TPS51220

[Link]
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

Fixed Frequency, 99% Duty Cycle Peak Current Mode Notebook System Power Controller
1FEATURES
• Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 28V
2 • Powergood Output for Each Channel
• Output Voltage Range: 1V to 12V • OCL/OVP/UVP/UVLO Protections
• Selectable Light Load Operation (OVP Disable Option)
(Continuous / Auto Skip / Out-Of-Audio™ Skip) • Thermal Shutdown (Non-Latch)
• Programmable Droop Compensation • Output Discharge Function (Disable Option)
• Voltage Servo Adjustable Soft Start • Integrated Boot Strap MOSFET Switch
• 200kHz to 1MHz Fixed Frequency PWM • QFN32 (RHB)
• Selectable Current/D-CAP™ Mode Architecture
• 180° Phase Shift Between Channels APPLICATIONS
• Notebook Computer System and I/O Bus
• Resistor or Inductor DCR Current Sensing
• Point of Load in LCD TV, MFP

DESCRIPTION
The TPS51220 is a dual synchronous buck regulator controller with 2 LDOs. It is optimized for 5V/3.3V system
controller, enabling designers to cost effectively complete 2-cells to 4-cells notebook system power supply. The
TPS51220 supports high efficiency, fast transient response and 99% duty cycle operation. It supports supply
input voltages ranging from 4.5V to 28V, and output voltages from 1V to 12V. Two types of control schemes can
be chosen depending on the application. Peak current mode supports stability operation with lower ESR
capacitor and output accuracy. The D-CAP mode supports fast transient response. The high duty (99%)
operation and the wide input/output voltage range supports flexible design for small mobile PCs and a wide
variety of other applications. The fixed frequency can be adjusted from 200kHz to 1MHz by a resistor, and each
channel runs 180° out of phase. The TPS51220 can also synchronize to the external clock, and the interleaving
ratio can be adjusted by its duty. The TPS51220 is available in the 32 pin 5x5 QFN package and is specified
from –40°C to 85°C.

TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT

VREG5 VBAT
VBAT Q11 5V/100mA
C12 Q21 C22
C01
C14 C24 L2
L1 PGND PGND VO2
VO1 Q12
GND 3.3 V
5.0 V PGND PGND C21
C11 Q22
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
SW1

VBST2
VBST1

GND
VREG5

SW2
DRVL1

DRVL2

PGND PGND PGND

PGND
1 24
DRVH1 DRVH2
VO1 2 V5SW VIN 23 VBAT
R01
VREG3
3 RF VREG3 22
C03 3.3V/10mA
GND EN1 4 EN1 EN2 21 EN2
TPS51220RHB
(QFN32)
PGOOD1 5 PGOOD1 PGOOD2 20 PGOOD2
GND
SKIPSEL1 6 SKIPSEL1 SKIPSEL2 19 SKIPSEL2
R14 PowerPAD R24
7 CSP1 CSP2 18
C13 C23
CSN1
COMP1

COMP2

CSN2 17
VREF2

8
FUNC
VFB1

VFB2
TRIP
EN

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
GND
EN VREG5
R23 R21
GND
VO1 VO2
R11
R12 R22
R13 C02

GND GND GND

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2 Out-Of-Audio, D-CAP, PowerPAD are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.

This datasheet has been downloaded from [Link] at this page

TPS51220 [Link]
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

EN VIN

V5SW

+ + 1.25V + +
4.7V/ 4.5V 4.7V/ 4.5V

VREG5 VREG3
GND

+ V5OK

4.2V/ 3.8V
Ready GND

+
THOK VREF2
150/ 140 GND 1.25V
Deg-C

GND
CLK2
RF OSC
CLK1 GND

1V +5%/ 10% +
PGOOD1

Delay
+

1V -30% + 1V - 5%/ 10%

GND
UVP CLK1

Ready
Fault2
+ OVP SDN2
FUNC
1V +15% Fault1
COMP1 Ramp SDN1
+
Comp
+ PWM
CUR
VFB1
VREG5
1V + D-CAP
VFB-AMP
VREF2
Enable/ + VBST1
EN1
Soft-start Ramp Control
Comp + Logic
Skip DRVH1

CSN1 CS-AMP
SW1
+
+ OCP XCON
CSP1
100mV VREG5

TRIP DRVL1

Discharge
Control
GND GND
100mV N-OCP
VREF2 +
OOA GND
Ctrl
SKIPSEL1 GND

Channel-1 Switcher shown

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TPS51220
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VALUE UNIT
VIN –0.3 to 30 V
VBST1, VBST2 –0.3 to 35 V
(3)
VBST1, VBST2 –0.3 to 7 V

(2)
SW1, SW2 –2 to 30 V
VI Input voltage range
CSP1, CSP2, CSN1, CSN2 –1 to 13.5 V
EN, EN1, EN2, VFB1, VFB2, TRIP, SKIPSEL1, SKIPSEL2, FUNC –0.3 to 7 V
V5SW –0.3 to 7 V
V5SW (to VREG5) (4) –7 to 7 V
DRVH1, DRVH2 –2 to 35 V
DRVH1, DRVH2 (3) –0.3 to 7 V
VO Output voltage range (2) DRVL1, DRVL2, COMP1, COMP2, VREG5, RF, VREF2,
–0.3 to 7 V
PGOOD1, PGOOD2
VREG3 –0.3 to 3.6 V
TJ Operating junction temperature range –40 to 125 °C
Tstg Storage temperature –55 to 150 °C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted.
(3) Voltage values are with respect to the corresponding SW terminal.
(4) When EN is high and V5SW is grounded, or voltage is applied to V5SW when EN is low.

DISSIPATION RATINGS (2 oz. Trace and Copper Pad with Solder)

TA < 25°C DERATING FACTOR TA = 85°C
PACKAGE
POWER RATING ABOVE TA = 25°C POWER RATING
32 pin RHB 2.2 W 23 mW/°C 0.9 W

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VIN 4.5 28 V
VSS Supply voltage
V5SW –0.8 6
VBST1, VBST2, DRVH1, DRVH2 –0.1 33
DRVH1, DRVH2 (wrt SW1, 2) –0.1 6
SW1, SW2 –1.6 28
VI CSP1, CSP2, CSN1, CSN2 –0.8 13
I/O voltage V
VO
EN, EN1, EN2, VFB1, VFB2, TRIP, DRVL1, DRVL2, COMP1, COMP2,
VREG5, RF, VREF2, PGOOD1, PGOOD2, SKIPSEL1, SKIPSEL2, –0.1 6
FUNC
VREG3 –0.1 3.5
TA Operating free-air temperature –40 85 °C

ORDERING INFORMATION
ORDERABLE PART
TA PACKAGE (1) TRANSPORT MEDIA QUANTITY
NUMBER
Plastic Quad Flat Pack TPS51220RHBT Tape and Reel 250
-40°C to 85°C
(32 Pin QFN) TPS51220RHBR Tape and Reel 3000

(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at [Link].

