JMC Projects India Ltd.

POCKET BOOK FOR QUALITY CONTROL

Project- Gajapati & Kandhamal Water

Supply Scheme- 2316

Prepared by : [Link] RAY

Reviewd by : Mr. Abid Hasan &
Approved by : Mr. Chittaranjan Sahu
Contents:
1 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
Sl. Description Page No.
No.
1 JMC Quality Pledge (English & Hindi) 5-6
2 ISO Certificate 7
3 JMC Quality Policy 8
4 JMC Mission & Vision 9
5 JMC Objective 10
6 Major works for KWSP 11
7 Define QC and QA 12
8 Who QC and QA & Imp guidance for 13
QA
9 Responsibility for QA and QC 14-15
10 Basic difference of QA vs QC. 16
11 Construction Quality Plan 17-18
12 10 Important point to ensure 19
13 9 Core elements of a Quality 20
management Systems
14 8 Easy ways to improve construction 21
effciency on the project

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15 7 QC Tools 22
16 7 QMS priciples 23
17 6 Simple Achieve process for ‘RFI’ 24
18 PDCA Cycle 25
19 Project Completation Inspection 26
20 Nine Most Coomon Problems 27-29
Observed and what can be done
21 ISO Manuals Lists 30
22 Some Imp. IS Codes list 31-34
23 Some IS Codes Mechanical list for 35-37
Water Project
24 Approved Method Staement list 38-39
25 Approved PQP & ITP list 40-41
26 Approved QAP list 42-43
27 Important notes for Construction 44
quality
28 Some Imp. QMS Audit checklist 45-47
lists with no.

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29 8 Steps for concrete construction 48
30 Details of concrete 49
31 Some Imp. Construction 50-68
Materials details
32 Do’s & Don’ts for concrete work 69-76
33 Imp. Construction materials 77-89
laboratory testing list
34 Best intitaves for our KWSP site. 90-91
35 Mix Design summary for KWSP 92
36 Field Test procedure for cement 93
37 Field Test for Brick 94-99
38 Field Test procedure for sand 100-102
quality
39 Some Imp. Conversion unit 103-104
40 Abbreviations 105-106

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 Major works for OGKR:
Sr. Item Description Unit Qty.
No
1 RAW WATER INTAKE CUM PUMP No. 2
HOUSE / Floating Jetty
2 WATER TREATMENT PLANT- MLD 63.0
Conventional Type(Cascade aerator, Flash & 2.5
mixer, Clariflocculator, Filter House, Wash
water tank, administrative block, Clear water
sump, pump house etc.)
3 PUMP SET & ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LS 66
4 ELEVATED SERVICE RESERVOIRS/ Nos. 103
GROUND LEVEL SERVICE
RESERVOIRS
5 RAW WATER RISING MAIN km 30.92
(DI K-9 pipe-700mm dia)
6 CLEAR WATER RISING MAIN Km. 645.03
(MS Pipe- 700 mm dia.)
7 Clear water feeder Network (DI K-9 pipes Km 307.13
100 mm to 700 mm dia.)
8 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK km 3505.0
(HDPE Pipe :90 mm-160 mm) & (DI Pipe
Class K7: 200mm-300mm dia.)
9 NO OF FHTC NO. 65036

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 (Ultrasonic level sensor, Pressure sensor,
Turbine flow meter, Valve actuator motor)

Define QC and QA:

Quality: A degree or grade of excellence or
worth.
Assurance: The act of giving confidence, the state
of being certain or the act of making certain.
Quality Assurance: The planned and Systematic
activities implemented in a quality system so that
quality requirements for a product or service will
be fulfilled.
Control: An evaluation to indicate needed
corrective responses; the act of guiding a process
in which variable is attributed.
The observation techniques and activities used
to fulfill requirements for quality.

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Who QC and QA?
QC: Usually the Contractor (or a third party) is
responsible for performing Quality Control (QC)
making sure that the standards are meet for
production.
QA: Usually the Government or outside third
party is responsible for performing Quality
Assurance (QA). QA is spot-checking of contract
compliance, test results and ultimately making
sure that the quality control process is working.
Imp. guidance for QA:
Following are the main guidance on what is required
per contract as far as the QA/QC concerned.
 Policy and Guidelines
 Standard and Specifications
 Rules and Regulations
 Terms and conditions of the contract.
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 Responsibility for QA and QC:

Responsibility for QA:

 Involves regular but random testing of
materials and workmanship (time
based or work based intervals).
 Prevent, identify and correct quality-
related problems.
 During the construction process, QA
instructor mostly provide guidance
and leadership to the construction
people.

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Responsibility for QC:

.The construction contract defines the quality

standards and the quality control testing
requirements.
.The contractor must prepare a detail quality
control plan for each definable feture of work
detailing on how the quality standard will be
achived. (Do we apply?)
.The quality control plan must be approved before
the starts of the particular work.
.The contract requires that the QC testing lab be
validated by the approved source (Institutions,
consultant, competent testing house / farm or
agency. etc.)

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Basic difference of QA vs QC.
Quality Assurance(QA): “ Do it right the first time” –
Preventive Quality checks.
Quality Control: Fix it when ever it goes or is going
wrong.(In recent years, QA is defined to include to QC)
QC QA
Focus Product quality at a Project process
given moment
Character Reactive (defects the Preventive (blocks
issues when they are the issues by
already in) detecting
vulnerabilities)
Starting Requirement Project planning
Point gathering stage stage most
(efficient)
Present in each Any point in the
iteration SDLC when the
project is in trouble
Tools and Various type of testing Quality metrics
Measures Testing metrics Review

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Construction Quality Plan:

Cnstruction quality plan is that procuring agency

want to know how you are going to control the
quality on their projects.
So, when you write your plan, make it clear how
you will control all areas of the project that affect
quality- not just what inspections and tests you’ll
perform.
For exapmle, controlling materilas, personal sub
contractors, and work procedure also play an
important role in ensuring quality results.

So how you propose quality plan !!

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The following you should be purpose for
Quality Plan:

1. Project Personal
2. Quality Communication
3. Quality assurance surveillance
4. Sub-contractor and suppliers
5. Project Quality Specifications
6. Inspections and Tests
7. Control of non-confermances
8. Project completation inspections .

