evsjv‡`k welqvewj

welq †KvW : 005, Uv½b

wba©vwiZ mgq : 2 NÈv, c~Y©gvb : 100 46Zg wewmGm wjwLZ welqwfwËK cixÿv-6
[`ªóe¨: 1. cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb cÖ‡kœi †kl cÖv‡šÍ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
2. LvZvq DËi †jLvi mgq cÖv_©x‡`i Aek¨B cÖ‡kœi µgvbymv‡i DËi wjL‡Z n‡e; Ab¨_vq DËi g~j¨vqY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|]
K. wefvM
b¤^i
1| K. †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡ci f‚-ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ wjLyb| ØxcwUi GB f‚-ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ evsjv‡`‡ki wbivcËvi Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iæc
wK-bv! Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 10
†m›UgvwU©b Øx‡ci f‚-ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ :
Ae¯’vbMZ ¸iæZ¡, gvbwPÎ, mybxj A_©bxwZ, Rjmxgv I mgy`ªmxgvi AwaKvi, evwYwR¨K ¸iæZ¡, A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`
(†Zj-M¨vm, grm, cÖevj, ˆkevj), cwi‡ek, ch©Ub BZ¨vw`|
wbivcËvi Rb¨ ûgwK :
mxgvšÍ we‡iva, AvšÍR©vwZK †bŠc_, f‚L‡Ði Db¥y³Zv, B‡›`v c¨vwmwdK AvDUjyK, wgqvbgvi, fviZ, hy³ivóª I Px‡bi AvMÖn-
- wgqvbgv‡ii Kv‡Q AvivKvb Avwg© msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡
- fvi‡Zi Kv‡Q mve©‡fŠgZ¡, wgqvbgv‡i Zv‡`i cÖKí, fviZ gnvmvMi‡K myiw¶Z ivLvi ¸iæZ¡
- hy³iv‡ó«i Rb¨ mvgwiK NvuwU I †Zj-M¨vm D‡Ëvjb welqK, Pxb‡K †gvKvwejv msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡
- Px‡bi Kv‡Q e‡½vcmvM‡i gvwK©b cÖfve †gvKvwejv, wgqvbgv‡i Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK cÖKíMZ ¸iæZ¡
L. evsjv‡`‡ki AvšÍt mxgvšÍ b`-b`x wb‡q wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³i ¸iæZ¡ Kx Ges Gme Pzw³ †`‡ki b`x e¨e¯’vcbv‡K Kxfv‡e
mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i? 10
AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³i ¸iæZ¡:
AvšÍtmxgvšÍ b`xi msL¨v I b`x‡Z euva, †njwmswK mb` 1966, RvwZmsN cvwb cÖevn mb` 1997, †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb, M½v cvwb
eÈb Pzw³ 1996, †Wëv cø¨vb 2100, cvwb eÈb I mylg e¨envi, wec` e¨e¯’vcbv I `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iva, cwi‡ekMZ myi¶v,
A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv I evwYR¨, wØcvw¶K I wÎcvw¶K m¤ú‡K©i Dbœqb, wZ¯Ív Pzw³ ev¯Íevq‡b fviZ I Pxb Dfq †`‡ki mv‡_
`i-KlvKwli gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v_© i¶v BZ¨vw`|
b`x e¨e¯’vcbv‡K mnvqZv: cvwb cÖev‡ni wbqš¿Y, cÖwZi¶v I AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb, b`x `~lY †iva, A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv e„w×
BZ¨vw`|
2| K. RbwgwZ‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z Kg©ms¯’vbgyLx wkÿve¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Riæix- e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 10
RbwgwZ ev †W‡gvMÖvwd n‡jv GKwU †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi MVb, eqm, wj½, wk¶v, Avq, kÖgkw³ Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
ˆewkó¨ wb‡q we‡kølY| Kg©ms¯’vbgyLx wk¶ve¨e¯’v n‡jv Ggb GKwU wk¶v e¨e¯’v, hv wk¶v_©x‡`i Ggb `¶Zv, Ávb I m¶gZv
cÖ`vb K‡i, hv Zv‡`i PvKwi ev Kg©ms¯’v‡b hy³ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
RbwgwZ‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z Kg©ms¯’vbgyLx wk¶ve¨e¯’v †Kb Riæwi?
