GEOLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY OF SOME BASEMENT ROCKS IN

JIMGBE AND ITS ENVIRON PART OF SHEET 247 LOKOJA SOUTHWEST,

NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

BY

JACOB MELODY KENYODE

20GL1026

DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PRINCE ABUBAKAR AUDU UNIVERISTY, ANYIGBA,

OCTOBER, 2023
 GEOLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY OF SOME BASEMENT ROCKS IN

JIMGBE AND ITS ENVIRON PART OF SHEET 247 LOKOJA SOUTHWEST,

NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

BY

JACOB MELODY KENYODE

20GL1026

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PRINCE ABUBAKAR AUDU UNIVERISTY, ANYIGBA

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR DEGREE IN SCIENCE ([Link]. HONS) DEGREE IN GEOLOGY

OCTOBER, 2023.

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 DECLARATION

I, JACOB MELODY KENYODE with Matric No. 20GL1026 declare that this project work is a

true result of my research studies and investigations and has not been submitted to any other

university for the award of Degree. However, all materials used outside my primary sources

have been duly acknowledged.

JACOB MELODY KENYODE Date

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 CERTIFICATION

This project work have been read and approved as satisfying part of the requirements for the

award of Bachelor of Science ([Link]) Degree in Geology.

Dr. K. G. Ugbena Date

(Supervisor)

Mr. Y. Baba Date

(Project Coordinator)

Dr. R. Ayuba Date

(Head of Department)

External Examiner Date

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 DEDICATION

I dedicate this project to God, who made it all possible and to my loving parents whose support
and encouragement I have enjoyed throughout my study time.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A vehement and profuse thanks and gratefulness to God Almighty who gave me grace and

protection during turmoil and for the successful completion of my study

Special thanks, gratitude, appreciation and profound gratefulness goes to my parents and entire

family for their steady unrest to make sure I uphold the aim of becoming a successful student and

their support in academic finances; they are both caring and loving parents.

I give thanks to my articulate supervisor, the person of Dr. K. G. Ugbena for his patience,

understanding and for being a good listener for he took most of his time explaining facts about this

project and his relentlessness during the field work; his efforts clearly outcrop this work to what it

has become. Appreciation and thanks goes to the Head of Department, Dr. R. Ayuba for his

outstanding leadership, tireless efforts and intellectual advices and verbal tutorials on field

procedures and on procedures concerned with the Department and also outside the Department. An

appreciable gratitude to the lecturers of the Department who in one way or the other guided me

through the years and on this project work; Mr. L. Adamu, Mr. Y. Baba, Dr. Y. Gideon, Dr. D

Obasaju, Mr. O. Danga, Mr. E. Abel, Mr. A. Usman, Mrs. M. Lekdukun, Mr. G. Ochu, Mrs. M.

Ijaleye, Mr. O. Ibrahim for they all have been of great help.

The place of my jovial and good friends such as Ojonugwa Okpanchi, Abel Ebiloma, Abel Enejo,

and awesome course mates such as Muzamil, Oluwasayo, Mariam, Justin and my entire

departmental level mates especially my group members cannot be undermined.

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 ABSTRACT
This study covers a detailed petrographic characterization of rocks around Jimgbe part of the
southwestern basement complex of Nigeria. The study area lies within the geographic
coordinates latitudes N07042’00’’and N07043’00’’ and longitudes E06044’00’’ and E06045’00’’,
part of sheet 247 SW Lokoja with an area extent of 3.42km2. Field mapping on a scale of 1:12,
500 was carried out to understand the mineralogical composition of rocks within the study area.
The lithological units identified in the study area are migmatite gneiss and banded gneiss. The
thin section analyses result for migmatite gneiss shows quartz (53.44-57.73%-%), biotite
(7.73%-10.34%), plagiocase (3.60%11.49%), orthoclase (3.07%-5.17%), hornblende (0.00-
0.56%), muscovite (0.00%-6.18%), microcline (18.75%-19.31%), opaque (1.00%-2.06%) while
the results of banded gneiss shows quartz (55.26%-55.60%), biotite (14.67%-19.12%),
plagioclase (5.04%-5.26%), orthoclase (2.10%-4.58%), hornblende (0.00%-1.81%), muscovite
(3.21%-8.24%), microcline (7.86%-13.30%) and opaque (2.75%-3.15%). Minor rocks in area
are quartzo-feldspartic veins and pegmatites. These major rocks in the area show high content of
quartz and belong to the group of intermediate rocks by classification. The high Quartz content
is also an indication that the rocks will be resistant to weathering and erosion activities in the
area. They can therefore be of economic value such as for construction and building purposes.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgments v

