Topic 1: General Physiology
PY1.1 Describe the structure and functions of a cell, intercellular communication and their
applications in Clinical care and research
PY1.2 Discuss the principles of homeostasis and feedback mechanism
PY1.3 Describe apoptosis (programmed cell death), explain its mechanism of action and
physiological significance
PY1.4 Describe and discuss various transport mechanisms across cell membranes
PY1.5 Describe the fluid compartments of the body, its ionic composition and
measurement methods
PY1.6 Describe the concept of pH and Buffer systems in the body
PY1.7 Describe the molecular basis of resting membrane potential (RMP) and generation
of action potential in a nerve fibre
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Topic 2: Haematology
PY2.1 Describe the composition and functions of blood and its components
PY2.2 Discuss the origin, forms, variations and functions of plasma proteins and its clinical
implications
PY2.3 Describe the physiological structure, synthesis, functions and breakdown of
Hemoglobin. Discuss its variants and clinical significance
PY2.4 Describe Erythropoiesis and discuss its regulation in physiological and pathological
situations
PY2.5 Describe anaemias, polycythemia and jaundice and discuss its physiological
principles of management
PY2.6 Describe the formation of WBC (leucopoiesis), structure and function of various
WBC types and their regulatory mechanisms
PY2.7 Discuss 'Immunity' in terms of its types, development, regulation and physiological
significance
PY2.8 Describe the formation of platelets (thrombopoiesis), structure, functions and
variations
PY2.9 Describe hemostasis, coagulation pathways, mechanism of action of anticoagulants
and briefly discuss pathophysiological aspects of bleeding and clotting disorders
(e.g. hemophilia, purpura)
PY2.10 Discuss types of blood groups, clinical importance of blood grouping,
blood banking and transfusion
PY2.11 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT,RBC indices
PY2.12 Describe the test to measure Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR),
Osmotic fragility, Hematocrit, and interpret its findings
PY2.13 Describe steps for reticulocyte and platelet count
Topic 3: Nerve and Muscle Physiology Number of competencies: (12) Number of
competencies that require certification : (01)
PY3.1 Describe the structure and functions of a neuron and neuroglia; Discuss nerve
growth factors
PY3.2 Describe the types, functions, properties of nerve fibers including strength duration
curve, chronaxie and rheobase
PY3.3 Classify nerve injury and discuss the mechanism of degeneration and regeneration
in peripheral nerves
PY3.4 Describe the microscopic structure of neuro-muscular junction (NMJ) and
mechanism of neuromuscular transmission
PY3.5 Discuss the applied aspects of neuromuscular junction: Myasthenia gravis, Lambert
Eaton syndrome and neuromuscular blocking agents
PY3.6 Describe the different types of muscle fibres, their structure and physiological basis
of action potential
PY3.7 Describe properties, action potential and molecular basis of muscle contraction in
skeletal muscle
PY3.8 Describe properties, action potential and molecular basis of muscle contraction in
smooth muscle
PY3.9 Describe the mode of muscle contraction (isometric and isotonic), energy source,
muscle metabolism and gradation of muscular activity
PY3.10 Enumerate and briefly discuss myopathies
PY3.11 Perform Ergography and calculate the work done by a skeletal muscle
PY3.12 Observe with Computer assisted learning (i) Amphibian nerve - Muscle experiments
(ii) Amphibian cardiac experiments
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Topic 4: Gastro-intestinal Physiology Number of competencies: (12)
Number of competencies that require certification : (01)
PY4.1 Describe the functional anatomy of digestive system
PY4.2 Enumerate various Gastrointestinal hormones (GI) hormones, discuss their
functions and regulation
PY4.3 Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of
saliva
PY4.4 Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of
gastric juice. Discuss various gastric function tests
PY4.5 Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of
pancreatic juice including various pancreatic exocrine function tests
PY4.6 Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of
intestinal juices
PY4.7 Describe the physiology of digestion and absorption of nutrients
PY4.8 Describe GIT movements, its regulation and physiological significance
including defecation reflex and the role of dietary fibres
PY4.9 Describe the structure, functions and secretion of liver and gallbladder with
elaboration of various liver function tests
PY4.10 Describe the Gut-Brain Axis and its physiological significance
PY4.11 Discuss (in brief) the applied physiology of GIT viz. Peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal
reflux disease, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, Adynamic ileus, Hirschsprung's
disease
PY4.12 Obtain relevant history and conduct correct General and Clinical examination of the
abdomen in a normal volunteer or simulated environment
Topic 5: Cardiovascular Physiology Number of competencies: (16) Number of
competencies that require certification : (03)
PY5.1 Describe the functional anatomy of heart including chambers and coronary
circulation
PY5.2 Describe the properties of cardiac muscle including its morphology, electrical,
mechanical and metabolic functions
PY5.3 Describe generation and conduction of cardiac impulse along with the conduction
pathway (including pacemaker potential)
PY5.4 Discuss the physiological events occurring during the cardiac cycle, concurrent
pressure volume changes, generation of heart sounds and murmur
PY5.5 Describe the physiology of electrocardiogram (E.C.G), the cardiac axis and its
applications
PY5.6 Discuss physiological variations in ECG waveforms, abnormal waveforms and
intervals, arrhythmias, heart blocks and myocardial Infarction
PY5.7 Discuss haemodynamics of circulatory system
PY5.8 Describe and discuss local and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms
PY5.9 Describe heart rate, factors affecting heart rate, and its regulation
PY5.10 Describe cardiac output, factors affecting cardiac output and its regulation
PY5.11 Describe blood pressure, factors affecting blood pressure and its regulation
PY5.12 Describe and discuss regional circulation including microcirculation, lymphatic
circulation, cerebral, capillary, skin, foetal, pulmonary and splanchnic circulation
PY5.13 Describe the patho-physiology of shock, syncope heart failure with physiological
basis of its management
PY5.14 Record blood pressure and pulse at rest and in different grades of exercise and
postures in a volunteer or simulated environment
PY5.15 Record and interpret normal ECG in a volunteer or simulated environment
PY5.16 Obtain relevant history and conduct General and Clinical examination of the
cardiovascular system in a normal volunteer or simulated environment
Topic 6: Respiratory Physiology Number of competencies: (13) Number of
competencies that require certification : (02)
PY6.1 Describe the functional anatomy of respiratory tract and non-respiratory functions of
lungs
PY6.2 Describe the mechanics of normal respiration, pressure changes during ventilation,
lung volume and capacities (Static and Dynamic)
PY6.3 Describe the alveolar surface tension, compliance, airway resistance, ventilation,
V/P ratio, diffusion capacity of lungs
PY6.4 Discuss the transport of respiratory gases viz Oxygen and Carbon dioxide across
lungs and whole body
PY6.5 Describe the chemoreceptors (peripheral and central) and neural centres of
respiration including chemical and neural regulation of respiration
PY6.6 Describe and discuss the pathophysiology of dyspnoea, hypoxia, cyanosis,
asphyxia, drowning, periodic breathing and oxygen therapy
PY6.7 Discuss various lung function tests and their clinical significance in obstructive and
restrictive lung diseases
PY6.8 Discuss the physiology of high altitude and acclimatization
PY6.9 Discuss the physiology of deep sea diving and decompression sickness
PY6.10 Perform Spirometry and interpret the findings (Digital/Manual)
PY6.11 Describe principles and methods of artificial respiration
PY6.12 Obtain relevant history and conduct correct General and Clinical examination of the
respiratory system in a normal volunteer or simulated environment
PY6.13 Demonstrate the correct technique to perform measurement of peak expiratory flow
rate in a normal volunteer or simulated environment
Topic 7: Renal Physiology Number of competencies: (9) Number of
competencies that require certification : (NIL)
PY7.1 Describe the functional anatomy of kidney and non-excretory functions of kidney
PY7.2 Describe the structure and functions of juxta glomerular apparatus and role of
renin-angiotensin system
PY7.3 Describe the mechanism of urine formation involving processes of filtration
(Glomerular filtration), tubular reabsorption and secretion
PY7.4 Describe the mechanism of urine concentration and dilution (counter current
Multiplier and Exchanger )
PY7.5 Describe the renal regulation of fluid and electrolytes and acid-base balance
PY7.6 Describe the innervations of urinary bladder, physiology of micturition and its
abnormalities
PY7.7 Describe cystometry and discuss the normal cystometrogram
PY7.8 Discuss various Renal Function Tests with its physiological significance and clinical
implication of Renal clearance
PY7.9 Discuss the role of artificial kidneys, dialysis and indications of renal transplant
Topic 8: Endocrine Physiology Number of competencies: (7) Number of
competencies that require certification : (NIL)
