Join Calculation
calculation of the
1) whole circle bearing (or azimuth);
2) distance
between two points (or stations) if the
coordinates of them are known on a
grid system
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 1
Join Calculation
N
N = North direction
Sta. A and Sta. B =
Sta . B stations A and B
A B
AB Bearing AB,
= Azimuth AB or
D i st a n c e A B
= WCB AB
Sta . A WCB = Whole circle
bearing
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 2
Procedures
draw a sketch showing the relative
positions of the two stations to
determine in which quadrant the line
falls
the greatest source of error in this type
of calculation is wrong identification of
quadrant
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 3
Quadrants
N
1st Quadrant :
E = +; N = +
IV I
2nd Quadrant :
270 90 E = +; N = -
3rd Quadrant :
III II
E = -; N = -
180
4th Quadrant :
E = -; N = +
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 4
Bearing Determination
AB = tan -1 (EAB/NAB)
= tan -1 (EB - EA) / (NB - NA)
final value of AB will depend on:
the quadrant of the line and
a set of rules, based on the quadrant in
which the line falls.
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 5
Bearing Determination (con’t)
Quadrant I II III IV
Formula no change 180 - 180 + 360 -
E/N must be calculated ignoring
the respective signs of E and N
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 6
Distance Determination
LAB = E2 +N2
To check the result against gross error
use:
LAB = (EAB/sin AB) = (NAB/ cos AB)
small differences occur between the
two results, the correct answer is given
by the trigonometrical functions
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 7
Bearing Determination
if = 5, L found from (N/ cos )
gives the more accurate answer than
(E/ sin ) since the cosine function is
changing less rapidly than the sine
function at this angle value
inspection of the different columns in
the trigonometrical values for the two
functions will show which is the slower
changing
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 8
Example - Join
Calculation
In a road scheme, let the coordinates of
a point X on the road centreline be 8
612 910.74 mE, 8 157 062.28mN. This
point is to be set out by polar
coordinates from a nearby control
station Y with coordinates 8 613
112.33mE, 8 157 238.91mN.
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 9
Example - Join
Calculation
EYX = 8 612 910.74 - 8 613 112.33
= -201.59 m
NYX = 8 157 062.28 - 8 157 238.91
= -176.63 m
distance YX = (-201.59)2 +(-176.63)2
= 268.02 m
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 10
Example - Join
Calculation
YX = tan-1 (201.59 /176.63) = 48 46’
32”
Since YX is in the 3rd quadrant,
therefore
bearing of YX = 180 + 48 46’ 32”
= 228 46’ 32”
To avoid gross error, check distanceYX
using the following formulae:
L
EngineeringAB= (E /sin AB) = (NAB/ cos Join
Surveying II, Dawood
AB Woo AB&)Polar Calculation: 11
Polar Ray Calculation
Name given to the process of
determining coordinates of one point
(EA and NA) based on the following
known information:
coordinates of another point (EB and
NB),
the bearing bA, and
the distance BA (dBA)
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 12
Polar Ray Calculation
The formulae are as follows:
NA = NB + dBA cos BA and
EA = EB + dBA sin BA
all additions being algebraic. The result
can be checked by doing a join
calculation
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 13
Example - Polar Ray Calculation
If NB = 1068.263 m and EB = 2135.920
m; bearing BA = 25 30’ 41” and
distance BA = 100.023m, calculate the
coordinates
N of A.
A = N + d cos
B BA
= 1068.263 + (100.023 x cos 25 30’ 41”)
= 1158.534 m
EA = EB + d sin BA
= 2135.920 + (100.023 x sin 25 30’ 41”)
= 2178.999 m
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 14
Coordinates Computations
using Electronic Calculators
useful for computing coordinates
because the sine and cosine of the
bearing need not be entered
coordinate difference of E and N; or
bearing and distance are then
displayed at the press of several keys
(normally less than the conventional
keystrokes)
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 15
Coordinates Computations
using Electronic Calculators
built-in functions : PR and RP
PR is the conversion of polar
coordinate into rectangular
coordinates (Polar Ray Calculation)
RP is the reverse conversion (Join
Calculation)
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 16
Example: P R
Enter horizontal distance
Press P R
Enter bearing (or azimuth)
Press =
Display N
Press X Y
Display E
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 17
Example: R P
Enter N
Press R P
Enter E
Press =
Display horizontal distance
Press X Y
Display angle
Engineering Surveying II, Dawood Woo Join & Polar Calculation: 18
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