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SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over operating free-air temperature range, EN = 3.3V, VIN = 12V, V5SW = 5V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
SUPPLY CURRENT
VIN shutdown current, TA = 25°C,
I(VINSDN) VIN shutdown current 7 15 µA
No Load, EN = 0V, V5SW = 0 V
VIN shutdown current, TA = 25°C, No Load,
I(VINSTBY) VIN Standby Current 80 120 µA
EN1 = EN2 = V5SW = 0 V
Vbat standby current, TA = 25°C, No Load
I(VBATSTBY) Vbat Standby Current 500 µA
SKIPSEL2 = 2V, EN2 = open, EN1 = V5SW = 0V (1)
V5SW current, TA = 25°C, No Load, TRIP = 5 V 1.2 mA
I(V5SW) V5SW Supply Current
ENx = 5V, VFBx = 1.05 V TRIP = 0 V 1.4 mA
VREF2 OUTPUT
I(VREF2) < ±10 µA, TA = 25°C 1.98 2.00 2.02
V(VREF2) VREF2 Output Voltage V
I(VREF2) < ±100 µA, 4.5V < VIN < 25 V 1.97 2.00 2.03
VREG3 OUTPUT
V5SW = 0 V, I(VREG3) = 0 mA, TA = 25°C 3.279 3.313 3.347
V(VREG3) VREG3 Output Voltage V5SW = 0 V, 0 mA < I(VREG3) < 10 mA, V
3.135 3.300 3.400
5.5 V < VIN < 25 V
I(VREG3) VREG3 Output Current VREG3 = 3 V 10 15 20 mA
VREG5 OUTPUT
V5SW = 0 V, I(VREG5) = 0 mA, TA = 25°C 4.99 5.04 5.09
V5SW = 0 V, 0 mA < I(VREG5) < 100 mA, V
4.90 5.03 5.15
V(VREG5) VREG5 Output Voltage 6 V < VIN < 25 V
V5SW = 0 V, 0 mA < I(VREG5) < 100 mA,
4.50 5.03 5.15 V
5.5 V < VIN < 25 V
V5SW = 0 V, VREG5 = 4.5 V 100 150 200
I(VREG5) VREG5 Output Current mA
V5SW = 5 V, VREG5 = 4.5 V 200 300 400
Turning on 4.55 4.7 4.8
V(THV5SW) Switchover Threshold V
Hysteresis 0.15 0.20 0.25
td(V5SW) Switchover Delay Turning on 7.7 ms
R(V5SW) 5V SW Ron I(VREG5) = 100 mA 0.5 Ω
OUTPUT
VFB Regulation Voltage TA = 25°C, No Load 0.9925 1.000 1.0075
V(VFB) V
Tolerance TA = –40°C to 85°C , No Load 0.990 1.000 1.010
I(VFB) VFB Input Current VFBx = 1.05 V, COMPx = 1.8 V, TA = 25°C –50 50 nA
CSNx Discharge
R(Dischg) ENx = 0 V, CSNx = 0.5 V, TA = 25°C 20 40 Ω
Resistance
VOLTAGE TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER
Gmv Gain TA = 25°C 500 µS
Differential Input Voltage
VID –30 30 mV
Range
COMP Maximum Sink
I(COMPSINK) COMPx = 1.8 V 33 µA
Current
COMP Maximum Source
I(COMPSRC) COMPx = 1.8 V –33 µA
Current

(1) Specified by design. Detail external condition follows application circuit of Figure 54.

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SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

over operating free-air temperature range, EN = 3.3V, VIN = 12V, V5SW = 5V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
CURRENT AMPLIFIER
TRIP = 0V/2V, CSN = 5V, TA = 25°C (2) 3.333
GC Gain
TRIP = 3.3V/5V, CSN = 5V, TA = 25°C (2) 1.667
Common mode Input
VIC 0 13 V
Voltage Range
Differential Input Voltage
VID TA = 25°C –75 75 mV
Range
POWERGOOD
PG in from lower 92.5% 95% 97.5%
V(THPG) PG threshold PG in from higher 102.5% 105% 107.5%
PG hysteresis 5%
I(PG) PG sink Current PGOOD = 0.5 V 5 mA
t(PGDLY) PGOOD Delay Delay for PG in 0.8 1 1.2 ms
SOFTSTART
t(SSDYL) Soft Start Delay Delay for Soft Start, ENx = Hi to SS-ramp starts 200 µs
t(SS) Soft Start Time Internal Soft Start 960 µs
FREQUENCY AND DUTY CONTROL
f(SW) Switching Frequency Rf = 330 kΩ 273 303 333 kHz
Lo to Hi 0.7 1.3 2 V
V(THRF) RF Threshold
Hysteresis 0.2 V
Sync Input Frequency
f(SYNC) 200 1000 kHz
Range (2)
tONmin Minimum On Time V(DRVH) = 90% to 10%, No Load 120 150 ns
tOFFmin Minimum Off Time V(DRVH) = 10% to 90%, No Load 290 440 ns
DRVH-off to DRVL-on 10 30 50 ns
tD Dead time
DRVL-off to DRVH-on 30 40 70 ns
(2)
V(DTH) DRVH-off threshold DRVH to GND 1 V
V(DTL) DRVL-off threshold DRVL to GND (2) 1 V
OUTPUT DRIVERS
Source, V(VBST-DRVH) = 0.1 V 1.7 5
R(DRVH) DRVH resistance Ω
Sink, V(DRVH-SW) = 0.1 V 1 3
Source, V(VREG5-DRVL) = 0.1 V 1.3 4
R(DRVL) DRVL resistance Ω
Sink, V(DRVL-GND) = 0.1 V 0.7 2
CURRENT SENSE
Current limit threshold TRIP = 0V/2V, TA = 25°C 27 31 35
V(OCL-ULV)
(ultra-low voltage) TRIP = 0V/2V 25 31 37
mV
Current limit threshold TRIP = 3.3V/5V, TA = 25°C 56 60 64
V(OCL-LV)
(low voltage) TRIP = 3.3V/5V 54 60 66
Zero cross detection
V(ZC) 0.95V < CSNx < 12.6V –4 0 4 mV
comparator Offset
Negative current limit TRIP = 0V/2V, TA = 25°C –24 –31 –38
V(OCLN-ULV) threshold
(ultra-low voltage) TRIP = 0V/2V –22 –31 –40
mV
Negative current limit TRIP = 3.3V/5V, TA = 25°C –51 –60 –69
V(OCLN-LV) threshold
(low voltage) TRIP = 3.3V/5V –49 –60 –71

(2) Specified by design.

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

over operating free-air temperature range, EN = 3.3V, VIN = 12V, V5SW = 5V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
UVP, OVP AND UVLO
V(OVP) OVP Trip Threshold OVP detect 110% 115% 120%
t(OVPDLY) OVP Prop Delay 1.5 µs
V(UVP) UVP Trip Threshold UVP detect 65% 70% 73%
t(UVPDLY) UVP Delay 0.8 1 1.2 ms
Wake up 1.7 1.8 1.9 V
V(UVREF2) VREF2 UVLO Threshold
Hysteresis 75 100 125 mV
Wake up 3 3.1 3.2
V(UVREG3) VREG3 UVLO Threshold V
Hysteresis 0.10 0.15 0.20
Wake up 4.1 4.2 4.3 V
V(UVREG5) VREG5 UVLO Threshold
Hysteresis 0.35 0.40 0.44 V
INTERFACE AND LOGIC THRESHOLD
Wake up 0.8 1 1.2
V(EN) EN Threshold V
Hysteresis 0.1 0.2 0.3
Wake up 0.45 0.50 0.55
V(EN12) EN1/EN2 Threshold V
Hysteresis 0.1 0.2 0.3
EN1/EN2 SS Start
V(EN12SS) SS-ramp start threshold at external soft start 1 V
Threshold
EN1/EN2 SS End (3)
V(EN12SSEND) SS-End threshold at external soft start 2 V
Threshold
I(EN12) EN1/EN2 Source Current VEN1/EN2 = 0V 1.5 2 2.6 µA
Continuous 1.5
SKIPSEL1/SKIPSEL2 Auto Skip 1.9 2.1
V(SKIPSEL) V
Setting Voltage OOA Skip (min 1/8 Fsw) 3.2 3.4
OOA Skip (min 1/16 Fsw) 3.8
V(OCL-ULV), Discharge ON 1.5
V(OCL-ULV), Discharge OFF 1.9 2.1
V(TRIP) TRIP Setting Voltage V
V(OCL-LV), Discharge OFF 3.2 3.4
V(OCL-LV), Discharge ON 3.8
Current mode, OVP enable 1.5
D-CAP mode, OVP disable 1.9 2.1
V(FUNC) FUNC Setting Voltage V
D-CAP mode, OVP enable 3.2 3.4
Current mode, OVP disable 3.8
TRIP = 0 V –1 1
I(TRIP) TRIP Input Current µA
TRIP =5 V –1 1
SKIPSELx = 0 V –1 1
I(SKIPSEL) SKIPSEL Input Current µA
SKIPSELx = 5 V –1 1
BOOT STRAP SW
V(FBST) Forward Voltage VVREG5-VBST, IF = 10 mA, TA = 25°C 0.10 0.20 V
I(BSTLK) VBST Leakage Current VBST = 30 V, SW = 25 V 0.01 1.5 µA
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Shutdown temperature (3) 150
T(SDN) Thermal SDN Threshold °C
Hysteresis (3) 10