PY8.1 Describe the functional anatomy of endocrine glands, mechanism of hormonal
action (steroid and peptide) and hypothalamus pituitary axis {HPA}
PY8.2 Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport, physiological actions, regulation and
effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of pituitary gland
PY8.3 Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport, physiological actions, regulation and
effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of thyroid gland including thyroid
function tests
PY8.4 Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport, physiological actions, regulation and
effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of adrenal gland and its function tests
PY8.5 Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport, physiological actions, regulation and
effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of parathyroid gland with emphasis of
physiology of bone and calcium metabolism
PY8.6 Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport, physiological actions, regulation and
effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of pancreatic gland including pancreatic
function tests
PY8.7 Describe the Physiology of Thymus and Pineal Gland
Topic 9: Reproductive Physiology Number of competencies: (10) Number
of competencies that require certification : (NIL)
PY9.1 Explain sex determination, sex differentiation and their abnormalities and discuss
the effects of removal of gonads on physiological functions
PY9.2 Describe and discuss puberty: Onset, progression, stages; early and delayed
puberty
PY9.3 Describe the functional anatomy of male reproductive system, functions of testis,
spermatogenesis and discuss the functions and regulations of testosterone
hormone
PY9.4 Describe the functional anatomy of female reproductive system: Functions of ovary
and its hormones (estrogen and progesterone); hormonal regulation by
hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG axis)
PY9.5 Discuss the menstrual cycle, uterine and ovarian changes, hormonal regulation and
its implications in reproductive physiology
PY9.6 Enumerate male and female contraceptive methods, rationale of its prescription,
side effects and its advantages and disadvantages
PY9.7 Discuss the physiology of pregnancy, parturition and lactation
PY9.8 Discuss the physiological basis of various pregnancy tests
PY9.9 Discuss the hormonal changes and their effects during perimenopause and
menopause
PY9.10 Discuss the common causes of infertility in a couple and role of IVF in managing a
case of infertility
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Topic 10: Central Nervous System Physiology Number of competencies:
( 20) Number of competencies that require certification : (02)
PY10.1 Describe and discuss the functional organization of central nervous system (brain
and spinal cord)
PY10.2 Describe the functional anatomy of peripheral nervous system (including autonomic
nervous system)
PY10.3 Classify the neurotransmitters and discuss the chemical transmission in the
nervous system
PY10.4 Discuss the classification, functions and properties of synapse
PY10.5 Discuss the classification, functions and properties of reflex
PY10.6 Discuss the classification, functions and properties of receptors
PY10.7 Discuss somatic sensations, ascending tracts, (sensory tracts) and applied aspects
of sensory system
PY10.8 Discuss Physiology of pain including pain pathways and its modulation with special
emphasis on gate control theory of pain
PY10.9 Describe the course of descending tracts (pyramidal and extra pyramidal), its
clinical implications including difference in Upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower
motor neuron (LMN) lesions
PY10.10 Discuss types and clinical features of spinal cord lesions (complete, incomplete
transection and hemisection - Brown Sequard syndrome)
PY10.11 Describe functional anatomy of cerebellum, its connections, functions and clinical
abnormalities
PY10.12 Discuss functional anatomy of basal ganglia, its connections, functions and Clinical
abnormalities
PY10.13 Discuss the mechanism of maintenance of tone, posture and control of body
movements
PY10.14 Discuss functional anatomy of thalamus, its connections, functions and clinical
abnormalities
PY10.15 Discuss functional anatomy of hypothalamus and limbic system, its connections,
functions and clinical abnormalities
PY10.16 Discuss functional anatomy of cerebral cortex, its connections, functions and
Clinical abnormalities
PY10.17 Discuss the structure and functions of reticular activating system, sleep physiology
and EEG waveforms during sleep wake cycle
PY10.18 Discuss the physiological basis of memory, learning and speech and clinical
alterations in speech
PY10.19 Obtain relevant history and conduct correct General and Clinical examination of the