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10 Importatnt points to ensure
construction quality control:

1. Start with the right workers.

2. Invest in technology.
3. Use the right material.
4. Check and check again.
5. Protect completed work.
6. Avoid scope creep.
7. Audit and test.
8. Repair deficiencies immediately.
9. Have supplier and vendor expectations
from the start.
10. Ensure safety and compliance.

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9 Core elements of a Quality
management Systems:
1. Quality objectives.
2. Quality manual.
3. Organizational structure and
responsibilities.
4. Data management.
5. Process.
6. Customer satisfaction with product quality.
7. Continious improvement.
8. Quality instruments.
9. Document control.

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8 Easy ways to improve construction
effciency on the project:
1. Improve your planning.
2. find good construction management
software.
3. Start using building information modeling.
4. Listen to your staff.
5. Invest in training.
6. Improve your communication.
7. Establish performance measurements and
hold your crew accountable.
8. Impliment prefabrication and modular
construction in to your projects.

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7 QC Tools:

[Link]-and-Effect Diagrams/Fishbone
Diagrams
[Link] charts
[Link] Charts
[Link] diagrams
5. Histograms
[Link]
[Link]

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7 Quality Mangement Principles:

These priniciples are as follows:

[Link] focus..
[Link]..
[Link] of people..
[Link] approach..
[Link]..
6. Evidence-based decision-making..
[Link] management..

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6 Simple Achieve process for Right
First Time:
We must Get It Right First Time
By:
• Better control of resources
• Giving everyone the right tools to do
the job
• Telling them what is required
• Making each person aware of their
contribution
• Giving each person the means to
monitor their own quality
• Demanding quality from the internal
supplier
PDCA Cycle:
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Project Completation Inspection:

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Project handing – taking : committee
 Detail measurements
 Check for Defects
 Un completed works as per
the contract
 Additional Works
 Finishing
 Etc…

Nine Most Coomon Problems Observed and

what can be done:
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[Link]. Problems What cab be done
1 Design, Documents should undergo
Drawings, scrutiny by equally
specifications competent persons (human
not clear, not errors are natural)
complete

2 No drawings at Always carry drawings, you

site cannot remember every
thing
3 Site engineers .Read, read & read to
do not read the understand what you are
documents supposed to do.
. Ask the
seniors,architects,designers
if you do not understand.
4 No site . Contractor is responsible
engineer at site day to day supervision.

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 . Make it mandatory in the
contract document to post a
qualified site engineer.
. Government engineers
check on contractor’s
engineer and monitor
important quality aspects.
5 Even Physical Checking of Size, shape,
parameters of slope, length, breath, depth,
works and weight, volume, diameter,
materials not etc, etc., is possible… please
checked do it.
6 Everything is Make best use of the
not possible to engineering knowledge.
be detailed in Above all use common sence
the documents to solve practical problems.

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7 Poorly or no Records are iomportant are
record many reasons, for
maintained accountability, for future
reference, for improvement,
keep proper records.
8 Inadequate Conduct regulat meeting to
communication review progress, to resolve
with the problems,to understand
contractor each other better.
9 Poor or no . Site management is equally
maangement at important for safety and
the work site public conveience.
(Safety for the . Need little extra efforts to
workers & guide the contracto’s on
general public) storage of
materials,equipment, tools
& cleaning up of site after a
day’s work.

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ISO Manual List:

S.L no. Manuals Name

01 Apex Manual – R17
02 Procedure Manual – R17
03 Format Manual – R17
04 Job Description for site – R17
05 Store Manual – R17
06 Laboratory Manual – R17
07 Procurement Manual – R17
08 Plant & Machinary manual – R17
09 EHS Manual – final- R17
10 Matrix - R17
11 Summary of Changes - R17

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Some imp. IS Codes list:
Sr. Code Name of IS Codes
No. No. &
Year
1 IS 383- Specification for coarse and fine
2016 aggregates from natural sources for
concrete
2 IS 456- Plain and Reinforced Concrete -
2000 Code of Practice
3 IS 516- Method of tests for strength of
1959 concrete
4 IS 1077- Common burnt clay building bricks
1992 – Specification
5 IS 1199- Methods of sampling and analysis
1959 of concrete
6 IS 1489- Specification for Portland
(Part-1) pozzolana cement Part 1 Fly ash
2015 based
7 IS 1542- Specification for sand for plaster
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 1992
8 IS 1786- High strength deformed steel bars
2008 and wires for concrete
reinforcement- Specification
9 IS 2062- Hot Rolled Medium & High
2011 Tensile Structural Steel -
Specification
10 IS 2212- Code of practice for brickworks
1991
11 IS 2250- Code of Practice for Preparation
1981 and Use of Masonry Mortars
12 IS 2386- Methods of Test for Aggregates for
(Part-1) Concrete - Part I :Particle Size and
1963 Shape
13 IS 2386- Methods of test for aggregates for
(Part-3) concrete Part 3 Specific
gravity, density, voids, absorption
and bulking
14 IS 2386- Methods of test for aggregates for
(Part-4) concrete Part 4 Mechanical
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 1963 properties
15 IS 2386- Methods of Test for Aggregates for
(Part-5) Concrete - Part V:
1963 Soundness
16 IS 2386- Methods of test for aggregates for
(Part-6) concrete: Part 6
1963 Measuring mortar making
properties of fine aggregates
17 IS 2502- Code of Practice for Bending and
1963 Fixing of Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement
18 IS 2720- Methods of Test for Soils - Part 29:
(Part-29) Determination of Dry
1975 Density of Soils In-place by the
Core-cutter Method
19 IS 3495 Methods of tests of burnt clay
(Part-1 building bricks: Part 1
to 4) Determination of compressive
1992 strength Part 2 Determination of

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 water absorption Part 3
Determination of efflorescence
Part 4 Determination of warpage
20 IS 3535- Methods of sampling hydraulic
1986 cement
21 IS 4082- Recommendations on stacking and
1996 storage of construction
materials and components at site
22 IS 4926- Ready-Mixed Concrete - Code of
2003 Practice
23 IS 8112- Specification for 43 grade ordinary
2013 Portland cement
24 IS 9103- Concrete Admixtures -
1999 Specification
25 IS 10262 Guidelines for concrete mix design
-2009 proportioning
26 IS 12269 Specification for 53 grade ordinary
-2013 Portland cement
Some IS Code Mechanical for Water Project:
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 Sr. Code No. Name of IS Codes
No. & Year
1 IS 8329- Centrifugally cast (spun)
2000 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes for
Water, Gas and Sewage
2 IS 9523- Ductile Iron fittings for Water,
2000 Gas and Sewage

