CBTP PHASE ONE

Chapter One
acknowledgement

first of all we would like to mention our greater gratitude to CBE coordinators and our
adviser ato and to biomedical engineering department to
demand behind as through over all data collection analysis and interpretation .

SECONDLY ,we would like to appreciate ,Jimma university ,institute of technology for
affording such a fascinating opportunities that enabled as to identify the communities and
to give recommendation for the problem

LASTLY ,we would like to say thanks to kito furdisa caffe manager that give enough food
supply during our trip and also our very willing to acknowledgement all GINJO kebele
managers and security stuffs ,who greatly care for our solitude and give us necessary
information as well.

abstract

This report deals with about house hold socio-economic and demographic which include
socio- demographic characteristics like sex, religion, age and ethnicity ,level of education ,
occupation and marital status ,house hold like income and asset of family ,availability of
biomedical facility such as health imitation ,type of service given to the community from
health institutions and family health care and finance in the GINJO kebele.

Introduction

As far as one is living within the community, sharing happiness and sorrow, cooperating, facing,
and solving problems together are factors sustaining the interaction with that community. Since
we are part of the community, both the community’s roses and thorns are ours. We, as educated

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and responsible part of the society, are expected to identify and point out what these problems
are.

The aim of this work is to establish a good relationship with the community, to know the status
and living standards of the community, and to identify the socio-economic problems of our
society. We have tried our best to dig out these problems together with their impacts on the
development and better life of the community in Ginjo.

Throughout our survey in the kebele we have tried to identify the problems regardless of family
status, housing, income and asset, power and energy supply, transportation and communication
as well as small scale industries of the society.

1.1. Background of the study area

Ginjo kebeles is found in Oromia region is Jimma zone regarding geographically boundaries by

Direction Boundary kebele

East…………………………………………..kebele 5 (mendere qochi)

West…………………………………………kebele (bacho bore) and Ginjo Guduro

North………………………………………..kebele (ganda walagee)

South………………………………………...kebele (jiireen)

 Ginjo is known as kebele 4 and found in jimma town the whole areas in Ginjo consist of
14814 peoples, from those 7154 are females and 7660 are males. The number of houses
found in this kebele is 2481; as statistics show in 2010 E.C .we interviewed 135 people
within 45 house from those 70 are male and 65 are female.
 Ginjo kebeles has six zone each zone have their owner security commutes and keep their
zone by working with the police of the state.

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 Ginjo kebele have different institution. We classified them as governmental and religious
organization and we list it below.
GOVERMENTAL INSTUTION
 Jimma university main campus
 Jimma teacher college

 FB campus

 Primary school of genjo

 Ajib branch CBE bank

 Jiren CBE branch bank

 Aba Jiffar Dashin Bank
RELIOGIOS ORGANAZATION

From the public there exists seven mosques, three protestant church and one orthodox church. In
Ginjo kebeles there are many high way lights but some of them are not functional.

Overview of CBE and its objectives [1]

Community Based Education, CBE is an education policy which enhances the interaction
between the student and the community benefitting both groups. It is a means of developing
students who can identify and solve the problems of the community by giving the opportunity to
work closer to the community. Students get the knowledge that helps them how to solve the
identified problems and give suggestions and constructive recommendations by involving in this
program.

Jimma University is the national pioneer of community based higher education with the motto,

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“we are in the community”. CBE has been accepted and is being worked on since the
establishment of Jimma Health Institute.

There are three basic stages that the CBE lunches to achieve its strategies.

• CBTP- community based training program.

• TTP- team training program

• SRP- student training program.

OBJECTIVES OF CBE

1.2.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES

 To give students the experience of living and working with the community by asking questions
and exchanging ideas.

 To look into the demographic, social, economic and environmental standard of the community.

 To know what the problems of the community are as far as our field of study is concerned.

 To help students know the target point of application of appropriate technologies.

1.2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 To strengthen the team spirit between the students.

 To elaborate the educational, social, economic and occupational status of the community to the
student.

 To give the student the experience of conducting researches, studies, questionnaires and team
works.

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 To help the student get information how to collect, organize, analyze and interpret data.