hye RbmsL¨vi eo Ask, evRv‡ii Pvwn`vi mv‡_ mvgÃm¨, †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi Kgv‡bv, ¯^wbf©iZv I D‡`¨v³v ˆZwi, AvšÍR©vwZK
kÖgevRv‡i cÖ‡ek, cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv, MÖvgxY I myweavewÂZ RbM‡Yi Dbœqb BZ¨vw`|
Kg©ms¯’vbgyLx wk¶ve¨e¯’v Kxfv‡e cÖeZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
†KŠkjMZ `¶Zv cÖwk¶Y, D‡`¨v³v wk¶v, BÛvw÷«-GKv‡Wwgqv Askx`vwiZ¡, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mv‡_ M‡elYv ms‡hvM, wWwRUvj ev
cÖhyw³MZ wk¶v BZ¨vw`|
L. evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK cwieZ©‡b cÖhyw³i cÖfve we‡kølY Kiæb| 10
†hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨ cÖevn : eZ©gv‡b B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g (†hgb †dmeyK, UzBUvi, Bb÷vMÖvg) Ges
†g‡mwRs A¨vcm (†hgb †nvqvUmA¨vc, g¨v‡mÃvi, B‡gv) e¨envi K‡i gvbyl `ªæZ Ges mivmwi G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wk¶v Ges wk¶v e¨e¯’v : wWwRUvj wk¶v cø¨vUdg©, AbjvBb †Kvm©, wfwWI †jKPvi, B-eyK Ges Ab¨vb¨ wWwRUvj DcKiY
wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ bZzb my‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Q|
mvgvwRK cwieZ©b I m¤ú‡K©i bZzb MVb : mvgvwRK gva¨‡gi cÖfv‡e A‡bK bZzb mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva Ges `„wófw½ M‡o
D‡V‡Q| hw`I Gi wKQyUv BwZevPK cÖfve †hgb bvix AwaKvi, mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv Ges wk¶v e„w× †`Lv hv‡”Q, Z‡e GKB mv‡_
†bwZevPK cÖfveI i‡q‡Q, †hgb AwZwi³ mvgvwRK wgwWqv e¨envi, cyuw_MZ ev wg_¨v Z‡_¨i we¯Ívi, Ges eywjs ev †nb¯Ív e„w×|
ms¯‹…wZi cwieZ©b : wek¦ms¯‹…wZi cÖfve, evsjv ms¯‹…wZi AvaywbKvqb
A_©bxwZ I Kg©ms¯’vb : B-Kgvm© I wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs, wd«j¨vwÝs
wbivcËv I e¨w³MZ Rxeb : wWwRUvj Aciva, mvBevi eywjs, n¨vwKs Ges wg_¨v Z_¨ Qov‡bvi g‡Zv bZyb mgm¨v D™¢~Z
n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K, cÖhyw³ e¨w³MZ wbivcËv Ges Rxebaviv AviI mnR K‡i‡Q|
3| K. evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi Ae`vb Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 10
†mvnivIqv`©xi Rxeb I ivRbxwZ :
†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x Awef³ evsjvi †kl gyL¨gš¿x| wZwb 1892 mv‡j gv¸iv †Rjvi GKwU AwfÁvbx cwiev‡i Rb¥M«nY
K‡ib| wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K AvBb Ges ivRbxwZ welqK wk¶v jvf K‡ib| c‡i wZwb cvwK¯Ívv‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b
cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jx‡Mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †bZv wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡ib| MYZvwš¿K ixwZ I Rbg‡Zi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj
wQ‡jb e‡j ÔMYZ‡š¿i gvbmcyÎÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ nb|
evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b †mvnivIqv`©xi Ae`vb :
1. 1947 mv‡ji cvwK¯Ívb m„wó Ges evOvwji AwaKvi:
2. evOvwji ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi I evsjv fvlv Av‡›`vjb:
4. ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ív‡bi msweavb cÖYq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡Lb|
3. evOvwj gymjgvb‡`i ivR‰bwZK msMVb:
4. 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U wbe©vPb:
5. †mvnivIqv`©xi `„wófw½ I †bZ…Z¡:
6. cvwK¯Ívb Z¨vM Ges evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯w` Z:
L. c~e©evsjvi ¯^vqË¡kvmb Ges evsjv‡`‡ki evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ gIjvbv fvmvbxi ivR‰bwZK `k©b we‡kølY
Kiæb| 10
gIjvbv fvmvbxi ivR‰bwZK `k©b GKw`‡K †hgb MYZvwš¿K Ges Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai mswgkÖY, †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K wZwb evOvwj
RvwZi ¯^vwaKvi Ges ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ wbijm msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| Zvi ivR‰bwZK `k©b wQj g~jZ evOvwj gymjgvb‡`i
AwaKvi i¶v, c~e©evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb, Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖwZ cÖwZev`|
¯^vqËkvm‡bi cª‡kœ gIjvbv fvmvbxi ivR‰bwZK `k©b:
1. c~e©evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb m¤ú‡K© gIjvbv fvmvbxi `„wófw½:
2. cvwK¯Ívb Ges †K›`ªxq kvmbe¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© fvmvbxi `„wófw½:
3. fvmvbxi ivR‰bwZK `k©b: MYZš¿ I Bmjv‡gi mswgkªY:
¯^vaxbZvi cª‡kœ gIjvbv fvmvbxi ivR‰bwZK `k©b:
1. cvwK¯Ívb MV‡bi ci evOvwji Ae¯’vb:
2. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b fvmvbxi f‚wgKv:
3. hy³d«›U wbe©vPb:
4. 1957 mv‡ji KvMgvix m‡¤§jb: cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡`i me©cÖ_g 'Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKyg' Rvwb‡q ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
¯^vqËkvm‡bi †Rvi `vwe †Zv‡jb|
5. cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii †kvlY I evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä:
6. cvwK¯Ívb we‡ivax Ae¯’vb Ges evsjv‡`k gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯`wZ:
7. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× f~wgKv: gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi mg_©b Av`v‡qi cÖ‡Póv, gywRebMi miKv‡ii Dc‡`óvgÐjxi cÖavb|
4| ÒGKvˇii gnvb gyw³hy‡× weRq G‡jI 2024 mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìv‡b ¯^vaxbZv c~Y©Zv †c‡q‡Q|Ó- Dw³wUi Av‡jv‡K
Avcbvi gZvgZ w`b| 20
gyw³hy‡×i weRq Ges ¯^vaxbZv : 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy× wQj evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GKwU HwZnvwmK I HK¨e× msMÖvg|
ZLbKvi ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi AwaKvi ni‡Yi weiæ‡× evOvwj RvwZ A¯¿ Zz‡j †bq Ges wb‡R‡`i RvZxq †PZbv, ms¯‹…wZ
Ges ¯^vaxbZv i¶vi Rb¨ hy× K‡i| ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiæ‡× jovB K‡i, evsjv‡`k wbR¯^ ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| GB
¯^vaxbZv wQj g~jZ ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK w`K †_‡K RbM‡Yi AwaKvi cÖwZôv| gyw³hy‡×i ci †`‡ki msweavb
cÖYqb, ¯^vaxb ivó« cÖwZôv Ges RvZxq †PZbv M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c †bqv nq| Z‡e, G ¯^vaxbZv wKQzw`‡bi