3 IS 12288- Code of Practice for use and

1987 Laying of Ductile Iron Pipe

4 IS 5382- Specification for Rubber

1985 Sealing Rings for Gas Mains,
Water Mains and Sewers.

5 IS 4984- High Density Polyethylene

1995 (HDPE) Pipes for Water
Supply
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 6 IS 7634- Code of practice for Laying
1975 and Jointing of Polyethylene
(PE) Pipes
7 IS 8008- Injection Module / Machined
1976 High Density Polyethylene
Fittings for Potable Water
Supplies
8 IS 1630- Specification for Mason’s
1984 Tools for Plaster Work and
Pointing Work
9 IS 1661- Code of Practice for
1972 Application of Cement and
Cement-Lime Plaster Finishes
10 IS 9012- Recommended Practice for
1978 Shotcreting (Gunite)
11 IS 3589- Steel Pipe For Water &
2001 Sewerage (168.3 to 2540 mm
Outside Diameter
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 Specification)

12 IS 814- Covered Electrodes For

1991 Manual Metal Arc Welding of
Carbon and Carbon
Manganese Steel
13 IS 817- Code of Practice for Training
1966 and Testing of Metal Arc
Welders
14 4082- Stacking and Storage of
1996 Construction Materials and
Components

Approved Method Staement list:

Sl. Name of Doc. No. Approve
N MS d Date
o.

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 1 MS for 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22
ESR & GSR /19MS/000001R0
Work
2 MS for 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22
WTP /19MS/000001R0
3 MS for DI 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22
Pipe /19MS/000001R0
laying
4 MS for 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22
HDPE Pipe /19MS/000001R0
laying

5 MS for 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22

Constructi /19MS/000001R0
on
Materials
testing
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 6 MS FOR 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22
REPAIRS OF /19MS/000001R0
POST
CONCRETI
NG
DEFECTS
7 MS For 01100/JMC/2316 14.01.22
constructi /19MS/000001R0
on of
Thrust
Block and
River
Crossing

Approved PQP & ITP list:

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 Sl. Name of Doc. No. Approved
No PQP/ITP Date
.
1 PQP-OGKR 01100/JMC/ 14.01.2022
Site 2316/19ITP/
000001R0
2 ITP for ESR 01100/JMC/ 30.04.2022
& GSR 2316/19ITP/
Work 000004R0
3 ITP for 01100/JMC/ 30.04.2022
WTP 2316/19ITP/
000003R0
4 ITP for DI 01100/JMC/ 30.04.2022
Pipe laying 2316/19ITP/
000005R0

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 5 ITP for 01100/JMC/ 30.04.2022
HDPE Pipe 2316/19ITP/
laying 000006R0
6 ITP for 01100/JMC/ 30.04.2022
CONSTRUCT 2316/19ITP/
ION
MATERIAL
000001AR0
TESTING
7 ITP For 01100/JMC/ 30.04.2022
Intake Well 2316/19ITP/
000002R0
Approved QAP list:

Sl. Name of Doc. No. Approved

No QAP Date
.
1 QAP for
TATA
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 Metaliks DI
Pipe
2 QAP for
Eloctro steel
casting Ltd.
3 QAP for Sri
Kalahasti
pipes Ltd.
4 QAP for
Electro Steel
casting Ltd.
5 QAP for IVI

6 QAP for G.M

DALUI
7 QAP FOR
HDPE PIPE
FOR

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 HINDUSTAN
PIPE
8 QAP FOR
HDPE PIPE
FOR SCM
9 QAP FOR DI
PIPE FOR
KEJRIWAL

Important Notes for Construction

Quality:

 Quality is not separate from

construction; it is an integral part.
 Quality is not only on the end
product after completion; it is in
the process during construction.
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  Ensuring quality is everyone’s
responsibility; the surveyor,
designer, suppliers and
supervisors.
 Quality is in our hands.

Some Imp. QMS Audit checklist lists

with no.:

Sr. Checklist Name Checklist

No. No.
1 Shuttering Plan FCN-AA-05
2 Phasing of Centering Material FCN-AA-04
3 Kick Off Meeting FCN-AA-01
4 Action Plan FCN-AA-02
5 Records of Hold Ups and Hindrances FCN-BB-05
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 6 Customer compliant/Instruction register FCN-BB-04
7 Record Control FQM-XX-02
8 Minutes of Meeting FCN-AA-20
9 Work Order FPR-AA-01
10 Review of Process Parameter FCN-XX-02
11 Monitoring of Recourses FCN-AA-03
12 Flash Report FCN-AA-15
13 Records of Drawing FCN-AA-06
14 Rate analysis of Extra Items FBT-BB-03
15 Memorandum of Work Done FCN-AA-21
16 RA Bill summary FCN-AA-11
17 Cement Receipt Register FCN-ST-01
18 Steel Receipt Register FCN-ST-01
19 Gate Pass FCN-ST-11
20 Asset Challan FCN-ST-A5
21 Material Issue Slip (Free/returnable) FCN-ST-13
22 Material Issue Slip (Chargeable) FCN-ST-19
23 Fortnightly report Separable asset FCN-ST-16
24 Quarterly cross site Asset Stock FCN-ST-18
25 Display of Test procedures QMP-LB-12
QMP-LB-31
26 Standard list of IS Codes QMP-LB-04
27 Record of Calibration record FCN-LB-01