 To develop the capacity of the student to take time on how to take measurements on the
problems.

We are now working on the strategy type which is CBTP, an integrated institutional program. It
was began in Kingston, Jamaica in 1978 by ten educational institutions though it was started in
late 17th century. It was introduced latter in Ethiopia, particularly in Jimma University in 1983.
This course is performed in community and last for three weeks for academic year. It is
classified with phases. This is phase one and it goes with the flow to other phase programs.

1.3. Methodology
In order to accomplish target planning of CBTP phase one problem identification we use the
following methodologies.

• Geographical mapping

• Questionnaires paper

• Direct observation

• Stationary materials

1.3.1. Data collection techniques

We have used some essential tools that are helpful for our project. Some of them are
questionnaires distributed for the students to collect the desired data, map of the area under
consideration for the project and different materials such as food storing and writing equipment.
We also used different techniques and methods. This includes interview with some people of the
area through the questions provided on the questionnaires, observation and by capturing some
photos of the problem that we have observed in the site of study (GINJO).the first thing we did as
soon as we arrived the kebele was contacting the kebele officials to receive some important

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information s about the kebele and to get the kebele map. And then we become in to pairs to go
to the houses we randomly select.

1.3.2. Sample data and method of data analysis

For this project about 100 houses are randomly selected as sample and for each houses a pair
of students were assigned.

The data was collected by distributing the members of the group throughout the site. Nine
questionnaires per student were provided. From the overall collected data we have been able to
know different kinds of problems that the society is facing specially problems related to our
field of study. The way we analyze the data we collected was counting the responses we got for
each question and changing the numbers into percentage values so that we can simply conclude
about the issue we are working on based on it.

Chapter Two

House Hold Socio Economic and Demographic

Composition

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Demographic Composition

This data describes the general distribution of the community in Ginjo. It also explains the
distribution of the community based on age status, sex, religion, and ethnicity, level of education,
occupational status, marital status and income assets.

2.1. Age & sex status

Age status

This data shows the age distribution of the people in Ginjo since this demographic survey was
conducted in different age intervals such as children (0-15), youths (16-30), adults

(31-45) as well as (46-60) and elders (>60). This data is summarized in the table & graph
below.

Age Number of people percentage

0-15 135 28.72

16-30 168 35.74

31-45 90 19.14

46-60 55 11.70

>60 22 4.70

Total 470 100

Table 2.1 Age status distribution

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5%
12%
29% 0-15
16-30
31-45
19% 46-60
>60

36%

As we can infer from the data provided above youths aging from 16-30 constitutes the larger
number of the society and elders aging >60 takes the least number.

Sex status

The next data is about the sex distribution of the people of Ginjo for 100 houses we visited.

sex Number of people Percentage

Males 231 49.15

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Females 239 50.85

Total 470 100

Table 2.2 Sex status distribution

Column1

49%
51%

Females Males

So we can simply conclude that most of the members of the community are females.

2.2. Ethnicity & Religion

Ethnicity

In Ginjo kebele the population is diversified and there are many ethnic groups including oromo,
amhara, tigre, silte, yem, gurage, kaffa, dawro, wolayta etc. however, the majority of the people
is oromo . This data is summarized as:-

Ethnicity Number of people Percentage

Oromo 246 52.34

Amhara 135 28.72

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Tigre 5 1.48

Indian 3 0.63

Walayta 6 1.27

Silte 20 4.50

Yem 14 2.97

Kaffa 24 5.11

Dawro 14 2.98
Table 2.3 Ethnicity

Fig 2.3 Ethnicity

oromo Amhara Tigre Indians walayta silte Yem Kaffa Dawaro

Religion

As the project we have done shows a greater number of people living in Ginjo follows

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Orthodox religion. Muslims take the second place and few in number are Protestants. The
Following table shows the numerical data and percentage of the religions in Ginjo.

