Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Sixth Term CE-314
Civil Engineering
Stair Case Slab Example
STAIRCASES
Staircases provide means of movement from one floor to another in a
structure. Staircases consist of a number of steps with landings at
suitable intervals to provide comfort and safety for the users.
(a) and (b) Straight flight stairs (c) Quarter-turn stairs
(d)Half-turn stairs (e) Branching stairs
STAIRCASES
(f) Open-well (half turn)
(g) Open-well with quarter turn landing
(h); (i); (j) Geometrical stairs
The definitions of some technical terms, which are used in connection with design
of stairs, are given:
a. Tread or Going: horizontal upper portion of a step.
b. Riser: vertical portion of a step.
c. Rise: vertical distance between two consecutive treads.
d. Flight: a series of steps provided between two landings.
e. Landing: a horizontal slab provided between two flights.
f. Waist: the least thickness of a stair slab.
g. Winder: radiating or angular tapering steps.
h. Soffit: the bottom surface of a stair slab.
Design Of Stair Slab
⚫ The slab underneath the stairs is designed as one-
way slab for the expected live loading, dead load of
R. C. slab, dead load of steps and dead load of floor
finishes.
⚫ The thickness of the slab for stair is called its waist
dimension.
⚫ Following points are to be considered for such a
design:
1. The span length and loading with respect to the
horizontal plan are considered for the calculation of
bending moments.
2. The self-weight of the stair slab is first calculated in
the inclined plane and is then multiplied with R 2 + T 2 / T
or approximately 1.22 to calculate the load on the
horizontal plan, where R is the riser and T is the
tread.
3. In case only one or no edge of steps is supported
on walls, the stair is considered to span
longitudinally. However, the slab may be assumed
to span along the width of the steps if there is newel
wall towards the inner side and both edges of the
slab are supported.
4. Due to the inclined nature and availability of more
stiffness, the waist dimension may be selected
equal to both ends continuous one-way slab (L/35
for Grades 280 and 300 and L/28 for Grade 420). In
case the landing is also supported along the other
edges, the span of stair may be considered up to
the center of the landing. However, in this case, the
landing must be designed to carry all the
corresponding loads along a direction perpendicular
to the stair.
5. If the steps are made up of reinforced
concrete, some minimum steel is to be
provided within these steps.
6. A small and usually concealed beam, in-
between the landing and the flight of stair,
is beneficial to keep the depth of stair slab
and the required reinforcement in the
economical range.
7. Tension steel making an angle less than
180 and present on the inner side of this
angle may cause falling of the concrete
cover and loss of tensile force (Fig. 6.8).
The detailing must be carried out to
eliminate this situation.
T
T
T
a) Incorrect Way
T
b) Correct Way
Example 6.4:
Design the first flight of the stair shown in Fig. 6.9,
having a reinforced concrete footing at the bottom.
Use C − 18 concrete and Grade 280 steel. R =
180 mm and T = 260 mm. Select US Customary
reinforcement.
1.2 m 12 @ 0.26 m = 3.12 m
1.2 m
1.2 m
Plan View of Stair for Example 6.4.
Solution:
⚫ L 1.2 + 3.12 = 4.32 m
⚫ hmin considering both ends continuous/fixed = L / 35
= 4320 / 35 = 124 mm
(say 125 mm)
⚫ d h − 20 - 7 = 98 mm
Dead Load
⚫ R. C. slab: 0.125 2400 (1802+2602)0.5 / 260 =
365 kgs / m2
⚫ Weight of steps: ((1/2)(R/1000)) 2400 = 216 kgs / m2
⚫ 15 mm floor finish: 0.015 2300 = 35 kgs / m2
qD = 616 kgs / m2
R
Live Load
⚫ For stairs: qL = 300 kgs / m2
Factored Slab Load
⚫ qu = 1.2 qD + 1.6 qL
= (1.2 616 + 1.6 300) 9.81 / 1000
= 11.96 kN / m2
= 11.96 kN / m per meter width
Factored Bending Moment
⚫ Mu 1 / 10 qu L2 (one end continuous)
= 1/10 11.96 4.322
= 22.4 kN-m per meter width
⚫ dmin for singly reinforced section
Mu 22.4 106
= = = 78mm
0.205 f cb 0.205 18 1000
Main Reinforcement
⚫ Mu / bd2 = 22.4×106 /(1000×982) = 2.3324 MPa
⚫ fc = 18 MPa : fy = 280MPa
⚫ = 0.0103
⚫ As = 0.0103×1000×98 = 1010 mm2 per meter width
Diameter And Spacing
⚫ Selected Steel = #13 @ 120 mm c/c
⚫ 2 h = 300 mm (OK)
Temperature Reinforcement
⚫ Temperature steel: 0.002 b h
= 0.002 1000 125 = 250 mm2
⚫ Selected temperature reinforcement: #10 @ 275 mm c/c
Check For Shear
⚫ Vu = qu ( Ln / 2 − d)
= 11.96 (4.32 /2 − 0.098) = 24.66 kN
⚫ cVc = 0.75 0.17 f c bw d
= 0.75 0.17 18 1000 98 / 1000 = 53.0 kN
⚫ The applied shear force is significantly lesser than even
cV c
Curtailment Distances
⚫ Ln / 7 = 4320 / 7 = 617 mm (say 610 mm)
⚫ Ln / 5 = 4320 / 7 = 864 mm (say 870 mm)
⚫ Inclined 0.22 Ln = 0.22 4320 1.22 = 1160 mm
⚫ Inclined 0.30 Ln = 0.30 4320 1.22 = 1580 mm
#13 @ 120 c/c
#13 @ 240 c/c Waist = 125
610 1 − #10 (typical)
#13 @ 120 c/c
#6 @ 300 c/c (typical)
1200 − 260
= 940 > ln / 5 #10 @ 275 c/c
420 #13 @ 120 c/c
No negative moment
capacity at this section, 1160
only allowed if after ln / 5
If the distance is lesser than ln / 5
or if more rigidity / continuity is #13 @ 240 c/c
present at this end, the detail may
be made as follows:
#13 @ 120 c/c
#13 @ 120 c/c
#13 @ 240 c/c
ln / 5
Concluded