Abstract vi

Table of Contents vii

List of Figures Viii

List of Tables ix

List of Plates x

CHAPTER ONE: GENREAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Location and Accessibility 1

1.3 Topography and Drainage 2

1.4 Climate and Vegetation 2

1.5 Scope of Work 3

1.6 Aim and Objectives of the study 3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Regional Geology of Nigeria 4

2.2 Regional Geology (Geology of SW Basement Complex) 5

2.2.1 Migmatite Gneisss complex 6

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2.2.2 The schist belt 6
2.2.3 Older granites 6

2.2.4 Charnockites 7

2.2.5 Undeformed acid and basic dykes 8

2.3 Lithologic groups of the Nigeria Basement Complex 8

2.3.1 The Northern Province 10

2.3.2 The Eastern Province 10

2.3.3 The Southwestern Province 11

2.4 Geochronology of the Basement Rocks of Southwestern Nigeria 11

2.5 Local geology 12

2.6 Review of previous works 13

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Desk Study 15

3.2 Field Methods 15

3.2.1 Reconnaissance Mapping 15

3.2.2 Detailed Mapping 15

3.3 Laboratory Methods (thin section) Analysis 17

3.3.1 Sample preparation 19

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

4.1 Field Occurrence 22

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4.2 Major Rock types 22

4.3 Minor rocks/intrusions 24

4.4 Structure Analysis

4.5 Discussion 34

4.6 Economic geology 35

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary 36

5.2 Conclusion 36

5.3 Recommendations 36

Geologic Map 37

References 38

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1: Location of the study area 2

Fig 2.1: Geologic map of Nigeria 6

Fig. 4.1: Trend of fold in the study area 28

Fig. 4.2: Rose diagram showing fractures strikes trending NE-SW 28

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 LIST TABLE

Table 4.1: Table 4.1: modal compositions of minerals present in the five rock samples studied 29

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 LIST OF PLATES
Plate 3.1 Hillquist machine used in the cutting of rock 21

Plate 4.1a: Porphyritic granite Location 1 23

Plate 4.1b: Porphyritic granite Location 1 23

Plate 4.2: Migmatite gneiss Location 3 23

Plate 4.3: Granite gneiss Location 5 24

Plate 4.4 Quartzo-feldspartic vein 25

Plate 4.5: Pegmatite 25

Plate 4.6: Fracture on the migmatite gneiss 27

Plate 4.7: Fold on the migmatite gneiss 27

Plate 4.8: micrograph of porphyritic granite under ppl in location 1 30

Plate 4.9: micrograph of porphyritic granite under xpl in location 1 30

Plate 4.10: micrograph of porphyritic granite under ppl in location 2 30

Plate 4.11: micrograph of porphyritic granite under xpl in location 2 31

Plate 4.12: micrograph of migmatite gneiss under xpl in location 3 31

Plate 4.13: micrograph of migmatite gneiss under ppl in location 3 31

Plate 4.14: micrograph of migmatite gneiss under ppl in location 4 32

Plate 4.15: micrograph of migmatite gneiss under xpl in location 4 32

Plate 4.16: micrograph of granite gneiss under ppl in location 5 32

Plate 4.9b: micrograph of granite gneiss under xpl in location 5 33

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