(3) Specified by design.

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SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

DEVICE INFORMATION

PINOUT
RHB PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)

VREG5
DRVL1

DRVL2
VBST1

VBST2
GND
SW1

SW2
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
DRVH1 1 24 DRVH2
V5SW 2 23 VIN
RF 3 22 VREG3
EN1 4 21 EN2
PGOOD1 5 20 PGOOD2
SKIPSEL1 6 19 SKIPSEL2
CSP1 7 18 CSP2
CSN1 8 17 CSN2
10

12
13
14
15
16
11
9
VFB1
COMP1
FUNC

VREF2

VFB2
EN

TRIP
COMP2

TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
TERMINAL
I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
DRVH1 1 High-side MOSFET gate driver outputs. Source 1.7Ω, sink 1.0Ω, SW-node referenced floating driver. Drive
O
DRVH2 24 voltage corresponds to VBST to SW voltage.
SW2 25
I/O High-side MOSFET gate driver returns.
SW1 32
Always alive 3.3V, 10mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator Output. Bypass to (signal) GND with more than 1µF
VREG3 22 O
ceramic capacitor. Runs from VIN supply or from VREG5 when it is switched over to V5SW input.
EN1 4 Channel 1 and Channel 2 SMPS Enable Pins. When turning on, apply greater than 0.55V and less than 6V.
I
EN2 21 Connect to GND to disable. Adjustable soft-start capacitance to be attached here.
PGOOD1 5 Power Good window comparator outputs for channel 1 and 2. The applied voltage should be less than 6V,
O
PGOOD2 20 and the recommended pull-up resistance value is from 100kΩ to 1MΩ.
SKIPSEL1 6 Skip Mode Selection pin.
GND: Continuous Conduction Mode
I VREF2: Auto Skip
SKIPSEL2 19
VREG3: OOA Auto Skip, max 7 skips (suitable for fsw < 400kHz)
VREG5: OOA Auto Skip, max 15 skips (suitable for equal to or greater than 400kHz)
CSP1 7 Current sense comparator inputs (+). An RC network with high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor should
I/O be used to extract voltage drop across DCR. 0.1µF is a good value to start the design. See the current
CSP2 18 sensing scheme section for more details.
CSN1 8 Current sense comparator inputs (–). See the current sensing scheme section. Used as power supply for the
I
CSN2 17 current sense circuit for 5V or higher output voltage setting. Also, used for output discharge terminal.
VFB1 9 SMPS Voltage Feedback Inputs. Connect the feedback resistors divider, and should be referred to (signal)
I
VFB2 16 GND.
COMP1 10 Loop Compensation Pin for current mode (Error Amplifier Output). Connect R (and C if required) from this
pin to VREF2 for proper loop compensation with current mode operation. Ramp compensation adjustable pin
I
COMP2 15 for D-CAP mode, connect R from this pin to VREF2. 10kΩ is a good value to start the design. 6kΩ to 20kΩ
can be chosen. See the D-CAP MODE section for more details.
Frequency Setting pin. Connect a frequency setting resistor to (signal) GND. Connect to an external clock
RF 3 I/O
for synchronization.

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TERMINAL FUNCTIONS (continued)

TERMINAL
I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
Control architecture and OVP function Selection Pin.
GND: Current mode, OVP enable
FUNC 11 I VREF2: D-CAP mode, OVP disable
VREG3: D-CAP mode, OVP enable
VREG5: Current mode, OVP disable
VREF2 13 O 2V Reference Output. Bypass to (signal) GND by 0.22µF ceramic capacitor.
Overcurrent trip level and discharge mode selection pin.
GND: V(OCL-ULV) , Discharge on
TRIP 14 I VREF2: V(OCL-ULV), Discharge off
VREG3: V(OCL-LV), Discharge off
VREG5: V(OCL-LV), Discharge on
VREF2 and VREG5 Linear Regulators Enable Pin. When turning on, apply greater than 1.2V and less than
EN 12 I
6V. Connect to GND to Disable.
VBST1 31 Supply inputs for high-side NFET driver (boot strap Terminal). Connect a capacitor (0.1µF or greater is
I recommended) from this pin to respective SW terminal. Additional SB diode from VREG5 to this pin is an
VBST2 26 optional.
DRVL1 30
O Low-side MOSFET gate driver outputs. Source 1.3Ω, sink 0.7Ω, GND referenced driver.
DRVL2 27
V5SW 2 I VREG5 switchover power supply input pin.
5V, 100mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator Output. Bypass to (power) GND using a 10µF ceramic capacitor.
VREG5 29 O Runs from VIN supply. Internally connected to VBST and DRVL. Shuts off with EN. Switches over to V5SW
when 4.8V or above is provided.
VIN 23 I Supply Input for 5V and 3.3V Linear Regulator. Typically connected to VBAT.
GND 28 – Ground

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SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VIN SHUTDOWN CURRENT VIN SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
15 15

VIN = 12V

I(VINSDN) - Shutdown Current - μA

12
I(VINSDN) - Shutdown Current - μA

12

9 9

6 6

3 3

RT

0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 -50 0 50 100 150
VI - VIN Input Voltage - V TJ - Junction Temperature - °C

Figure 1. Figure 2.

VIN STANDBY CURRENT VIN STANDBY CURRENT

vs vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE INPUT VOLTAGE
120 120

100 100
I(VINSTBY) - Standby Current - mA

I(VINSTBY) - Standby Current - mA

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0
-50 0 50 100 150 5 10 15 20 25 30
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C VI - VIN Input Voltage - V
Figure 3. Figure 4.

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SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

NO LOAD BATTERY CURRENT NO LOAD BATTERY CURRENT

vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE
1.0 1.0
EN = on, EN1 = off, EN2 = on EN = on, EN1 = on, EN2 = on
0.9 0.9

0.8 0.8
I(VBAT) - Battery Current - mA

I(VBAT) - Battery Current - mA

0.7 0.7

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0 0.0
5 10 15 20 25
5 10 15 20 25
VI - VIN Input Voltage - V VI - VIN Input Voltage - V
Figure 5. Figure 6.

BATTERY CURRENT VREF2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT
1.0 2.02
EN = on, EN1 = on, EN2 = off
VIN = 12V
0.9

0.8
2.01
I(VBAT) - Battery Current - mA

VO(VREF2) - Output Voltage - V

0.7

0.6

0.5 2.00

0.4

0.3
1.99
0.2

0.1
1.98
0.0
-100 -50 0 50 100
5 10 15 20 25
VI - VIN Input Voltage - V IO(VREF2) - Output Current - μA
Figure 7. Figure 8.