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 28 Cube Register FCN-LB-10
29 Test frequency FCN-LB-17
30 Material submittal for Approval FCN-LB-18
31 Inspection and Test status FCN-CC-01
32 Control of Non-conforming product FCN-CC-03
33 Pour Cards (Pre & Post) FCN-BB-03
34 Monthly Quality Report FCN-LB-16
35 Customer Complaint Report FCN-CC-04
36 Review of training function FCN-CC-05
37 Attendance record of trainings FCN-JJ-01
38 Cost of Quality Report FCN-LB-19
39 Standard Deviation Report FCN-LB-20
40 Rolling Margin Record FCN-LB-15
41 Sub-contractors bio data FCN-BB-02
42 Initial evaluation of new vendor FPR-AA-02
43 Awareness at process parameter QMP-MA-01
44 Equipment condition report FCN-PI-01
45 Preventive Maintenance calendar FCN-PI-03
46 Daily Heavy Machinery Operator Log FCN-PM-04
book
47 Major repair approval format FCN-PI-07
48 New equipment commissioning report FCN-PI-07
49 Breakdown report FCN-PI-10
50 Crushing Plant daily log sheet FCN-PM-11
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 51 Crushing Plant Performance FCN-PM-12
52 Batching Plant daily log sheet FCN-PM-14
53 Hot mix plant Daily log sheet FCN-PM-17
54 WMM mix plant Daily log sheet FCN-PM-20
55 WMM Plant Performance FCN-PM-21

8 Steps for Concrete Construction:

1. Selected quantites of materials for

selected mix proportions.
2. Mixing
3. Checking of workbility
4. Transportation
5. Pouring in formwork for casting
6. Vibrating for proper compaction

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 7. Removal of formwork after suitable
time
8. Curing member with suitable methods
and required time.

Details of Concrete:
(1) Components of concrete:
Components of concrete are cemnt, sand,
aggregate and water. Mixer of portland cement
and water is called as [Link], concrete can be
called as a mixture of paste. The cement paste
coats the surface of the fine and coarse
aggregates when mixed throughly and binds
them. Soon after mixing the components,
hydration reaction starts which provides strength
and a rock solid concrete is obtained.
(2) Preparation for Concreting:
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 [Link] any concreting is commenced, shuttering
& cantering shall be carefully examined and
space, to be occupied by pour, should be
thoroughly cleaned out.
[Link] the form of soil surfaces shall be thoroughly
wetted shortly before concreting is commenced.

Some Imp. Construction Materials details:

Cement:
1. Cement’s should be use as per mention in
drawing/Specifications/Agreement.
[Link] Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 Grade
(Conforming to IS:8112-1989)/53 Grade
(Conforming to IS:12269-1987)/ Portland
Pozzolana Cement(PPC) (Conforming to IS:1489-
1991), Portland Slag Cement ( Conforming to
IS:455-1989) shall be use.
[Link] types of Cements shall not be mixed
together.
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[Link] Approved makes of Cement’s shall be use.
[Link]’s shall comply with all codal
requirements given IS:456-2000 are regards to
strength, quality & Storage.
[Link] Locations where chemical analysis of sub soil
revels high sulphate content, sulphate resistant
cement shall be use below ground level.
[Link]’s should be use 3Month’s from the
manufacture, Longer shall not be use in the
construction work purposes.
Imp. Checking points: Require for Good quality,
Free from moisture & within 3Month’s from
Manufacture.
Fine Aggregate(Sand):
[Link], most of which passes 4.75mm
IS Sieves are known as Fine Aggregates or
Sand.

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 [Link] shall be hard, durable, chemical inert ,
clean or free from adherent coatings , organic
matter etc. and shall not contain appreciable
amount of clay balls, or pellets and harmful
impurities , e.g. iron pyrites, alkalis , Salts,
Coal, Mica, Shell or similar laminated
materials in such from or in such quantities as
to cause corrosion of metal affect adversely
the hardening, the strength or durability or
the appearance of Mortar, Plaster or
concrete.
[Link] sum of percentage of all deleterious
materials (Such as Pyrites, Coal, Lignite, mica,
Shale or Similar laminated materials, clay,
alkali, soft fragments, she shells and organic
impurities) shall not exceed 5%, Refer Cl.3.2,
Page-6 of IS:383-1970 for deleterious
materials.
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 [Link] shall be either River Sand or Pit. It
shall be clean, Sharp, Angular and gritty to
tough and composed of hard siliceous
materials. It’s grading shall fall within the
limits of grading Zone- I,II & III as per table.
[Link] Gravity of Aggregates having
specific gravity below 2.6 (Saturated Surface
dry basis) shall not be used without approval.
[Link] content in Sand shall be measured by
Volume as per IS:383 for every truck load
before unloading at site.
[Link] Fineness of Modulus of Sand (I.e. The
Cumulative Percentage retained on the IS
Sieve sizes of 4.75MM,1.18MM,600 Micron,
300 Micron, and 150 Micron dividing the sum
by 100) shall not be less than 2.2 or 3.2.
[Link] Silt Content of Sand shall not be exceed
3%.
52 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
 [Link] of Sea Sand is not allowed.

Coarse Aggregate:
[Link] most of which are retained on
4.75mm IS sieve is known as Coarse
Aggregates shall confirm to IS:383-1970.
[Link] for concreting purpose only 40mm &
20mm sized aggregate shall be used.
[Link] aggregates for concrete work shall
be hard , strong ,durable , clean and free
from adherent coatings or other deleterious
material.
[Link] which are chemically reactive
with alkalis of cement shall not be used.

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 [Link] shall be free from impurities
such as earth, coal dust and other organic
materials.
[Link] maximum quantity of deleterious
materials shall not be more than 5% of the
weight of Coarse Aggregates.
[Link] aggregates shall be screened and
washed before use to the satisfaction of the
Engineers.
[Link] size of graded aggregates shall be
20mm for M20 concrete and 40mm for PCC.
[Link] shall be angular in shape and
have angular or crystalline surfaces.

Mineral Admixture:
[Link] admixtures conforming to IS:9103
may be used with the permission of the

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 quality, provided uniform blending with
cement is ensured.
[Link] should not impire durability of
concrete nor combine with the constituent to
form harmful compounds nor increase the
risk of corrosion of reinforcement.
[Link] workability , Compressive strength, and
the slump loss of concrete with and without
the use of Admixtures shall be established
during the trial mixes before use of
Admixtures.
[Link] chloride content of Admixtures shall be
independently tested fpr each batch before
the acceptance.
[Link] two or more admixtures are used
simultaneously in the same concrete mix,
data should be obtained to assess their
interaction and to ensure their compatibility.
55 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
 [Link] procedure for mixing admixtures as
defined by the manufacture shall be strictly
followed.