nervous system: Higher functions, sensory system, motor system, reflexes in a
normal volunteer or simulated environment
PY10.20 Obtain relevant history and conduct correct General and Clinical examination of the
cranial nerves in a normal volunteer or simulated environment
Topic 11: Special Senses Number of competencies: ( 7) Number of
competencies that require certification : (NIL)
PY11.1 Describe and discuss physiology of smell and its applied aspects
PY11.2 Describe and discuss physiology of taste sensation and applied aspects
PY11.3 Describe and discuss functional anatomy of ear and auditory pathways, vestibular
apparatus and equilibrium
PY11.4 Discuss physiology of hearing, pathophysiology of deafness and hearing tests
PY11.5 Discuss functional anatomy of eye, visual pathway, light and pupillary reflex and
clinical implication of lesions in visual pathway
PY11.6 Discuss physiology of image formation, refractive errors and physiological principles
of its management
PY11.7 Discuss physiology of vision including colour vision and colour blindness
Topic 12: Integrated Physiology Number of competencies: (10) Number of
competencies that require certification : (NIL)
PY12.1 Describe physiological mechanism of temperature regulation
PY12.2 Discuss adaptation to altered temperature (heat and cold) and mechanism of fever,
cold injuries and heat stroke
PY12.3 Discuss cardio-respiratory and metabolic adjustments during exercise (isometric
and isotonic), effects of physical training under different environmental conditions
(heat and cold)
PY12.4 Discuss physiological consequences of sedentary lifestyle; metabolic and
endocrinal consequences of obesity and metabolic syndrome
PY12.5 Describe physiology of Infancy, Interpret growth charts and anthropometric
assessment of infants
PY12.6 Describe and discuss physiology of aging, role of free radicals and antioxidants
PY12.7 Discuss the concept, criteria for diagnosis of Brain death and its implications
PY12.8 Discuss the physiology of yoga and meditation
PY12.9 Obtain history and perform general examination in the volunteer/simulated
environment
PY12.10 Demonstrate Basic Life Support in a simulated environment
Old Topic (2019)
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
PY1.1 Mammalian Cell
PY1.3 Intercellular Communication
PY1.2 Principles of Homeostasis
PY1.4 Apoptosis
PY1.5 Transport mechanisms across Cell Membranes
PY1.6 Fluid Compartments of the Body
PY1.7 Concept of pH and Buffer Systems in the Body
PY1.8 Molecular basis of Resting Membrane Potential and Action Potential in
Excitable Tissue
PY1.9 Functions of the Cells and its Products, its Communications and
Applications in Clinical Care and Research
HAEMATOLOGY
PY2.1 Blood Components
PY2.2 Plasma Proteins
PY2.3 Haemoglobin
PY2.4 RBC Formation
PY2.5 Different types of
PY2.6 WBC Formation
PY2.10 Types of Immunity - Development of Immunity
PY2.7 Platelets
PY2.8 Hemostasis
PY2.9 Blood Groups
PY2.11.1 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT;
PY2.11.2a Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT;
PY2.11.2b Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT;
PY2.11.3 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT;
PY2.11.4 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT;
PY2.11.5 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT;
PY2.11.6 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT
PY2.12 Test for ESR, Osmotic fragility
PY2.13 Steps for Reticulocyte and Platelet Count
NERVE and MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
PY3.1 Structure and functions of a neuron and neuroglia
PY3.2 Types, Functions and Properties of Nerve Fibers
PY3.3 Peripheral Nerves - Degeneration and Regeneration in Peripheral Nerves
PY3.4 Neuro-muscular junction and transmission of impulses
PY3.5 Action of Neuro-Muscular Blocking Agents
PY3.6 Pathophysiology of Myasthenia Gravis
PY3.7 Types of Muscle Fibers and their Structure
PY3.8 Muscle Types
PY3.9 Molecular Basis of
PY3.10 Mode of Muscle Contraction
PY3.12 Gradation of Muscular Activity
PY3.13 Muscular Dystrophy Myopathies
PY3.11 Energy Source and Muscle Metabolism
PY3.18 Computer Assisted Learning
PY3.14 Ergography
PY3.15 Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and record
changes in cardiorespiratory parameters
PY3.16 Harvard Step Test
PY3.17 Strength-Duration Curve
GASTRO-INTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
PY4.1 Structure and Functions of Digestive System
PY4.2 (A) Saliva, Gastric, Pancreatic, Intestinal Juices and Bile Secretion_A
PY4.3 GIT Movements, Regulation and Functions. Defecation Reflex. Role of Dietary Fibre
PY4.4 Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients
PY4.5 Source of GIT Hormones, their Regulation and Functions
PY4.2 (B) Saliva, Gastric, Pancreatic, Intestinal Juices and Bile Secretion_B;