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SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VREG3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VREG5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
3.40 5.10

VIN = 12V VIN = 12V

VO(VREG5) - Output Voltage - V

VO(VREG3) - Output Voltage - V

3.35 5.05

3.30 5.00

3.25 4.95

3.20 4.90
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 20 40 60 80 100
IO(VREG3) - Output Current - mA IO(VREG5) - Output Current - mA

Figure 9. Figure 10.

SWITCHING FREQUENCY FORWARD VOLTAGE OF BOOST SW

vs vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
330 0.25
RF = 330kΩ

320
f(SW) - Switching Frequency - kHz

0.20
V(FBST) - Forward Voltage - V

310
0.15

300

0.10
290

0.05
280

270 0.00
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
Figure 11. Figure 12.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

OVP/UVP THRESHOLD VOLTAGE VBST LEAKAGE CURRENT

vs vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
150 1.5

130 1.2

Ilkg - VBST Leakage Current - μA

OVP
OVP/UVP Threshold - %

110 0.9

90 0.6

70 0.3
UVP

50 0.0
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C TJ - Junction Temperature - °C

Figure 13. Figure 14.

CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD

vs vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
37 66
V(OCL-ULV) - Current Limit Threshold - mV

V(OCL-LV) - Current Limit Threshold - mV

35 64
CSN = 1V CSN = 1V
CSN = 5V CSN = 5V
33 62

31 60

CSN = 12V CSN = 12V

29 58

27 56

25 54
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
Figure 15. Figure 16.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE
5.10 3.40
CCM CCM

VO2 - 3.3-V Output Voltage - V

5.05 3.35
VO1 - 5-V Output Voltage - V

IO = 0A
IO = 0A
IO = 3A
5.00 3.30
IO = 6A
IO = 3A

4.95 IO = 6A 3.25

4.90 3.20
5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25
VI - VIN Input Voltage - V VI - VIN Input Voltage - V
Figure 17. Figure 18.

5-V EFFICIENCY 5-V EFFICIENCY

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
100 100
Auto-skip VIN = 7 V

80 90
OOA VIN = 12 V
h - Efficiency - %
h - Efficiency - %

60 80
VIN = 21 V

40 70

20 60
CCM
Auto-skip
VIN = 12V
0 50
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
IO1 - 5-V Output Current - A IO1 - 5-V Output Current - A
Figure 19. Figure 20.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

3.3-V EFFICIENCY 3.3-V EFFICIENCY

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
100 100
Auto-skip VIN = 7 V

90
80

VIN = 12 V
OOA 80
h - Efficiency - %

h - Efficiency - %
60
VIN = 21 V
70

40 Auto-skip
60

5-V Switcher ON
20 (Auto-skip)
CCM 50
5-V Switcher ON
VIN = 12V
(Auto-skip)
0 40
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
IO2 - 3.3-V Output Current - A IO2 - 3.3-V Output Current - A
Figure 21. Figure 22.

5-V SWITCHING FREQUENCY 3.3-V SWITCHING FREQUENCY

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
400 400
VIN = 12V VIN = 12V
350 350
f(SW) - Swithching Frequency - kHz

CCM
f(SW) - Swithching Frequency - kHz

CCM
300 300

250 250

200 200
OOA OOA
150
150

100 100

50
50
Auto-skip
Auto-skip
0
0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
IO1 - 5-V Output Current - A IO2 - 3.3-V Output Current - A

Figure 23. Figure 24.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
5.10 3.40
Current Mode Current Mode
Rgv = 10k Rgv = 10k
VIN = 12V VIN = 12V

OOA 3.35 OOA

VO2 - 3.3-V Output Voltage - V

5.05
VO1 - 5-V Output Voltage - V

Auto-skip
Auto-skip
5.00 3.30
CCM

CCM
4.95 3.25

4.90 3.20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
IO1 - 5-V Output Current - A IO2 - 3.3-V Output Current - A
Figure 25. Figure 26.

5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
5.10 3.40
Current Mode Current Mode
(No Droop) (No Droop)
Rgv + C = 15K + 10nF Rgv + C = 15K + 10nF
VIN = 12V VIN = 12V
3.35
VO2 - 3.3-V Output Voltage - V

5.05
VO1 - 5-V Output Voltage - V

OOA
Auto-skip
OOA Auto-skip
5.00 3.30
CCM
CCM

4.95 3.25

4.90 3.20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
IO1 - 5-V Output Current - A IO2 - 3.3-V Output Current - A
Figure 27. Figure 28.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
5.10 3.40
D-CAP mode D-CAP mode
Rgv = 10k Rgv = 10k
Cout-ESR = 40mW Cout-ESR = 18mW
VIN = 12V VIN = 12V
OOA 3.35

VO2 - 3.3-V Output Voltage - V

5.05
VO1 - 5-V Output Voltage - V

OOA
Auto-skip

Auto-skip
5.00 3.30
CCM

CCM
4.95 3.25

4.90 3.20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
IO1 - 5-V Output Current - A IO2 - 3.3-V Output Current - A
Figure 29. Figure 30.

5.0-V START-UP WAVEFORMS 3.3-V START-UP WAVEFORMS

EN1 (5V/div) EN2 (5V/div)

VO1 (2V/div) VO2 (2V/div)

PGOOD1 (5V/div) PGOOD2 (5V/div)

VIN=12V VIN=12V
Iout=6A Iout=6A

t - Time - 1ms/div t - Time - 1ms/div

Figure 31. Figure 32.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

5.0-V SOFT-STOP WAVEFORMS 3.3-V SOFT-STOP WAVEFORMS

EN1 (5V/div) EN2 (5V/div)

VO1 (5V/div) VO2 (5V/div)

PGOOD1 (5V/div) PGOOD2 (5V/div)

DRVL1 (5V/div) DRVL2 (5V/div)

t - Time - 1ms/div t - Time - 1ms/div

Figure 33. Figure 34.

5.0-V LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE 3.3-V LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE

VO1 (100mV/div) VO2 (100mV/div)

IIND(5A/div) IIND(5A/div)

VIN=12V, Auto-skip IO1 (5A/div) VIN=12V, Auto-skip IO2 (5A/div)

t - Time - 100 ms/div t - Time - 100 ms/div

Figure 35. Figure 36.

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

5.0-V BODE-PLOT – GAIN AND PHASE 3.3-V BODE-PLOT – GAIN AND PHASE
vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
80 180 80 180

60 Phase 135 60 Phase 135

40 90 40 90

20 Gain 45 20 Gain 45
Gain - dB

Phase - °
Gain - dB

Phase - °
0 0 0 0

-20 -45 -20 -45

-40 -90 -40 -90

VIN = 12V -60 VIN = 12V -135

-60 -135
Current mode Current Mode

-80 -180 -80 -180

100 1K 10K 100K 1M 100 1K 10K 100K 1M
f - Frequency - kHz
f - Frequency - kHz
Figure 37. Figure 38.

5.0-V SWITCH-OVER WAVEFORMS

VREG5 (100mV/div)

VO1 (100mV/div)

t - Time - 2ms/div
Figure 39.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION

ENABLE AND SOFT START

When EN is Low, the TPS51220 is in the shutdown state. The 3.3V LDO only stays alive, and consumes 7µA
(typically). When EN becomes High, the TPS51220 is in the standby state. The 2V reference and the 5V LDO
become enable, and consume about 80µA with no load condition, and are ready to turn on SMPS channels.
Each SMPS channel is turned on when ENx becomes High. After ENx is set to high, the TPS51220 begins
softstart, and ramps up the output voltage from zero to the target voltage with 0.96 ms. However, if a slower
soft-start is required, an external capacitor can be tied from the ENx pin to GND. In this case, the TPS51220
charges the external capacitor with the integrated 2-µA current source. An approximate external soft-start time
would be tEX-SS = CEX / IEN12, which means the time from ENx = 1V to ENx = 2V. The recommend capacitance is
more than 2.2nF.