Water:
Water using for mixing and curing shall be
clean and free from injurious quantities of
alkalis, acids, oils, salts, sugar, organic
materials, vegetable growth or other
substances that can be deleterious to bricks,
stone, concrete, or steel. Potable water is
generally considered satisfactory for mixing.
The PH value of water Shall not less than 6.
Water found suitable for mixing is also
suitable for Curing. However, water use for
curing shall not be produce any objectionable
56 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
 stain or unsightly deposit on surface. The
presence of tannic acid or iron compounds in
the water meant for curing is objectionable.
Sea water shall not be used for mixing or
curing of concrete due to presence of
harmful salts in sea water. Under
unavoidable circumstances, sea water may
be used for mixing or curing in plain concrete
with no embedded steel.
The contractor shall make necessary
arrangements for distribution, storage,
filtration and/or treatment (as necessary to
maintain the required quality) of water
required for concreting and curing works at
sites.
S.l Test Name IS code Permissible Limit
no. for Test
1 Organic 200 mg/l

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2 Inorganic IS 3025 3000 mg/l
3 Sulphates (part- 400 mg/l
4 Chlorides 18,24, 2000 mg/l for not
32,17) containing embedded
steel) 500 mg/l (for RCC)
5 Suspended 2000 mg/l
matter
Brick:
Ensure you are using good quality bricks
He bricks should not be soaked in water prior
to use. However, a light moistening with
water may be done to avoid absorption of
water from the cement mortar.
Before commencing masonry work, the line
out shall be carried out for the entire area
using a steel tape. The dimensions shall be
checked with GFC (Good For Construction)
drawings.

58 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 The brick masonry shall be preferably laid in a
composite mortar with mix ratio as
mentioned in specification and drawing.
The mortar proportions shall be either 1:4 or
1:6. The mortar, when mixed, shall have a
slump of 75mm
The thickness of mortar joints shall be 10 mm
both horizontally and vertically. The mortar
shall be spread over the entire top surface of
the brick
The mortar shall be raked out from the joints
with a trowel of each course and is laid to a
depth of 10mm to 12 mm, so as to ensure the
good bond for the plaster.
The height of the wall to be done in a day’s
work shall be restricted to 1 metre.

59 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 The first course of masonry shall be laid with
great care, making sure that it is properly
aligned, leveled and plumbed.
The bricks for this course shall first be laid
dry, (that is without mortar) along with a
string tightly stretched between properly
located cornerstones. When the bricks are
set in proper position, the two cornerstones
shall be removed, a full mortar bedspread
and these bricks laid back in place truly level
and plumb.

Reinforcement:
The reinforcement shall be HYSD(High yield
strength deformed ) round bars of grade-
500D and shall comply with IS:1786
(Specifications for Cold twisted steel bars for

60 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 concrete reinforcement. Grade of steel used
only as per mentioned agreement.
Only Approved of steel shall be used like that-
SAIL/RINL/TATA/Jindal Steel/ Shyam Steel).
Contractor shall submit Mill Certificates of
Reinforcing steel.
All reinforcement shall be free from loose mill
scales, loose rust and coats of paint , oil, mud
or other coatings, which may destroy or
reduce bond.
Nominal size and tolerance shall be specified
in IS:432,Part 1.
To use any other make of reinforcing steel
shall be checked and passed all the necessary
standard laboratory tests ( to determine the
yield point, ultimate strength, percentage of
elongation bend test, and weight as per

61 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 IS:1786-2008) succeeding the written
approval from - Design/Quality Head.

Formwork:
Shuttering should be use in steel or Ply.
It’s should be clean.
Require for de-moulding agents apply in
shuttering inner faces.
It should be line, level & Plumb-bob.
It should be water tightness.

Imp. Checking Points are:

Require for checking of Center lines, Line,
Level, Plumb- bob, De-moulding agents,
Water tightness
Mixing Procedure:
The mixing of concrete shall be strictly
carried out in a mechanical concrete mixer.
62 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
 The mixing equipment shall be capable of
combining the aggregates , Cement, Sand
and water within the specified time into a
thoroughly mixed and uniform mass , and of
discharging the mixer without segregation.
The order of pouring material in mixer shall
be as follows:-
First Water then Cement then Sand and then
aggregates.
The entire batch shall be discharged before
recharging.
The mixing period shall be measured from
the time when all the solid materials are in
the mixer drum provided that all of the
mixing water shall be introduced. The
mixing time in no case shall be less than two
(2) minutes.

63 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 The contractor shall have to find suitable
place to operate the mixing machine in a
safe manner.
Mixing shall be continued until there is a
uniform distribution of materials and the
mass in uniform in colour and consistency.

Tollerance limits:
S.l Type of Deviation Tollerance Limit
no
1 Deviation from +12 mm
specified diemensions -6 mm
of crossection of
column and beams

64 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 2 Deviation from
diemensions of
footings:
(i) Diemensions in +50 mm
plan -12 mm

0.02 times the width of

(ii) Eccentricity the footing in the
direction of deviation
but not more than 50
mm

(iii) Thickness ±0.05 times the specified

thickness
Removal period of formwork:
S.l Type of formwork Minimum
no period
a Vertical formwork to 16-24 h
columns , walls, beams
b Soffit formwork to slabs 3days

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 c Soffit formwork to beam 7days
d Props to slabs:
(i) Spanning up to 4.5mt. 7days
(ii) Spanning over 4.5mt. 14days
e Props to Beams & Arches:
(i) Spanning up to 6mt. 14days
(ii) Spanning over 6mt. 21days

Correct method for Vibrator using:

66 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 [Link] penetration
a few inches into
previous lift (Which
should not yet be
rigid) of systematic
regular intervals will
give adequate
consolidation.

2. Start Placing at
bottom of slope so
that compaction is
incresed by weight of
newly added concrete.

67 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 Incorrect method for Vibrator using:
1. Haphazard random
penetration of the
vibrator at all angles and
spacings without
sufficient depth will not
assure in time
combination of two
layers.
2. When placing is begun
at top of slope thw
upper concrete tends to
pull apart especially
when vibrated below as
this starts flow and
removes from concrete
above.
Do's and Don'ts for concrete work:
68 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
Concrete is a complex construction material
consisting of different ingredients, which have
different functions. The properties of concrete
depend on the particular mixture of constituents.
The basic constituents used to make concrete are
cement, lime, water, aggregates, and admixtures.