Religion Number of followers Percentage

Muslim 178 37.87

Orthodox 175 37.23

Protestant 110 23.40

Other 7 1.5

Table 2.4 Religion

Religion
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Religion

Muslim Orthodox Protestant Other

Fig 2.4 Religion

2.3. Educational status

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The educational status of the community Ginjo is classified in to different educational levels such
as kg and elementary, high school, preparatory, diploma, degree, masters and [Link] we
identified majority of the people are illiterate.
Level of Illiterat KG Elementary High- Preparat Diploma Degree Masters
education e school ory
Number of 120 24 107 70 30 30 80 9
people
Percentag 25.53 5.10 22.76 14.89 6.38 6.38 17.02 1.94
e

Table 2.5 Educational status

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
NUMBER OF PEAPLE PERCENTAGE

ILLITRATE KG ELEMENTARY HIGHSCHOOL

PREPARATORY DIPLOMA DEGREE MASTERS

Fig 2.5 level of education

2.4. Occupational status

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As a matter of fact every human being must work to live. The people of GINJO involves in our
data implies that most of the community are students and merchants.

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2.5. Marital status

Marital status was also one of the demographic categories we took a look at and we classified it

Marital status Number of people Percentage

Married

Unmarried

Divorced

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Widowed

2.6. Income and assets

According to our group assessment there are many sources of income in Ginjo
kebele. These are salary, agricultural products, business /trade/ labor and rent.
Most people who are living in this area get their sources of income from their
salary as indicated by the data.
Source
percentage

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Chapter Three
Biomedical facilities availability
In this chapter we are going to discuss issues like preferred health institutions based on different
criteria like the service provision, payment, availability of maternal services and services for
children, and so on. We are also going to see about denying of services and referral cases.

3.1. Availabilities of Health Institutions in the Vicinity

There are both private and public health institutions in the vicinity. Private health institutions
are categorized as higher, medium and lower level based on the service they provide and their
capacity while public health institutions are categorized as health post, health center and
referral hospital. According to our observation both public and private institutions exist in the
vicinity.

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Preferred health institutions

Table 3.1 Preferred health institutions

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So as our data shows us most of the community prefer to go to public health institutions during
sickness.

3.3. Better provision of health service by health service providers

Service of treatment that are given by health institutions differ from one another. This might be
because of the professionals, lack of equipment, sanitations problems and population number
that choose the institution. So this chart shows the response of the community about which
service provider is better.

Better health institution Number of people preferred the percentage

institution

Public 27 27.27

Private 72 72.72

Total 99 100

Table 3.2 service of health institutions based on better treatment

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Fig 3.2 service of health institutions based on better treatment

Depending on the chart we can summarize the data as private clinics give better treatment
than public health institutions.

3.3. Health institutions preference of the community based on payment

The payment that people pay for health institutions for the same kind of health problem vary in
private clinics and in public health institutions due to several reasons. According to the data we
collected public health institutions are much cheaper than private health institutions.

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3.4. Diagnostic service health institutions

Diagnosis means examination and identification of an illness based on symptoms observed on

the patient. This diagnostic service differs from one another. One may give a better diagnostic
service than the other because of some reasons. From the suggestion of the community, the data
collected is tabulated as follows:

Types of diagnostic center giving Number of houses getting better service percentage
better service from the preferred health institutions

Public 15 15.15

Private 84 84.84

Total 99 100

Table 3.3 Diagnostic service

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Fig 3.3 Diagnostic service

As we tried to know from the society most of them believe that the diagnostic services provided in
public health institutions are much better than that of private clinics.

3.6 Denying of diagnostic due to instrumental failure

The problem of medical instruments failure is a problem that occurs in some health institutions.
This failures of medical Instrument leads patients to suffer because they have to use another way
to get treatment

Denying of diagnostic service due to Number of people denied percentage

instrumental failure

Yes 20 20.4

No 78 79.59

Total 98 100

Table 3.4 Denying of diagnostic service due to instrumental failure

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3.6. Availability of special facilities for children within health institutions in the vicinity
Health institutions give treatment for children in different way at different level. The table and
graph below indicates the special health facilities for children in Ginjo kebele.

Special facilities for children of Number of houses percentage

preferred health institution

Yes 44 44.44

No 25 25.25

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Sometimes 30 30.30

Total 99 100

Table 3.5 Special facilities for children of preferred health institution

Fig 3.5 Special facilities for children of preferred health institution

As we can see from the table and graph above most of the health institutions in this vicinity
provides special facilities for children.