1) Internal
Soft-start

EN1

Vout1
200ms
960ms
EN1>1V EN1<2V
2) External
Soft-start

EN1

Vout1 External
Soft-start
time
Figure 40. Enable and Soft-start Timing

Table 1. Enable Logic States

EN EN1 EN2 VREG3 VREF2 VREG5 CH1 CH2
GND Don’t Care Don’t Care ON Off Off Off Off
Hi Lo Lo ON ON ON Off Off
Hi Hi Lo ON ON ON ON Off
Hi Lo Hi ON ON ON Off ON
Hi Hi Hi ON ON ON ON ON

3.3V, 10mA LDO (VREG3)

A 3.3-V, 10mA, linear regulator is integrated in the TPS51220. This LDO services the some of the analog supply
rail for IC and provides a handy standby supply for 3.3-V Always On voltage in the notebook system. Apply a
2.2-µF (at least 1-µF), high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor from VREG3 to (signal) GND in adjacent to the
IC.

2V, 100µA Sink/ Source Reference (VREF2)

This voltage is used for the reference of the loop compensation network. Apply a 0.22-µF (at least 0.1-µF), high
quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor from VREF2 to (signal) GND in adjacent to the IC.

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5.0V, 100mA LDO (VREG5)

A 5.0-V, 100mA, linear regulator is integrated in the TPS51220. This LDO services the main analog supply rail
for IC and provides the current for gate drivers until switch-over function becomes enable. Apply a 10-µF (at least
4.7-µF), high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor from VREG5 to (power) GND in adjacent to the IC.

VREG5 SWITCHOVER
If the V5SW voltage becomes higher than 4.7V, the internal 5V-LDO is shut off and the VREG5 is shorted to
V5SW by an internal MOSFET after an 7.7ms delay. When the V5SW voltage becomes lower than 4.5V, the
internal switch is turned off and the internal 5V-LDO resumes immediately.

BASIC PWM OPERATIONS

The main control loop of the SMPS is designed as a fixed frequency, pulse width modulation (PWM) controller. It
supports two control schemes; a peak current mode and a proprietary D-CAP mode. Current mode achieves
stable operation in any type of capacitors including low ESR capacitor(s) such as ceramic or specialty polymer
capacitors. D-CAP mode does not require an external compensation circuit, and is suitable for relatively larger
ESR capacitor(s) configuration. These control schemes are selected with FUNC-pin; see Table 4.

CURRENT MODE
The current mode scheme uses the output voltage information and the inductor current information to regulate
the output voltage. The output voltage information is sensed by VFBx pin. The signal is compared with the
internal 1V reference and the voltage difference is amplified by a transconductance amplifier (VFB-AMP). The
inductor current information is sensed by CSPx and CSNx pins. The voltage difference is amplified by another
transconductance amplifier (CS-AMP). The output of the VFB-AMP indicates the target peak inductor current. If
the output voltage goes down, the TPS51220 increases the target inductor current to raise the output voltage, on
the other hand, if the output voltage goes up the TPS51220 decreases the target inductor current to reduce the
output voltage.
At the beginning of each clock cycle, the high-side MOSFET is turned on, or becomes ‘ON’ state. The high-side
MOSFET is turned off, or becomes OFF state, after the inductor current becomes the target value which is
determined by the combination value of the output of the VFB-AMP and a ramp compensation signal. The ramp
compensation signal is used to prevent sub-harmonic oscillation of the inductor current control loop. The
high-side MOSFET is turned on again at the next clock cycle. By repeating the operation in this manner, the
controller regulates the output voltage. The synchronous low-side or the rectifying MOSFET is turned on each
OFF state to keep the conduction loss minimum.

D-CAP™ MODE
With the D-CAP mode operation, the PWM comparator compares VREF2 with the combination value of the
COMP voltage, VFB-AMP output, and the ramp compensation signal. When the both signals are equal at the
peak of the voltage sense signal, the comparator provides the OFF signal to the high-side MOSFET driver.
Because the compensation network is implemented on the part and the output waveform itself is used as the
error signal, external circuit is simplified. Another advantage is its inherent fast transient response. A trade-off is
a sufficient amount of ESR required in the output capacitor. The D-CAP™ mode is suitable for relatively larger
output ripple voltage application. The inductor current information is used for the overcurrent protection and light
load operation.

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PWM FREQUENCY CONTROL

The TPS51220 has a fixed frequency control scheme with 180° phase shift. The switching frequency can be
determined by an external resistor which is connected between RF pin and GND, and can be calculated using
Equation 1.
1 × 105
fsw éëkHz ùû =
RF éëkΩ ùû (1)
TPS51220 can also synchronize to more than 2.5V amplitude external clock by applying the signal to the RF pin.
The set timing of channel-1 initiates at the raising edge (1.3V typ) of the clock and channel-2 initiates at the
falling edge (1.1V typ). Therefore, the 50% duty signal makes both channels 180° phase shift.
1000

900

800

700
fSW - Frequency - kHz

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
100 200 300 400 500
RF - Resistance - kW

Figure 41. Switching Frequency vs RF

LIGHT LOAD OPERATION

The TPS51220 automatically reduces switching frequency at light load condition to maintain high efficiency if
Auto Skip or OOA™ mode is selected by SKIPSELx. This reduction of frequency is achieved by skipping pulses.
As the output current decreases from heavy load condition, the inductor current is also reduced and eventually
comes to the point that its peak touches a predetermined current, ILL(PEAK), which indicates the boundary between
heavy load conduction and light load condition. Once the top MOSFET is turned on, the TPS51220 does not
allow it to be turned off until it touches ILL(PEAK). This eventually causes an overvoltage condition to the output and
pulse skipping. From the next pulse after zero-crossing is detected, ILL(PEAK) is limited by the ramp down signal
which starts from 25% of the overcurrent limit setting (IOCL(PEAK): see the current protection session) toward 5% of
IOCL(PEAK) over one switching cycle to prevent causing large ripple. The transition load point to the light load
operation ILL(DC) can be calculated as follows;
I LL(DC) + I LL(PEAK) * 0.5 I IND(RIPPLE)
(2)
1 (V - VOUT ) × VOUT
IIND(RIPPLE) = × IN
L × fSW VIN (3)
where fSW is the PWM switching frequency which is determined by RF resistor setting or external clock.
Switching frequency versus output current in the light load condition is a function of L, f, VIN and VOUT, but it
decreases almost proportional to the output current from the ILL(DC) given above; however, as the switching is
synchronized with clock. Due to the synchronization, the switching waveform in boundary load condition (close to
ILL(DC)) appears as a sub-harmonic oscillation; however, it is the intended operation.

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If SKIPSELx is tied to GND, the TPS51220 works on a constant frequency of fSW regardless its load current.