Your concreting work can be successful if it

involves a good planning and right practices.
Most of the repair and maintenance problems
may occur in the building due to bad practices in
concrete construction. These following Do’s and
Don’ts will make your concreting job very easy.

Do’s:
01. Do hire an experienced Concrete contractor
for successful concreting operation.

69 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

02. Also, see that the main/general contractor
hire good skilled sub/labor contractor for
concreting.
03. See that concreting is done under skilled
supervision. Never leave it to labor on site.
04. Always wear suitable PPE (Personal Protective
Equipment) before casting concrete.
05. Start placement of concrete with adequate
manpower, proper equipment and tools.
06. Always choose right cement for the particular
job. If you have confusion, ask the technical
person.
07. Always pour the concrete when the weather
conditions are favorable.
08. Suitable mix design should be used for
particular specifications (i.e. M25, M30 etc.).

70 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

09. Choose right concrete mix as per
specifications.
10. First mix the dry concrete uniformly i.e.
cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates
(either manually or in transit mixture) as per
predetermined quantity (i.e. batching of concrete
materials). A good concrete contractor will
always mix the dry concrete first.
11. Add water as per predetermined quantity
only. Always measure the water with measuring
container before adding in concrete.
12. Mix the wet concrete thoroughly for around 2
minutes to get the consistent concrete.
13. Do slump test before placing the concrete.
14. Concrete must be placed within 15 to 20
minutes of pouring water. If delayed add fresh
cement or concern the consultant.

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15. Do the proper compaction to the concrete
with a vibrator or wooden tamp to remove air
from the concrete. If compaction is not well, it
will create voids/honeycomb in concrete
resulting in leakages from the concrete structure,
thereby causing corrosion and also reducing the
strength. This also affects the life of the structure.
16. Pour the concrete throughout in an even
thickness.
17. Always keep on checking the stability of
props/ supports of formwork below.
18. See that the covers insert doesn’t get
displaced.
19. Finish the surface and edges of concrete after
placing of concrete using with trowels or wooden
floats or metal floats. Ensure that the concrete is
finished in the same direction when troweling.

72 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

20. Do proper finishing at joints during concrete
construction.
21. Give attention towards the bleeding in
concrete. Water should not evaporate rapidly.
22. Calculate the number of cement bags
concreted per hour. If more than 25 to 30 bags
are used per hour, then mixing time allowed is
less and it should not be permitted (For 1 bag
mixture machine).
23. See that no one walks on the concrete surface
till the concrete gets hardened.
24. Do proper curing when the concrete has
hardened initially. We have already discussed
different types of curing methods. Start curing
after 6 to 10 hours.
Must Read: Things to Keep in Mind before
Concreting Footing

73 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Don’ts:
01. Don’t use damaged formwork. It affects the
concrete resulting in the honeycomb.
02. Don’t use unwashed aggregates in concrete;
it may result in a weak concrete and substantial
cost of maintenance.
03. Don’t start concreting before casting of a
concrete cube. The Strength of the concrete
should be as per predetermined mix design.
04. Don’t go for volumetric batching. Never allow
the use of gamellas.
05. Don’t use high concrete slump, excessively
high air content, or excessive fines.
06. Don’t run concrete mixer more than two
minutes resulting in segregation of concrete
constituents.

74 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

07. Don’t add more water for ease of placement
during the making of concrete.
08. Don’t use semi-dry concrete in pouring. There
will be chances of honeycomb inside the
concrete.
09. Don’t drop concrete form greater height as
this will cause segregation.
10. Don’t allow heaping of concrete at one place
during pouring.
11. Don’t vibrate the concrete after the initial
setting has taken place. (i.e. after 30 minutes)
12. Don’t finish the concrete while bleeding is
present on the surface of the concrete.
13. Unless must and unavoidable, never do
concreting at night. The lighting arrangements
are never adequate at all work places and hence
some errors can always happen somewhere.

75 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

14. Don’t remove formwork until the concrete
has gained sufficient strength.
15. When finishing of the concrete is carried out,
never throw or sprinkle the water on to the
concrete surface.
16. Don’t try to finish the dried concrete.
17. Don’t do concreting if it is raining heavily
18. Never allow child labor on site. You will land
in jail for violence of law.

76 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 Some Imp. Laboratory testing details:
Sl Material List of Tests
No.
1 Soil [Link] dry density and
optimum moisture content
by Proctor Test if applicable.
2. Field density by core cutter test
if applicable.
3. Specific gravity if applicable.
4. Determination of gradation /
sand content.
5. Determination of liquid and
plastic limits.
6. Field density by sand
replacement method.

77 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 2 Coarse 1. Specific gravity if applicable
Aggregates 2. Fineness modulus
3. Crushing value
4. Impact value
5. Flakiness Index
6. Water absorption if applicable
3 Fine 1. Fineness modulus / gradation
aggregate 2. Silt content
3. Bulkage if applicable
4. Specific gravity if applicable
4 Bricks [Link]
2. Compressive strength
3. Water absorption

5 Concrete 1. Slump Value

2. Compressive strength

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 6. Concrete 1. Compressive strength
Block 2. Water absorption
3. Density of Block

7. Cement 1. Fineness
2. Standard consistency
3. Setting time
4. Soundness
5. Compressive strength
8. Steel 1. Rolling margin
2. Elongation (external agency)
3. Ultimate tensile strength (external
agency)
4. Effective Cross sectional area
5. Bend test if applicable (external
agency)
6. Re-bend test if applicable (external
agency )

79 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 Slump Test:
Slump Test of Conceret:
Slump test is a laboratory or at site test used
to measure the consistency of concrete.
Slump test shows an indication of
the uniformity of concrete in
different batches. The shape of the concrete
slumps shows the information on
the workability and quality of concrete.
Principle of Slump Test:
The slump value of concrete is just a principle
of gravity flow of surface of the concrete
cone that indicates the amount of water added
to it, which means how much this concrete
mix is in workable condition.