g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK †kvlY, ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv, Ges mvgvwRK Am‡šÍvlmn wKQy msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb nq|
2024 mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìvb: ¯^vaxbZvi c~Y©Zv :
2024 mv‡j †h MYAfz¨Ìvb ev e„nr RbM‡Yi cÖwZev` Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v ejv n‡”Q, Zv evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb ivR‰bwZK,
A_©‰bwZK, Ges mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZi cÖwZ RbM‡Yi †¶vf Ges Af¨šÍixY cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ AvKv•ÿvi cÖwZdjb| G ai‡bi
Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv g~jZ mgv‡Ri Amš`ó Ask, we‡kl K‡i ZiæY mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU bZzb †PZbv Ges ivR‰bwZK cwieZ©‡bi `vwe
DÌvcb K‡i| GB Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY KvVv‡gv, kvmbe¨e¯’v, Ges cÖkvmwbK `yb©xwZi weiæ‡× GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© av°v
wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK gyw³ :
†h‡nZy ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK A½‡b bvbv ai‡bi Aw¯’iZv, `yb©xwZ, Ges †kvlY Ae¨vnZ wQj, ZvB 2024
mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìvb ev cÖwZev` Av‡›`vjb †`‡ki gvby‡li `vwe I AwaKvi cÖwZôvi c‡¶ GKwU kw³kvjx evZ©v n‡Z cv‡i| GwU
†`‡ki MYZš¿, AvB‡bi kvmb, mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi Ges gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©‡bi GKwU bZyb cÖwµqv n‡Z
cv‡i|
 ¯^vaxbZvi c~Y©Zv: A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK gyw³
¯^vaxbZv ïaygvÎ ivR‰bwZK gyw³i welq bq, eis Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mgv‡Ri A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK gyw³i mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z| ¯^vaxbZvi c~Y©Zv ZLbB Avm‡e hLb A_©‰bwZK †kvlY, `yb©xwZ, ˆelg¨ Ges gvbevwaKvi j•Nb cy‡ivcywi wbg©~j n‡e|
MYAfz¨Ìvb ev e„nr RbM‡Yi cÖwZev` Av‡›`vjb GB mKj welq‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i Ges evsjv‡`‡k DbœZ Ges mgZvi wfwˇZ
GKwU DbœZ mgvR cÖwZôvi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5| UxKv wjLyb (†h †Kvb 4wU) : 5  4 = 20
(K) wbSzg Øxc :
cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` Avi †mŠ›`‡h©i Acvi m¤¢vebv Qwo‡q Av‡Q nvwZqvi wbSzg Øx‡c| evsjv‡`‡ki me©`w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvM‡ii †gvnbvq
`vuwo‡q _vKv G ØxcwU †hgb cÖvYx I Dw™¢`m¤ú‡` ficyi, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q LwbRm¤ú`| †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi AšÍM©Z nvwZqv Dc‡Rjvi
†QvU GKwU Øxc GB wbSzg Øxc| †gNbv b`xi †gvnbvq †R‡M IVv GB PiwU nvwZqvi g~j f‚LÐ †_‡K `yB wK‡jvwgUvi `w¶Y-cwð‡g
Aew¯’Z| Pi Imgvb, evDjøviPi, Kvgjvi Pi, I †gŠjwfi Pi- GB Pvi Pi wb‡q cy‡iv wbSzg Øxc| cÖvq 14 nvRvi 50 GK‡ii GB
ØxcwU mvM‡ii gvSLv‡b †R‡M I‡V 1940 mv‡j| ZviI cÖvq GK `kK co M‡o I‡V RbemwZ| ØxcwU‡K evsjv‡`k miKvi
RvZxq D`¨vb wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i 2001 mv‡ji 8 Gwcªj| 2013 mv‡j nvwZqvi RvnvRgviv BDwbqb †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q ¯^Zš¿