3.9. Facility of maternity

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Public health institutions provide better maternity service than private ones in this vicinity.
3.10. Referral case
When the communities face a problem during illness and surgery they should be transfer referral
hospitals. From our sample some of the people went to Addis Ababa to get a better health care
facility. But the majority didn’t because of lack of money even if they were suggested to do so.

Go to Addis Ababa due to non Number of houses percentage

availability of diagnostic material

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Yes 16 16.16

No 83 83.83

Total 99 100

Table 3.7 Referral case

Chapter Four
Family health care and finance
This chapter deals with family health care issues like purification of water, biomedical
apparatuses found at home, the way they manage their health related problems and so on.

4.1. Purification of water

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Purification of water is one of the major issues of community health care. Especially in the rainy
seasons the probability of contaminated tap water will be high and these causes varies
contagious diseases in the community like. The following table shows the number of houses and
of water.

Purification of water Number of houses percentage

Yes 15 15.306

No 83 84.69

Total 98 100

Table 4.1 Purification of water

purification

As we can infer from the data most of the people in the kebele don’t purify water. Rather they
simply use tap water.

4.2. Availability of first aid box for emergency treatment

First aid materials are very essentials because when someone is injured we can give him/her a
first aid treatment before going to hospital. This prevent the patient from suffering from the
injury and dying because of losing more blood. In first aid box we can get:-

-Alcohols -bandages – cotton – Iodine – scissors – gloves etc.

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The data we got from the community of Ginjo concerning first aid box availability is summarized
as follows:-

First aid box In emergence case Number of houses percentage

Yes 20 20.20

No 79 79.79

Total 99 100

Table 4.2 first aid box

Fig 4.2 First aid box availability

This means Most of the community doesn’t have first aid box in their house.

4.3. Availability of biomedical apparatus

Biomedical apparatus are devices used to check up our body’s biological activities such as our
body temperature, blood pressure etc. the chart given below tells us about how many apparatus
we obtain during our data collection.

Availability of biomedical apparatus Number Total Percentage

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Yes Thermometer 3 12 12.25

sphygmomanometer 6

Others 3

No 87 87 87.75

Table 4.3 Availability of biomedical apparatus

Fig 4.3 Availability of biomedical apparatus

The data provided above tells us that most of the community don’t have such biomedical
apparatuses like thermometer and sphygmomanometer to check their health status.

4.4. Availability of pharmacy

The availability of pharmacy in this vicinity, means Ginjo kebele, is shown below.

Availability of pharmacy Number percentage

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Yes 98 98.98

No 1 1.01

Total 99 100

Table 4.4 Availability of pharmacy

Fig 4.4 Availability of Pharmacy

We can conclude that most of the society can get a pharmacy service.

4.5. Average money spend per month for family health care
Almost in every house we researched, we found the same thing which is, to look for money from
different sources during sickness rather than saving money per month for health care. But in
some family they spent money per month for some cases like checking their blood pressure.

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4.6. Free Medical Service

Free medical service is a service given for the people who do not have enough income for getting
medical treatments. Especially during treatments with excessive expenses. The free medical
provided for people of Ginjo as we have identified in our survey is shown below

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4.7. Management of Excessive Medical Expenses

People face a lot of unexpected problems managing their medical [Link] manage this they
use different method such as: using money from their personal saving, ask for lone, ask donation
from different area and etc. Here is a data we collected concerning this phenomena .

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4.8. Handicapped People

Handicapped people are people who are disable to do something due to an injury to some part of
the body or by genetic problem. The following data shows the frequency of handicapped people
in Ginjo kebele.

Type- Frequency Percentage

3

Normal 467 99.36

Blindness 1 0.21

Deafness 0 0.0

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Psychiatry 0 0 .0

Paralyzed 2 0.42

Total 470 100

Table 4.7 Frequency of handicapped people

Fig 4.7 Frequency of handicapped people

We can say that almost all of the community have no physical disabilities.

4.9. Undertaking Routine

During our data collection we observed that almost no people undertake checkup before getting
sick. But sometimes expecting women get checked.