PY4.7 Structure and Functions of
PY4.8 Gastric Function Tests, Pancreatic Exocrine Function Tests and Liver
Function Tests
PY4.9 Physiology Aspects of
PY4.6 Gut-Brain Axis
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PY4.10 Clinical Examination of the Abdomen in a Normal Volunteer
Cardiovascular Physiology (CVS)
PY5.1 Functional Anatomy of Heart
PY5.2 Properties of Cardiac Muscle
PY5.3 Cardiac Cycle
PY5.4 Describe Generation, Conduction of Cardiac Impulse
PY5.5 Physiology of Electrocardiogram (ECG)
PY5.6 Abnormal ECG
PY5.7 Haemodynamics of Circulatory System
PY5.8 Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms
PY5.9 Factors Affecting
PY5.10 Regional Circulation
PY5.11 Patho-Physiology
PY5.12.3a Record,
PY5.12.3b Record
PY5.13 Record and Interpret - Normal ECG
PY5.14 Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests in a Volunteer
PY5.15 Correct Clinical Examination of Cardiovascular System in Normal
Volunteer
PY5.16 Record Arterial Pulse tracing Finger Plethysmography
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
PY6.1 Functional Anatomy of Respiratory Tract
PY6.2 Mechanics of
PY6.3 Transport of Respiratory Gases
PY6.4 Physiology of High Altitude and Deep Sea Diving
PY6.5 Principles of
PY6.6 Patho-Physiology of
PY6.7 Lung Function Tests
PY6.8 Spirometry
PY6.9 Clinical Examination of the Respiratory System
PY6.10 Technique to perform measurement of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
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RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
PY7.1 Structure and Function of Kidney
PY7.2 Juxta Glomerular Apparatus and Role of Renin-Angiotensin System
PY7.5 Juxta Glomerular Apparatus and Role of Renin-Angiotensin System
PY7.3 Mechanism of Urine Formation
PY7.6 Physiology of micturition and its abnormalities
PY7.8 Renal Function Tests
PY7.4 Significance and Implication of Renal Clearance
PY7.7 Artificial kidney, dialysis and renal transplantation
PY7.9 Cystometry and discuss the normal cystometrogram
ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY
PY8.1 Physiology of Bone and Calcium Metabolism
PY8.2 A Synthesis, Secretion, Transport, Physiological Actions Pituitary gland;
PY8.2 B ; PY8.2 C; PY8.2 D
PY8.4 Function Tests
PY8.5 Metabolic and Endocrine Consequences of
PY8.6 Differentiate Mechanism of Action of
PY8.3 Thymus and Pineal Gland
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
PY9.1 Sex determination; sex differentiation and their abnormities
PY9.2 Puberty
PY9.3 Male Reproductive System
PY9.4 Female Reproductive System
PY9.5 Physiological Effects of Sex Hormones
PY9.6 Contraceptive Methods for Male and Female
PY9.7 Effects of Removal of Glands on Physiological Functions
PY9.8 Physiology of pregnancy, parturition and lactation
PY9.9 Normal Semen Analysis Report
PY9.10 Physiological Basis of Various Pregnancy Tests
PY9.11 Hormonal Changes
PY9.12 Infertility - Role of IVF
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
PY10.1 Orzanization of Nervous System
PY10.2 Functions and Properties of Synapse, Reflex, Receptors
PY10.3 Somatic Sensations and Sensory Tracts
PY10.4 Motor tracts
PY10.5 Structure and Functions of
PY10.6 Spinal Cord
PY10.7 Functions of
PY10.8 Behavioural and EEG characteristics during Sleep
PY10.9 Physiological Basis of
PY10.10 Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System
PY10.11.1 Clinical Examination of the Nervous System; PY10.11.2 Clinical
Examination of the Nervous System; PY10.11.3 Clinical Examination of the
Nervous System; PY10.11.4 Clinical Examination of the Nervous System;
PY10.11.4a Clinical Examination of the Nervous System; PY10.11.4b Clinical
Examination of the Nervous System
PY10.12 Normal ECG Forms
PY10.20 DOAP
PY10.13 Perception of smell and taste sensation
PY10.14 Patho-Physiology of Altered Smell and Taste Sensation
PY10.15 Functional anatomy of ear and auditory pathways and physiology of
hearing
PY10.16 Pathophysiology of deafness
PY10.17 Functional anatomy of eye, physiology of image formation, physiology
of vision
PY10.18 Physiological Basis of Lesion in Visual Pathway
PY10.19 Auditory and Visual Evoke Potentials
INTEGRATED PHYSIOLOGY
PY11.1 Mechanism of Temperature Regulation
PY11.2 Adaptation to altered temperature (Heat and Cold)
PY11.3 Mechanism of fever, cold injuries and heat stroke
PY11.4 Cardio-Respiratory and Metabolic Adjustments
PY11.5 Physiological Consequences of Sedentary Lifestlye
PY11.6 Physiology of Infancy
PY11.7 Physiology of aging; free radicals and antioxidants
PY11.8 Cardio-Respiratory Changes
PY11.9 Interpret Growth Charts
PY11.10 Anthropometric Assessment of Infants
PY11.11 Criteria for Diagnosis of Brain Death and its Complications
PY11.12 Physiological Effects of Meditation
PY11.13 History and Perform General Examination in the Volunteer
PY11.14 Basic Life Support in a simulated Environment