GKwU BDwbq‡bi gh©v`v cvq wbSzg Øxc| wbSzg Øx‡ci we‡klZ¡ n‡”Q wPÎv nwiY I kxZKv‡ji AwZw_ cvwL| GKm‡½ G‡Zv wPÎv
nwiY †`‡ki Avi †Kv_vI †`Lv hvq bv| Avi mܨv bvg‡jB wkqv‡ji WvK wki`vuov w`‡q †ivgv‡Âi †XD †Zv‡j|
(L) evsjv eø‡KW :
Ôevsjv eø‡KWÕ 2024 mv‡ji ˆelg¨we‡ivax QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vbv‡i GKwU Kg©m~wP| ˆelg¨g~jK †KvUv evwZj I 2018 mv‡ji
miKvwi cwicÎ cybe©nv‡ji `vwe‡Z XvKvi wewfbœ RvqMvq GKÎ n‡q Av‡›`vjbiZ wk¶v_©xiv 7 RyjvB, 2024 Zvwi‡L evsjv eø‡KW
Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i| mviv †`‡ki K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©xiv wg‡j †`‡ki wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c‡q›U Ae‡iva Kiv hv‡Z †KvbI
Mvwo Pj‡Z bv cv‡i| A_©vr mviv †`k eøK Kivi Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ me iæU Ae‡iva Kiv|
(M) cZvKv ˆeVK :
mxgv‡šÍ we‡iva, Aw¯’iZv, fyj †evSveywS †iv‡a `yB †`‡ki mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡a¨ D‡ËRbv cÖkg‡b AvbyôvwbK mfv ev ˆeVK|
GwU mxgv‡šÍ wbqwgZ NUbv| m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`k-fviZ mxgv‡šÍ †eov wbg©vY wb‡q mxgvšÍ D‡ËRbv †`Lv w`‡j `yB‡`‡ki cZvKv
ˆeV‡Ki gva¨‡g D‡ËRbv cÖkwgZ K‡i|
(N) evKkvj :
†kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †h c`‡¶c wb‡q GLbI me‡P‡q †ewk weZK© nq, †mwU n‡”Q GK`jxq kvmb e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv| GB kvmb
e¨e¯’v evKkvj bv‡g cwiwPZ| msweav‡bi PZz_© ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g eû`jxq msm`xq miKvi c×wZ wejyß K‡i ivó«cwZ kvwmZ
miKvi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡qwQj 1975 mv‡ji 25‡k Rvbyqvwi| †kL gywReyi ingvb Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK `j †f‡O w`‡q
'evsjv‡`k K…lK kÖwgK AvIqvgx jxM' (evKkvj) bv‡g RvZxq ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡ib|
(O) †RW †dvm© :
Ô†RW †dvm©Õ 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i gyw³evwnbxi cÖ_g mvgwiK weª‡MW| GwUi Zziv weª‡MW bv‡gI cwiwPZ wQj|
weª‡MWwU evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx miKv‡ii Aby‡gv`b mv‡c‡¶ †gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi Aax‡b 7 RyjvB, 1971 mv‡j MwVZ nq B÷
†e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui 1g, 3q Ges 8g e¨vUvwjq‡bi mgš^‡q| GUvB wQj ZrKvjxb ¯^vaxbZvhy× cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cÖ_g GKwU m¤ú~Y©
weª‡MW| †RW †dvm© Zv‡`i cÖwk¶Y wkwe‡ii R‡b¨ cÖv_wgK fv‡e †gNvj‡qi `yM©g GjvKv Zziv evQvB K‡i Ges wewfbœ eq‡mi I
†ckvRxex gvby‡li gv‡S ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ Zxeª AvKv•ÿv I cÖMvp †PZbv ˆZwi K‡i `ªæZ GK weª‡M‡W iƒc †bq|
L. wefvM
1| Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` Kiæb: 10
evsjv‡`‡ki Pv-kÖwgK‡`i Rxeb GK AeY©bxq `ytL I eÂbvi cÖZxK| kZel© a‡i Zviv Pv evMvb¸‡jvq K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i
P‡j‡Qb| wKš` Zv‡`i kÖ‡gi b¨vh¨ gRywi I †gŠwjK AwaKvi GL‡bv AwbwðZ| wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ evievi Av‡›`vjb
K‡i Zviv AvRI Zv‡`i b¨vh¨ AwaKvi cvqwb| 1830 mv‡j fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K cÖvq 116wU b„-‡Mvôx‡K Pv evMv‡bi