Inductor
Current

ILL(PEAK)

ILL(DC) IIND(RIPPLE)

0 Time
Figure 42. Boundary Between Pulse Skipping and CCM
VOUT
ILL(PEAK)Ramp = (0.25-0.2 × ) × IOCL(PEAK)
VIN (4)

Inductor
Current

25% of IOCL(PEAK)
ILL(PEAK) Ramp signal
ILL(PEAK)

5% of IOCL(PEAK)

0 Time
ton
1/fSW
Figure 43. Inductor Current Limit at Pulse Skipping

Table 2. Skip Mode Selection

SKIPSELx GND VREF2 VREG3 VREG5
OOA Skip (max 7 skips, OOA Skip (max 15 skips, for equal
OPERATING MODE Continuous Conduction Auto Skip
for <400 kHz) to or greater than 400kHz)

OUT OF AUDIO SKIP OPERATION

Out-Of-Audio™ (OOA) light load mode is a unique control feature that keeps the switching frequency above
acoustic audible frequencies toward virtually no load condition while maintaining best of the art high conversion
efficiency. When OOA is selected, the switching frequency is kept higher than audible frequency range in any
load condition. The TPS51220 automatically reduce switching frequency at a light load condition. OOA control
circuit monitors the states of both MOSFETs and forces ON state if predetermined number of pulses are skipped.
This means that the high-side MOSFET is turned on before the output voltage declines down to the target value,
so that eventually an overvoltage condition is caused. The OOA control circuit detects this overvoltage condition
and begins modulating the skip-mode on time to keep the output voltage.
TPS51220 supports wide switching frequency range; therefore, the OOA skip mode has two selections, see
Table 2. When 300kHz switching frequency is selected, max 7 skip (SKIPSEL=3.3V) makes the lowest frequency
at 37.5kHz. If max 15 skip is chosen, it becomes 18.8kHz, hence max 7 skip is suitable for less than 400kHz,
and max 15 skip is for equal to or greater than 400kHz.

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99% DUTY CYCLE OPERATION

In a low dropout condition such as 5V input to 5V output, the basic control loop tries to keep the high-side
MOSFET 100% ON as a nature. However, with N-MOSFET used for the top switch, it is not possible to use the
100% on cycle to charge the boot strap capacitor. TPS51220 detects the 100% ON condition and inserts the
OFF state at the appropriate time.

HIGH-SIDE DRIVER
The high-side driver is designed to drive high current, low rDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is
represented by its internal resistance, which is 1.7Ω for VBSTx to DRVHx, and 1Ω for DRVHx to SWx. When
configured as a floating driver, 5V bias voltage is delivered from VREG5 supply. The instantaneous drive current
is supplied by the flying capacitor between VBSTx and SWx pins. The average drive current is equal to the gate
charge at Vgs = 5V times switching frequency. This gate drive current as well as the low-side gate drive current
times 5V makes the driving power which needs to be dissipated from TPS51220 package. A dead time to
prevent shoot through is internally generated between high-side MOSFET off to low-side MOSFET on, and
low-side MOSFET off to high-side MOSFET on.

LOW-SIDE DRIVER
The low-side driver is designed to drive high current low rDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is
represented by its internal resistance, which are 1.3Ω for VREG5 to DRVLx and 0.7Ω for DRVLx to GND. The 5V
bias voltage is delivered from VREG5 supply. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by an input capacitor
connected between VREG5 and GND. The average drive current is also calculated by the gate charge at
Vgs = 5V times switching frequency.

CURRENT SENSING SCHEME

In order to provide both good accuracy and cost effective solution, the TPS51220 supports external resistor
sensing and inductor DCR sensing. An RC network with high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor should be
used to extract voltage drop across DCR. 0.1µF is a good value to start the design. CSPx and CSNx should be
connected to positive and negative terminal of the sensing device respectively. TPS51220 has an internal current
amplifier. The gain of the current amplifier, Gc, is selected by TRIP terminal. In any setting, the output signal of
the current amplifier becomes 100mV at the OCL setting point. This means that the current sensing amplifier
normalize the current information signal based on the OCL setting. Attaching a RC network recommended even
with a resistor sensing scheme to get an accurate current sensing; see the external parts selection session for
detailed configurations.

CURRENT PROTECTION
TPS51220 has cycle-by-cycle overcurrent limiting control. If the inductor current becomes larger than the
overcurrent trip level, TPS51220 turns off high-side MOSFET, turns on low-side MOSFET and waits for the next
clock cycle.
IOCL(PEAK) sets peak level of the inductor current. Thus, the dc load current at overcurrent threshold, IOCL(DC), can
be calculated as follows;
I OCL(DC) + I OCL(PEAK) * 0.5 I IND(RIPPLE)
(5)
VOCL
I OCL(PEAK) +
RSENSE (6)
where RSENSE is resistance of current sensing device and V(OCL) is overcurrent trip threshold voltage which is
determined by TRIP pin voltages as shown in Table 3.
In an overcurrent condition, the current to the load exceeds the current to the output capacitor thus the output
voltage tends to fall down, and it will end up with crossing the undervoltage protection threshold and shutdown.

Table 3. OCL Trip and Discharge Selection

TRIP GND VREF2 VREG3 VREG5
V(OCL) (OCL Trip voltage) V(OCL-ULV) (Ultra Low Voltage) V(OCL-LV) (Low Voltage)
Discharge Enable Disable Disable Enable

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POWERGOOD
The TPS51220 has powergood output for both switcher channels. The powergood function is activated after
softstart has finished. If the output voltage becomes within ±5% of the target value, internal comparators detect
power good state and the powergood signal becomes high after 1ms internal delay. If the output voltage goes
outside of ±10% of the target value, the powergood signal becomes low after 1.5µs internal delay. Apply voltage
should be less than 6V and the recommended pull-up resistance value is from 100kΩ to 1MΩ.

OUTPUT DISCHARGE CONTROL

The TPS51220 discharges output when ENx is low. The TPS51220 discharges outputs using an internal
MOSFET which is connected to CSNx and GND. The current capability of these MOSFETs is limited to
discharge the output capacitor slowly. If ENx becomes high during discharge, MOSFETs are turning on, and
some output voltage remains. SMPS changes over to soft-start. PWM will begin after the target voltage
overtakes the remaining output voltage. This function can be disabled as shown in Table 3.

OVER/UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
TPS51220 monitors the output voltage to detect over and undervoltage. When the output voltage becomes 15%
higher than the target value, the OVP comparator output goes high and the circuit latches as the high-side
MOSFET driver OFF and the low-side MOSFET driver ON, and shuts off another channel.
When the feedback voltage becomes lower than 70% of the target voltage, the UVP comparator output goes
high and an internal UVP delay counter begins counting. After 1ms, TPS51220 latches OFF both high-side and
low-side MOSFETs, and shuts off another channel. This UVP function is enabled after soft start has completed.
OVP function can be disabled as Table 4. The procedures for restarting from these protection states are:
1. toggle EN
2. toggle EN1 and EN2 or
3. once hit UVLO

Table 4. FUNC Logic States

FUNC GND VREF2 VREG3 VREG5
OVP Enable Disable Enable Disable
Control Scheme Current mode D-CAP mode D-CAP mode Current mode

UVLO PROTECTION
TPS51220 has undervoltage lock out protections (UVLO) for VREG5, VREG3 and VREF2. When the voltage is
lower than UVLO threshold voltage, TPS51220 shuts off each output as Table 5. This is non-latch protection.

Table 5. UVLO Protection

CH1/ CH2 VREG5 VREG3 VREF2
VREG5 UVLO Off — On On
VREG3 UVLO Off Off — Off
VREF2 UVLO Off Off On —

THERMAL SHUTDOWN
TPS51220 monitors the temperature of itself. If the temperature exceeds the threshold value, TPS51220 shuts
off both SMPS and 5V-LDO, and deceases the VREG3 current limitation to 5mA (typically). This is non-latch
protection.