80 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Procedure of Slump Test:
During Slump test following steps are followed:

First, the internal surface of the mould is cleaned,

free from moisture, and free from other old sets
of concrete.
Then place the mould on the smooth horizontal,
rigid, and non-absorbant surface.
The mould is then filled with fresh concrete in
four layers with taping each layer 25 times by
taping rod, and level the top surface with a
trowel.
Then the mould is slowly pulled in vertical and
removed from concrete, so as not to disturb the
concrete cone.
This free concrete deform all the surface to
subside due to the effect of gravity.

81 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

That subsidence of concrete in the periphery is a
SLUMP of concrete.
The height difference between the height of
subsidence concrete and mould cone in mm is
‘slump value of concrete’.
Recorded slump value of a sample is = ……… mm

82 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Shape of concrete slump
When the metal mould is removed from the
concrete cone, the slump takes the following
shapes:

True Slump: True shape of a slump is only a

verified slump. This shape is measure as the
difference between the top layer of the cone to
the top of the slump concrete.
Collapse Slump: It shows that due to a high
water-cement ratio, the shape of a slump is not a
clear dimension. It means, concrete is very high
workability, for which slump test is not suitable.
Shear Slump: This shape of slump is the same as
shear failure of soil. This is an indication of a lack
of cohesion of the concrete mix ingredients. So, a
fresh sample is taken and the test is repeated.

83 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Slump Value of Concrete:
Degree Of Placing Conditions Slump
Workability (mm)
Very Low Binding Concrete 0.75 to 0.8
(Compaction
Factor)
Low Mass Concrete, Lightly 25-75
reinforced slab, beam,
wall, column, canal, strip
footing
Medium Heavily reinforced 50-100
sections in slabs, beams,
walls, column, Slip
formwork, Pumped
concrete
High Trench Fill, In-situ piling, 100-150

Very High Tremie Concrete Flow Test

Compressive strength testing of concrete:-

84 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
The test is carried out using 150mm concrete cubes on a
Universal testing machine or compressive testing
machine.

Apparatus As per IS: 516-1959 Compressive testing

machine (2000Kn),15cm×15cm×15cm steel cube molds
or Cylinder having Dia 15cm and length 30cm are used.

Preparing of material for Cube test:

85 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
All the material must be brought and stored to
an approximate temperature of 27 ±3 degree
Celsius. Cement must be uniformly mixed
with a trowel in order there exist no lumps.

Percentage of strength in concrete:

Age in Days Percentage of strength

1 Day 16%
3 Days 40%
7 Days 65%
14 Days 90%
21 Days 94%
28 Days 99%

86 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Number of samples for testing Compressive
Strength:
Quantity of Number of Samples
Concrete (in m3) for testing of Comp.
1-5 1+1(For 7days)
6-15 2
16-30 3
31-50 4
51+ 4+1 cubes for each
additional 50m3
Procedure of Test
1. For this test mainly 150mm * 150 mm * 150
mm cube moulds are used
2. Clean the moulds properly and apply oil inside
the cube frame
3. Fill the concrete in the moulds in layers
approximately 50mm thick

87 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Compact each layer with not less than 35 strokes
per layer using a tamping rod (steel bar 16mm
diameter and 600 mm long, )
4. Level the top surface and smoothen it with a
trowel
5. The concrete cubes are removed from the
moulds between 16 to 72 hours, usually this done
after 24 hours.
6. Remove the specimen from water after
specified curing time and wipe out excess water
from the surface. Take the dimension of the
specimen to the nearest 0.2mm and then place
the specimen in the machine in such a manner
that the load shall be applied to the opposite
sides of the cube cast.
7. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate
of the machine. Rotate the movable portion

88 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

gently by hand, so that it touches the top surface
of the specimen.
8. Apply the load gradually without shock and
continuously at the rate of 140 kg/cm2/min. until
the specimen fails
9. Record the maximum load and note it

Compressive Strength of Different Grades of

Concrete at 7 and 28 Days:
Grade Min. Strength of 7 Min. Strength of
days (N/mm2) 28 days (N/mm2)
M15 9.75 15
M20 13 20
M25 16.25 25
M30 19.5 30
M35 22.75 35
M40 26 40
M45 29.25 45
89 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
MIX DESIGN:

Grade Cemen Ceme Wate Adm 20 10 River

t Brand nt r ix. mm MM Sand
M20 ULTRA 330 161.7 0.7 578.4 574.2 783.2
TECH
OPC 43
M-25 GRAD 355 163.3 0..8 570.2 566.1 772.2

M-30 390 167.7 0..8 557.4 553.4 754.9

M-20 340 163.2 0.6 565.8 561.7 766.1

ULTRA
M-25 TECH 360 165.6 0.7 557.8 553.7 755.3
PPC
M-30 390 159.9 0.7 553.6 549.6 749.7

M-20 345 169.1 0.7 559.7 555.7 757.9

M-25 ACC 360 162.0 0.7 561.0 557.0 759.7

PPC
M-30 390 163.8 0.7 550.9 546.9 746.0

90 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Grade Cement Ceme Water Adm 20 10 River
Brand nt ixtur mm mm Sand
e
M-20 ULTRA 330.0 165.0 0.8 447.7 666.7 819.5
TECH
OPC 43
M-25 345.0 162.2 0.8 445.9 654.0 816.2
GRADE

M-30 382.0 160.4 1.0 439.4 654.4 804.3

M-20 ULTRA 345.0 169.1 0.8 435.0 647.8 796.2

TECH
M-25 PPC 360.0 162.0 0.8 436.0 649.3 798.1

M-30 385.0 161.7 0.9 430.3 640.8 787.6

M-20 ACC 345.0 165.6 0.6 437.8 652.0 801.4

PPC
M-25 360.0 158.4 0.6 438.9 653.7 803.5

M-30 395.0 162.0 1.0 427.9 637.3 83.3

91 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Field Test procedure for Cement:
The Purity and quality of cement can be judged
by applying the following rough and ready field
test of cement:
⇰ The colour of the cement should normally be
greenish-grey.
⇰ When the hand is inserted into a bag of
cement, it should feel cool and not warm.
⇰ Any lump found in the cement bag should be
powdered by pressing between the thumb and
the fore finger. If it does not turn into powder
form, the cement is considered to be spoiled by
air setting.
⇰ It should give a smooth feeling when rubbed in
between fingers.