Check up for family Number of houses percentage

Yes 21 21.21

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No 78 78.78

Total 99 100
Table 4.8 undertaking routine

Fig 4.8 undertaking routine

4.10. Journey of the patient to health institutions out of vicinity

The people from each house use various transportation method to go to health institution when
they get sick. This data is presented as follows:-

Modes of transportation Frequency percentage

Ambulance 9 9.183

Taxi 30 30.061

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Bajaj 59 60.2

walk

Total 98 100
Table 4.9 Modes of transportation

Fig 4.9 Modes of transportation

According to our data bajajs play a very important role in taking patients to the health
institutions.

4.11. Satisfaction with service provided

Everybody goes to health institutions to get good services by well trained professionals with
medical equipment’s by fair price for every service. From our data some people were satisfied
by the service they are given in the health institutions while others do not. Let us see the table:-

Satisfaction by health institutions Number percentage

Satisfied 34 34.34

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Unsatisfied 65 65.65

Total 99 100

Table 4.10 Satisfaction by health institutions

Fig 4.10 Satisfaction by health institutions

Most of the community is satisfied with the service health institutions found in this vicinity gives.
However, there are some people dissatisfied and their reasons of dissatisfaction are presented
below.

Reason for dissatisfaction Frequency percentage

Biomedical equipment’s problems 4 4.04

Unreasonable price 29 29.29

Diagnosis problems 26 26.26

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Others 40 40.40

Total 99 100
Table 4.11 Reason for dissatisfaction

Fig 4.11 Reason for dissatisfaction

So as we can see from the data most of them are dissatisfied because of diagnosis problems.

4.12. Diagnostic service fees

Diagnostic service fees Number of house percentage

Cheap 3 3.061

Expensive 17 17.34

Fair 78 79.59

Total 98 100

Table 4.12 Diagnostic service fees

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Most of the community thinks that the service payment asked in the health institutions are
relatively fair.

4.13. Recommended health institutions

People have recommended us different health intuitions based on fee, good treatment, and
distance from the home as well as kind of treatment they want and also based on age. Here is the
table below showing recommended health institutions:

Recommended health institutions Frequency percentage

JUSH 27 27.55

Shenen gibe hospital 18 18.36

Higher clinics 13 13.26

Medium clinics 33 33.67

Lower clinics 17 17.34

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Total 98 100
Table 4.13 Recommended health institutions

Chapter Five
Conclusion, Recommendation and Limitation
5.1. Conclusion

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5.2. Recommendation

 Community based training program (CBTP) is implemented at Jimma Univeristy as a

wonderful educational strategy to fix community problems by students and make
students competent, responsible and productive citizen. Therefore, we have to give
solution for problems that we observe at the time of CBTP problem identification phase.
These are:-

 There are some people who are illiterate and some hang up at grade 10. So we
recommend the concerned body to give awareness for the society regarding education.

 There is lack of quality health institutions due to diagnostic problem unreasonable price,
medical equipment failure, and unnecessary appointments. For this reason the
government should construct standardized health institution with qualified professional
presence of biomedical apparatus in health institution.

 Some health institution asks unreasonable and expensive fee for the service so
government and people should work hand to hand to solve this problem since it is a start
of being illegal.

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5.3. Limitations

While we carried out this study we face some limitations which we classified in to four.

5.3.1. Limitation of the community

 Many individuals could not understand the aim and goal of the CBTP because of
lack of awareness.

 Un willingness of some individuals to tell exact information

5.3.2. Limitation of the study

This sample study is insufficient because of the collection of some unreliable data. The
other reason for this limitation of the study is from students, the university and the
community because whole problems of the community were not identified, and problem
solving becomes different.

5.3.3. Limitation from the student

• Unable to give attention to the program

• Unable to communicate with society due to language difference
• Unable to use their time properly on the field
• They does not have awareness about the self-centered learning

5.3.4. Limitation from the university

The university has its own limitation for this community based training program. Let us
mention some of it.

1 Short period allocation for data collection.

2 Unable to give brief and clear awareness to the student and communities.

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3 Repetition of data collection by different department at some kebele Unable to

interact with the society practically.

Reference

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