kªwgK wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb weªwUk e¨emvqxiv| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b Zviv G †`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i gvwb‡q
wb‡q‡Qb| wKš` `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨, †`‡ki bvMwiK n‡qI †Zgb †Kv‡bv my‡hvM-myweav Zviv †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| kÖwgK
wn‡m‡e ˆ`wbK b~¨bZg 20 †KwR Pv cvZv msMÖ‡ni k‡Z© GKRb Pv-kÖwgK 170 UvKv gRywi cvb| Amnbxq `ªe¨g~‡j¨i GB evRv‡i
GB A_© wbZvšÍB bMY¨| evsjv‡`‡ki Pv-kÖwg‡Ki cÖvq 64 kZvskB bvix| Zv‡`i †ewki fvMB Acywó‡Z †fv‡M Ges ch©vß
m¨vwb‡Ukb I wbivc` gvZ…‡Z¡i myweav cvb bv| wk¶v, wPwKrmv, evm¯’vbmn bvbv †gŠwjK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Qb Pv-kÖwgKiv|
G †hb be¨ `vmZ¡ev`| Gevi mgq n‡q‡Q GB gvbyl¸‡jv‡K wb‡q fvevi| †`k Ry‡o †h cwieZ©‡bi nvIqv eB‡Q, Zv‡Z †hb GB
gvbyl¸‡jvi fv‡M¨iI cwieZ©b nq| `vmZ¡ bq, Pv-kÖwgK‡`i cÖvwß nIqv DwPZ h_vh_ m¤§vb I AwaKvi|
The life of tea workers in Bangladesh is a symbol of indescribable sorrow and deprivation. They have been
working hard in the tea gardens for centuries. But their fair wages and basic rights are still uncertain.
Despite repeated movements to achieve their rights, they have not received their fair rights to this day. In
1830, British traders brought about 116 ethnic groups from different parts of India to Bangladesh as tea
 garden workers. Over time, they have adapted themselves as citizens of this country. But it is sad to say that
even as citizens of the country, they cannot enjoy any such facilities. A tea worker receives a wage of 170
taka on the condition of collecting a minimum of 20 kg of tea leaves daily as a worker. This amount is
absolutely negligible in this market of unbearable commodity prices. About 64 percent of tea workers in
Bangladesh are women. Most of them suffer from malnutrition and do not get adequate sanitation and safe
maternity benefits. Tea workers are deprived of various basic rights including education, medical care, and
housing. This is like neo-slavery. It is time to think about these people. The winds of change that are
blowing across the country should also change the fate of these people. Not slavery, tea workers should
receive due respect and rights.
2| wb‡Pi cÖkœ `ywUi DËi w`b :
x2 – 2x
3
116– 2x 4x
K. mgvavb Kiæb : 3 = 9 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 05
 
1 1 2 1
4x 2 4x
mgvavb : GLb, 9 = 94x = (3 ) = 34x= 32x
2
(x –2x)
– 3
Avevi, 3 16–2x
(x2–2x) 1
– 16–2x3
3 =3 2x
(x2 – 2x) 1
– 16–2x3 = 2x
–2x3 + 4x2 = 16 – 2x3
ev, 4x2 = 16
ev, x 2 = 4
 x =  2 ; 16 – 2x3  0
wKš` ïw× cixÿvq x = 2 emv‡j mgxKiYwU wm× nq bv| myZivs wb‡Y©q mgvavb x = – 2
L. mgvavb Kiæb : 2a + 2 a = 8 05
mgvavb : GLb, 2a + 2 a = 8
awi, 2a = x
1
x+x=8
x2 +1
 x =8
 x2 + 1 = 8x
 x2 – 8x + 1 = 0
 x2 – 8x +16 = 15
 (x – 4)2 = 15
 x – 4 = 15
ev, x – 4 = – 15
nq, x – 4 = 15
x = 4 + 15
2a = 4 + 15
log(4 + 15)
a= log2
A_ev, x – 4 = – 15
x = 4 – 15
2a = 4 – 15
log(4– 15)
a= log2