92 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

⇰ A handful of cement thrown into a bucket of
water should float for some time.
⇰ It should not feel oily when touched.
Field Test for Brick:
1. Size Test:
The good quality brick should have rectangular plane
surface and uniform in size. This can be checked by
measuring the brick in the field. If the size is not
uniform, the bricks should be rejected.

2. Colour Test:
A good quality brick should have uniform colour
throughout. If there is colour variation .

93 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

3. Compressive Strength Test:
It is a laboratory test.
Compressive strength test or crushing strength
test, in this test we select five sample of bricks
for testing. One brick sample is kept on the CTM
machine (Compression Testing Machine) and
then the pressure applied axially until it breaks

94 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

4. Water Absorption Test:
First take 5 bricks sample in dry condition and
weight (W1) and put it in fully submerged water,
then collected the wet bricks after 24 hours and
weight again the wet bricks (W2).
The difference of weight between dry and wet is
considered as the water absorbed by the bricks.
Water absorption = [(w2 - w1)/w1] * 100
The water absorption should not be more than
20% of its dry weight for a good quality brick.

95 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

5. Hardness Test:
In this test, we scratch with the finger nail on the
surface of the bricks. If it does not leave any
impression on the surface, then it will be
considered as a good quality bricks.
If the marks are left over the surface, these bricks
should be rejected.
When no impression should be marked.

6. Impact Test:
In this test, few bricks are dropped from the
height of 1 meter. If bricks are broken, then it

96 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

should be reject for construction work because it
shows low impact value of the bricks.
7. Efflorescence Test:
First, put the bricks in fully immersed fresh
water for 24 hours then collect bricks, and let
them dry. After completely drying of bricks then
closely observed to find out the presence of
alkali or salts. If a white or gray layer is formed
on the surface of bricks, it shows the quantity of
salts or alkali present in excess amount.
The percentage of soluble salts such as
sulphates of calcium, magnesium, sodium and
potassium should not exceed 2.5% in bricks.

8. Structure Test:
In this test, a brick is fractured and firmly
investigated. If any flaws, holes or cracks are
seen inside the broken brick, it is considered as
poor quality bricks.
It should be homogeneous and compact.

97 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

9. Soundness Test:
Take two bricks in your hands and struck with
one another. If they produce a clear metallic
sound and remains unbroken then it means they
are good quality of bricks.
If the sound is dull, the bricks should be
rejected.

98 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Field Test Procedure for Sand Quality:
There are some field test which are helps the
homeowner to check the quality of sand (Fine
Aggregate) used on the site. Here is the way to
check the quality of sand (fine aggregates) at the
site.

01. Rub the sample of the sand with wet palms.

Good clean sand will not stick to the hand,
whereas sand with clay will stick and change the
colour of the palm. Such sand contains clay and
silt particle. You need to test it for “silt content”
on site.

02. Take a glass of water and add some quantity

of sand and stir the mix. Now allow the mix to
settle and observe it after an hour. Clean sand will
settle immediately but if it forms the distinct top
layer of silt than sand contains silt or clay
99 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
particles. The thickness of the silt layer should not
exceed the thickness of the sand layer by 8%. If it
contains more than 8%, the sand should be
washed with clear water. The diameter of glass
should be uniform throughout height.

03. To find organic impurities in the sand, you

should repeat the above procedure and add caustic
soda (salt) in the glass of water. If the water
changes the colour to brown, then there must be
some organic impurities. Such sand should not be
used.

04. You should taste a pinch of sand and if it

tastes salty, the salt must be present in sand and
hence it should not be used at all in any
construction. Such sand is naturally from the river
but either it is sea sand or from an area of river
frequently affected by tidal water near the sea.
100 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)
05. The size of particles and sharpness of sand
(fine aggregates) is checked by visualization.
Sand should be free from organic impurities (like
shell, shingle, and other impurities) or they should
be in limits which are easily identified by
visualization.

06. The above are basically field tests. To finally

approve it there are certain laboratory tests like
Fineness Modulus and Silt Content by Weight
which also needs to be done. Such laboratory tests
are recommended for large projects.

101 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

Some Imp. Conversion unit:
1 kilometer 1000 meters 0.62137
(km) (m) miles
1 meter 100 1000
(m) centimeter millimeter
(cm) (mm)
1 centimeter 0.001 m 0.3937 in.
(cm)
1 micron (μ) 10-6 m
1 inch 25.4 mm 2.54 cm
1 inch 0.08333 ft 0.02778
yard
1 foot (ft) 30.48 cm 304.8 mm
1 mile 1.6093 km 1609.3 m
1 meter 39.37 in.
1 kilometer 0.6214 mile

1 yard 3 ft 36 inch

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 1 yard 0.9144 m 5.682×10-
4
mile
1 millimeter 10-3 m 0.03937 in

Volume Conversion Factors:

1 liter (l) 1000cm3
1 liter (l) 61.02 in3
1 liter (l) 0.03532 ft3
1 cubic meter (m3) 35.32 ft3
1 cubic meter (m3) 1000 l
1 cubic foot (ft )3
7.481 [Link]
1 cubic foot (ft )3
0.02832 m3
1 cubic foot (ft3) 28.32 l
1 U.S. gallon (gal) 231 in3
1 U.S. gallon (gal) 3.785 l
1 cm3 0.061 in3

103 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

ABBREVIATIONS:
ACE Accepted Cost Estimate
CA Corrective Action
CM Construction Manager
CMPC Construction Method &
Planning Centre
EDRC Engineering Design &
Research Center
EIP Enterprise Information Portal
HO Head Office
EHS Environment, Health &
Safety
ITP Inspection & Test Plan
WSP Water Supply Project
MPCS Management Planning &
Control Systems
MR Management Representative
MS Method of Statement
NCR Non Conformity Report
P&M Plant & Machinery

104 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)

 P&OD People & Organization
Department
PE Planning Engineer
PI Project In-charge
PM Project Manager
PMS Performance Management
System
PPE Personal Protective
Equipment
PQP Project Quality Plan
RFP Request for Proposal
QMS Quality Management System
QAP Quality Assurance Plan
QA Quality Assurance
QC Quality Control
SAM Site Accounts Manager
S/C Sub-Contractor
SA Site Accountant
TC Test Certificate
QUALITY IS NOT ACT IS’S A HABIT
-End-
105 Dinesh Ray (QMS-OGKR)