A material's resistivity is an
important attribute that can be used to determine its viability for
various purposes such as electrical wire or electronic
components. Scientists and engineers can obtain a better
knowledge of the behavior of materials under diverse situations
and make educated judgments regarding their use in various
applications by conducting a resistivity experiment. A voltmeter,
an ammeter, a 4v cell, a ruler, a right angle triangle, an unknown
wire, a micrometer, and crocodile clips were employed. Two
tests had been carried out, both with the identical apparatus.
Experiment 1
We'd start by making a table with all of the lengths ready and
labeling it. I would also calculate the diameter of the wire by
taking four readings and averaging them with a micrometer.
After that, I'd make sure the rules are 90 degrees parallel to the
wire on it so I can get a precise and accurate value. After that, I
set one of the crocodiles to 10 cm s while setting the other to any
other value.I would quickly determine the length by subtracting
10 from it. After I'm confident the crocodile is on the value, I'll
switch on the cell and make sure it's reading 4 volts. I'd rapidly
take 4-5 ammeter and voltmeter measurements, and I'd be sure
to switch off the cell when removing and replacing the
crocodiles. When finished, I would average the ammeter
readings and then do the same with the voltmeter to compute the
resistance of the length.
Experiment 2
I'd done it before, but with a different wire. I took 4 diameter
readings again, then built a table, made sure the ruler and wire
were 90 degrees, positioned the crocodile on the 10th cm, got 4
length readings, 4-5 ammeter readings, and voltmeter readings,
and then calculated the resistance and averages.
DATA & ANALYSIS
WIRE 1
LENGTH I/ V/ A(average V(average
/cm current voltage ) ) R/Ω diameter/μm
2.66 2.91 D1 0.48
2.68 2.89 1.0 D2 0.48
5 2.70 2.90
2.75 2.90 7 D3 0.48
2.70 2.88 D4 0.49
D(average
2.51 2.95 ) 0.48
2.48 2.97 AREA/m2
15
1.80*10^-
2.49 2.96 1.1 area 13
2.47 2.94 2.49 2.96 9
2.60 2.89
2.89 2.90
35
2.85 2.91 1.0
2.84 2.91 2.80 2.90 4
2.17 3.07
2.18 3.07
60
2.15 3.06 1.4
2.11 3.07 2.15 3.07 3
1.93 3.12
1.94 3.12
80
1.96 3.11 1.6
1.94 3.12 1.94 3.12 0
WIRE 2
LENGTH/ I/ V/ A(average V(average
cm current voltage ) ) R/Ω diameter/μm
2.56 2.95 D1 0.08
2.58 2.93 D2 0.09
2.55 2.22 D3 0.10
5 2.56 2.66 1.04
2.54 2.93 D4 0.07
D(average
2.57 2.29 ) 0.09
2.57 2.96 AREA/m2
6.36*10^-
2.49 2.96 area 15
20 2.52 2.96 1.17
2.55 2.96
2.53 2.96
2.48 2.97
2.39 2.98
2.41 2.98
40 2.43 2.98 2.42 2.98 1.24
2.44 2.99
2.41 2.99
2.06 3.02
2.14 3.03
80 2.13 3.03 2.13 3.03 1.42
2.17 3.03
2.16 3.04
R/Ω
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
LENGT
H /cm
NOTE To be fair, I had 5 length readings in wire 1 and 4 on
wire 2, so I removed one of the wire 1 lengths off the graph to
make it more equal and easier to compare.
To calculate the resitivity, we would use the formula = RA/l
because we had already calculated the area, resistance, and
length. The only value that would not change is the area when
calculating the resitivity for a single wire, for example wire 1:
area = 1.80x10-13 we would use this area and multiply it by
every single length
wire 1 area = 1.80*10^-13/m-2 resitivity/Ωm
length/cm resistance/Ω resitivity/Ωm
5 1.07 3.85x10^-14
15 1.19 1.43x10^-14 1.52x10^-14
60 1.43 4.29x10^-15
80 1.6 3.60x10^-15
wire 2 area = 6.36*10^-15/m-2 average of resitivity/Ωm
length/cm resistance/Ω resitivity/Ωm
5 1.04 1.38x10^-15
20 1.17 3.89x10^-16 5.39x10^-16
40 1.24 2.06x10^-16
80 1.42 1.18x10^-16
When we have this table, we can utilize the restivity to
determine the wire's element.
It should be noted that the gradient of the graph is resistivity
over the area.
CONCULOSION
Both wires were impacted by length variation, but wire 1 was
more sensitive to it, and the higher you went, the more
resistance you would experience, but not the same as wire2.
Wire 2 was a bit tougher since the gradient was closer to the
vertical line than the horizontal. When we have both
resistivities, we may utilize a resistivity table to find the
elements. Regrettably, the experiment had failed due to the lack
of identical values in the resistivity table as the ones I had
computed, making it unable to continue the experiment.
What can be done to improve the experiment's
precision?
I would recommend doing further reading. Repeat the
experiment at least three times, saving the wire's resistance and
comparing it to the figure you had to compute the percentage of
uncertainty. I would also recommend performing the experiment
at a constant temperature since I believe the error I made was
due to the wire being really hot and not being in a stable
temperature.
