Transducers
• Transducers is a device which converts a
physical quantity ( temperature, pressure,
displacement, flow, vibration) to be measured
into an equivalent electrical signal (voltage or
current)
Classification of Transducers
• Transducers can be classified into different
types based on various criteria.
• Depending on the quantity to be measured.
Depending on the principle of operation.
• Depending on the application area and
• Depending on whether an external source of
excitation is required or not.
• The last criteria of classification gives rise to
the terms called "Active transducers" and
"Passive transducers".
1. Active transducers & passive transducers
Active transducers Do not need any external source of power for
their operation
Passive transducers need any external source of power for their
operation
Classification based on quantity to be measured
• Analog or Digital Transducers
• Primary and secondary Transducers
Temperature Transducers
• When a body is heated or cooled, various effects
of heating or cooling can be observed.
These effects include:
• 1. Change in the physical or chemical state
• 2. Change in the physical dimensions
(thermometers)
• 3. Change in the electrical properties
• 4. Generation of an emf (voltage) at the junction
of dissimilar metals
• 5. Change in the intensity of total radiation
emitted.
Resistance Temperature Detector
• Positive temp. co-efficient
• Negative temp. co- efficient
• Change the temp. variations into equivalent changes
in resistance
• Relation between temp. Resistance
•
Types of resistance transducers
1. Platinum resistance thermometer (PRT)
2. Thermistors
RTD Probe
Measurement Technique using the RTD
• Advantages of RTD:
1. They can be used for measurement of small as well as large
temperature differences.
2. High accuracy.
3. High reproducibility i.e. its characteristics will remain unchanged.
4. Good dynamic response i.e. it responds very quickly to the changes in
temperature.
5. Wide temperature range (-200°C to 650°C).
6. No need of temperature compensation.
7. Stability of performance over a long period of time.
• Disadvantages of RTD :
1. Large size
2. Sophisticated instrumentation is necessary for protection of resistance
wire.
3. Low resolution of the order of 7 ohms/°C
4. External de power source is required.
5. High cost
Displacement Transducer
• Linear Variable Differential Transducer(LVDT)
Digital Tachometer
Question
• Compare active and passive transducers and
also explain primary and secondary transducer
with an example.
• Write short note on displacement (LVDT)
transducer.
• Explain temperature transducer. What is RTD
transducer?