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

EXTERNAL PARTS SELECTION

A buck converter using TPS51220 consists of linear circuits and a switching modulator. Figure 44 and Figure 45
show basic scheme.
Voltage divider

VIN
Ramp Switching Modulator
R1
comp.
DRVH
VFB Gmv Lx
PWM Rs
Control
+ logic
R2 +
&
+ + Driver DRVL
1.0V ESR

RL

COMP Co

Cc Rgv Gmc CSP

Rgc
+

VREF +
2.0V CSN

Error Amplifier

Figure 44. Simplified Current Mode Functional Blocks

Voltage divider

VIN
Switching Modulator
Ramp
R1
comp.
DRVH
VFB Gmv Lx
PWM Rs
Control
+ logic
R2 +
+ &
+ Driver DRVL
1.0V ESR

RL

COMP Co
Rgv

VREF +
2.0V

Figure 45. Simplified D-CAP Mode Functional Blocks

The external components can be selected by following manner.

1. Determine output voltage dividing resistors (R1 and R2: shown in Figure 44) using the next equation
R1 + ǒV OUT * 1.0Ǔ R2
(7)
For D-CAP mode, recommended R2 value is from 10kΩ to 20kΩ.
2. Determine switching frequency. Higher frequency allows smaller output capacitances, however, degrade
efficiency due to increase of switching loss. Frequency setting resistor for RF-pin can be calculated by;

Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 25

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220
TPS51220 [Link]
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

RF[kW] + 1 10
5

ƒ sw [kHz] (8)
3. Choose the inductor. The inductance value should be determined to give the ripple current of
approximately 25% to 50% of maximum output current. Recommended ripple current rate is about 30% to
40% at the typical input voltage condition, next equation uses 33%.
1 (VIN(TYP) - VOUT ) × VOUT
L= ×
0.33 x IOUT(MAX) x fSW VIN(TYP)
(9)
The inductor also needs to have low DCR to achieve good efficiency, as well as enough room above peak
inductor current before saturation.
4. Determine the OCL trip voltage threshold, V(OCL), and select the sensing resistor.
The OCL trip voltage threshold is determined by TRIP pin setting. To use smaller value improves S/N ratio.
Determine the sensing resistor using next equation. IOCL(PEAK) should be approximately 1.5 × IOUT(MAX) to
1.7 × IOUT(MAX).
VOCL
R SENSE +
I OCL(PEAK)
(10)
5. Determine Rgv. Rgv should be determined from preferable droop compensation value and is given by next
equation based on the typical number of Gmv = 500µS.
I OUT(MAX)
Rgv + 0.1 VOUT 1
I OCL(PEAK) Gmv Vdroop
(11)
I OUT(MAX) V OUT[V]
Rgv[kW] + 200
I OCL(PEAK) Vdroop[mV]
(12)
If no-droop is preferred, attach a series RC network circuit instead of single resistor. Series resistance is
determined using Equation 13. Series capacitance can be arbitrarily chosen to meet the RC time constant,
but should be kept under 1/10 of fo. For D-CAP mode, Rgv is used for adjusting ramp compensation. 10kΩ is
a good value to start design with. 6kΩ to 20kΩ can be chosen.
6. Determine output capacitance Co to achieve a stable operation using the next equation. The 0 dB frequency,
fo, should be kept under 1/3 of the switching frequency.
Gmv Rgv ƒsw
ƒ0 + 5p I OCL(PEAK) V
1 t
OUT Co 3 (13)
Gmv Rgv
Co u 15 I OCL(PEAK) 1
p VOUT ƒsw (14)
For D-CAP mode, fo is determined by the output capacitor’s characteristics as below.
1 ƒsw
ƒ0 + t
2p ESR Co 3 (15)
Co u 3
2p ESR ƒsw (16)
For better jitter performance, a sufficient amount of feedback signal is required at VFBx pin. The
recommended signal level is approximately 30mV per tsw (switching period) of the ramping up rate, and more
than 4mV of peak-to-peak voltage.

26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220

 [Link]
TPS51220
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

VFB
signal

30mV

VFBRIPPLE =VoRIPPLE x 1/Vout

tSW = 1/fSW Time

Figure 46. Required voltage feedback ramp signal

7. Calculate Cc. The purpose of this capacitance is to cancel zero caused by ESR of the output capacitor. If
ceramic capacitor(s) is used, there is no need for Cc. If a combination of different capacitors is used, attach a
RC network circuit instead of single capacitance to cancel zeros and poles caused by the output capacitors.
With single capacitance, Cc is given in Equation 17.
Cc + Co ESR
Rgv (17)
For D-CAP mode, basically Cc is not needed.
8. Choose MOSFETs Generally, the on resistance affects efficiency at high load conditions as conduction loss.
For a low output voltage application, the duty ratio is not high enough so that the on resistance of high-side
MOSFET does not affect efficiency; however, switching speed (tr and tf) affects efficiency as switching loss.
As for low-side MOSFET, the switching loss is usually not a main portion of the total loss.

RESISTOR CURRENT SENSING

For more accurate current sensing with an external resistor, the following technique is recommended. Adding an
RC filter to cancel the parasitic inductance of resistor, this filter value is calculated using Equation 18.
Cx Rx + Lx
Rs (18)
This equation means time-constant of Cx and Rx should match the one of Lx (ESL) and Rs.
VIN

Ex-resistor
DRVH
L Lx(ESL)
Rs
Control
logic
&
Driver DRVL

Co

CSP
+
Cx Rx

CSN

Figure 47. External Resistor Current Sensing

Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 27

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220
TPS51220 [Link]
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

INDUCTOR DCR CURRENT SENSING

To use inductor DCR as current sensing resistor (Rs), the configuration needs to change as below. However, the
equation must be satisfied is the same as the one of resistor sensing.
VIN

Inductor
DRVH
Lx
Rs(DCR)
Control
logic
&
Driver DRVL

Co
Rx
CSP
+
Cx

CSN

Figure 48. Inductor DCR Current Sensing

VIN

Inductor
DRVH
Lx
Rs(DCR)
Control
logic
&
Driver DRVL

Co
Rx
CSP
+
Cx Rc

CSN

Figure 49. Inductor DCR Current Sensing With Voltage Divider

TPS51220 has fixed V(OCL) point (60 mV or 30 mV). In order to adjust for DCR, a voltage divider can be
configured as Figure 49.
For Rx, Rc and Cx can be calculated as shown below, and overcurrent limitation value can be calculated as
follows:
Lx
Cx × (Rx//Rc ) =
Rs (19)
I OCL(PEAK) + VOCL 1 Rx ) Rc
Rs Rc (20)
Figure 50 shows the compensation technique for the temperature drifts of the inductor DCR value. This scheme
assumes the temperature rise at the thermistor (RNTC) is directly proportional to the temperature rise at the
inductor.

28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220

 [Link]
TPS51220
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

Inductor

Lx
Rs(DCR)

RNTC
Rx
Rc1
Rc2
CO

CSP
+
Cx
CSN

Figure 50. Inductor DCR Current Sensing With Temperature Compensate

LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
Certain points must be considered before starting a PCB layout work using the TPS51220.
Placement
• Place RC network for CSP1 and CSP2 close to the IC pins.
• Place bypass capacitors for VREG5, VREG3 and VREF2 close to the IC pins.
• Place frequency-setting resistor close to the IC pin.
• Place the compensation circuits for COMP1 and COMP2 close to the IC pins.
• Place the voltage setting resistors close to the IC pins, especially when D-CAP mode is chosen.
Routing (sensitive analog portion)
• Use separate traces for; see Figure 51
– Output voltage sensing from current sensing (negative-side)
– Output voltage sensing from V5SW input (when VOUT = 5V)
– Current sensing (positive-side) from switch-node

V5SW
R1
VFB
R2

H-FET Inductor
Vout
SW

L-FET
Cout

R
CSP
C

CSN

Figure 51. Sensing Trace Routings

• Use Kelvin sensing traces from the solder pads of the current sensing device (inductor or resistor) to current

Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 29

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220
TPS51220 [Link]
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

sensing comparator inputs (CSPx and CSNx). (See Figure 52)

Current sensing
Device

RC network
next to IC

Figure 52. Current Sensing Traces

• Use small copper space for VFBx. These are short and narrow traces to avoid noise coupling
• Connect VFB resistor trace to the positive node of the output capacitor.
• Use signal GND for VREF2 and VREG3 capacitors, RF and VFB resistors, and the other sensitive analog
components. Placing a signal GND plane (underneath the IC, and fully covered peripheral components) on
the internal layer for shielding purpose is recommended. (See Figure 53)
• Use a thermal land for PowerPAD™. Five or more vias, with 0.33-mm (13-mils) diameter connected from the
thermal land to the internal GND plane, should be used to help dissipation. Do NOT connect the GND-pin to
this thermal land on the surface layer, underneath the package.
Routing (power portion)
• Use wider/ shorter traces of DRVL for low-side gate drivers to reduce stray inductance.
• Use the parallel traces of SW and DRVH for high-side MOSFET gate drive, and keep them away from DRVL.
• Connect SW trace to source terminal of the high-side MOSFET.
• Use power GND for VREG5, VIN and Vout capacitors and low-side MOSFETs. Power GND and signal GND
should be connected near the IC GND terminal. (See Figure 53)

TPS51220

0W resistor
GND
#28
GND-pin
To inner To inner
Power-GND Signal-GND
layer plane
Inner Signal-GND plane

Figure 53. GND Layout Example

30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220

 [Link]
TPS51220
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

APPLICATION CIRCUITS
VREG5
VBAT VBAT
5V/100mA
Q11 C22
C12
Q21 2x10mF
2x10mF C01
L1 C14 10mF C24 L2
4mH 0.1mF 0.1mF 4mH
PGND PGND
VO1 VO2
Q12
5V/6A GND PGND 3.3V/6A
PGND
C11 Q22 C21
2x120mF 2x220mF
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25

SW1

VBST2
VBST1

GND
VREG5

SW2
DRVL1

DRVL2
PGND PGND PGND PGND

1 24
DRVH1 DRVH2
VO1 2 V5SW VIN 23 VBAT
R01
330kW
VREG3
3 RF VREG3 22
3.3V/10mA
C03
1mF
GND EN1 4 EN1 EN2 21 EN2
TPS51220RHB
(QFN32)
PGOOD1 5 PGOOD1 PGOOD2 20 PGOOD2
GND

SKIPSEL1 6 SKIPSEL1 SKIPSEL2 19 SKIPSEL2

R14 R24
6.8kW PowerPAD 6.8kW
7 CSP1 CSP2 18
R15 C13 C23 R25
56kW 0.1mF CSN1 0.1mF 56kW
COMP1

COMP2
CSN2

VREF2
8 17
FUNC
VFB1

VFB2
TRIP
EN
EN
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
GND
VREG5
VREF2 R21
GND 62kW
C02
VO1 VO2
R13 0.22mF
R11 R23 C25 R22
R12 10kW
120kW C15 220pF
30kW 10kW 27kW
100pF
VREF2 VREF2
GND

GND GND

Figure 54. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0V/5A, 3.3V/5A, 300-kHz

Table 6. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0V/5A, 3.3V/5A, 300-kHz

SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER
C11 2 × 120 µF/ 6.3 V/15-mΩ Panasonic EEFCX0J121R
C12 2 × 10 µF/ 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K
C21 2 × 220 µF/ 4.0 V/15-mΩ Panasonic EEFCX0G221R
C22 2 × 10 µF/ 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K
L1 4.0 µH, 10.3 A, 6.6-mΩ Sumida CEP125-4R0MC-H
L2 4.0 µH, 10.3A, 6.6-mΩ Sumida CEP125-4R0MC-H
Q11, Q21 30-V, 13.6-A, 9.5-mΩ IR IRF7821
Q12, Q22 30-V, 13.8-A, 5.8-mΩ IR IRF8113

Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 31

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220
TPS51220 [Link]
SLVS785A – OCTOBER 2007 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

VREG5
VBAT VBAT
5V/100mA
Q11 C22
C12
Q21 2x10mF
2x10mF C01
L1 C14 10mF C24 L2
R15 3.3mH 0.1mF 0.1mF 3.3mH R25
PGND PGND
6mW 6mW
VO1 VO2
Q12
5V/6A GND PGND 3.3V/6A
PGND
C11 Q22 C21
2x220mF 2x220mF
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25

SW1

VBST2
VBST1

GND
VREG5

SW2
DRVL1

DRVL2
PGND PGND PGND PGND

1 24
DRVH1 DRVH2
VO1 2 V5SW VIN 23 VBAT
R01
270kW
VREG3
3 RF VREG3 22
3.3V/10mA
C03
1mF
GND EN1 4 EN1 EN2 21 EN2
TPS51220RHB
(QFN32)
PGOOD1 5 PGOOD1 PGOOD2 20 PGOOD2
GND

SKIPSEL1 6 SKIPSEL1 SKIPSEL2 19 SKIPSEL2

PowerPAD
7 CSP1 CSP2 18
R14 C13 C23 R24
1.2W 0.1mF CSN1 0.1mF 1.2W
COMP1

COMP2
CSN2

VREF2
8 FUNC 17
VFB1

VFB2
TRIP
EN EN
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
GND

VREF2 R21
GND 62kW
C02
VO1 VO2 GND
0.22mF
R13
R11 R23 C25 R22
R12 10kW
120kW C15 220pF
30kW 10kW 27kW
220pF
VREF2 VREF2
GND

GND GND

Figure 55. Current Mode, Ex-Resistor Sensing, 5.0V/5A, 3.3V/5A, 370-kHz

Table 7. Current Mode, Ex-Resistor Sensing, 5.0V/5A, 3.3V/5A, 370-kHz

SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER
C11 2 x 220 µF/ 6.3 V/12-mΩ Panasonic EEFUE0J221R
C12 2 x 10 µF/ 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K
C21 2 x 220 µF/ 4.0 V/12-mΩ Panasonic EEFUE0G221R
C22 2 x 10 µF/ 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K
L1 3.3 µH, 10.3 A, 5.9-mΩ TOKO FDA1055-3R3M
L2 3.3 µH, 10.3 A, 5.9-mΩ TOKO FDA1055-3R3M
Q11, Q21 30-V, 13.6-A, 9.5-mΩ IR IRF7821
Q12, Q22 30-V, 13.8-A, 5.8-mΩ IR IRF8113

32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51220

 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
[Link] 26-Nov-2007

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status (1) Package Package Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3)
Type Drawing Qty
TPS51220RHBR ACTIVE QFN RHB 32 3000 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
no Sb/Br)
TPS51220RHBT ACTIVE QFN RHB 32 250 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
no Sb/Br)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
[Link] for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)

(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take
reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on
incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI
to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 1
 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
[Link] 22-Nov-2007

TAPE AND REEL BOX INFORMATION

Device Package Pins Site Reel Reel A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 W Pin1
Diameter Width (mm) (mm) Quadrant
(mm) (mm)
TPS51220RHBR RHB 32 SITE 41 330 12 5.3 5.3 1.5 8 12 Q2
TPS51220RHBT RHB 32 SITE 41 180 12 5.3 5.3 1.5 8 12 Q2

Pack Materials-Page 1
 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
[Link] 22-Nov-2007

Device Package Pins Site Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
TPS51220RHBR RHB 32 SITE 41 346.0 346.0 29.0
TPS51220RHBT RHB 32 SITE 41 190.0 212.7 31.75

Pack Materials-Page 2
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