Unit 2.

Wood working machine

Machine that is intended to process wood. These machines are usually powered by motors and used
extensively in wood working.

2.1. Types of wood working machinery

2.1.1. Artisanal machines

These machines are used in small-scale commercial production of timber products. Most of these
machines may be used on solid timber and on composite products. These machines divided into i.
Hand held power tools ii. Stationery machines

2.1.1.1. Hand-held power tools

2.1.1.1.1 Biscuit joiner

It is a wood working tool used to join two pieces of

wood together. The machine is having small circular
blade to cut oval shaped wooden biscuit. Biscuit is
covered with glue or glue is applied in the slot. The
biscuit is immediately placed in the slot, and the two
boards are clamped together. The wet glue expands the biscuit, further improve the bond.

2.1.1.1.2. Domino joiner

The Domino is a loose mortise and tenon joining tool. Cuts mortises in the manner of a biscuit joiner.
A drill-like rotating cutter cuts a round ended mortise. There are 5 cutter sizes (4 mm,
5mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm) for different domino tenon sizes. Self-references pins allow
the cutting of rows of evenly spaced mortise with no need to measure and mark. Morties
width is adjusted in three increments with the turn of a knob and cuts can be overlapped
for long mortises. (Morties = a hole or recess cut into a part which is designed to receive a
corresponding projection (a tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts together)

Tenon= a projecting piece of wood made for insertion into a mortise in another piece

2.1.1.1.3. Chain saw

A chainsaw is a portable, mechanical saw which cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain
that runs along a guide bar. It is used in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucki ng, pruning,
cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression and harvesting of firewood .Origin 1830.

Engine: two-stroke gasoline (petrol) internal combustion engine (cylinder of volume 30-120 cm 3) or
an electric motor driven by battery or electric power cord.
2.1.1.1.4. Hand held circular saw

Power saw using a toothed blade to cut different materials using a rotary motion
spinning around an arbor. Used for cutting materials such as wood, masonry, plastic
or metal may be hand held or mounted to a machine.

2.1.1.1.5. electric drill

Used for boring holes in various materials or fastening various materials together
with the use of fastners.

2.1.1.1. 6. Jig saw

Saw which using reciprocating blade to cut irregular curves, such as stenciled designs, in wood,
metal or other materials.

2.1.1.1.7. Miter saw

Saw used to make a quick, accurate crosscut in a workpiece at a selected angle.

2.1.1.1.8. Nail gun

Tool used to drive nails into wood or other material. Operator can nail 40-60 nails a
minute. It had a capacity of 400-600 nails. Driven by compressed air,
electromegnatism, highly flammable gases(butane or propane etc. )

2.1.1.1.9. Hand held electric plane

Tool for shaping wood using muscle power to force the cutting blade over the
surface of material. For large tasks power planers (motorized power tools) are used.

2.1.1.1.10. Reciprocating saw

A type of saw in which cutting action is achieved through push-and-pull motion of the blade.

2.1.1.1.11. Rotary tools (Die grinder)

Handheld power tools used for grinding, sanding, honing, polishing, or machining material.

2.1.1.1.11.1. Method of cutting action

 Grinding with bonded abrasive stones

 Machining with small burr or small drill biit
 Sanding with coated abressive (sandpaper)
 Honing with fine-grit mounted point
 Lapping with lapping compound
 Polishing with cloth or fibre drums
2.1.1.1.12. Router

It is a tool used to rout out an area in the face of a relatively hard workpiece,
typically of wood or plastics. The main application of router is in
woodworking especially cabinetry.

2.1.1.1.13. hand held sanders

Power tool used to smooth surfaces by abrasion or sandpaper. Sanders have a means to attach the
sandpaper and a mechanism to move it rapidly.

2.1.2. Stationary machines

2.1.2.1. Band saw

It is a saw with a long sharp blade consisting of a continuous band of

toothed metal stretched between two or more wheels to cut the material.
They are used principally in woodworking, metalworking, and lumbering
but may cut a variety of materials. It is powered by electric motors.

Timber mills use very large bandsaws for ripping lumber, they are preferred over circular saw for
ripping because they can accommodate large diameter timber and because of their small kerf,
resulting in less waste.

Timber cutting

There are small portable saw mill consisting of shop size band saw mounted on a guiding table which
are called band saw mill.

2.1.2.1.1. Head saw

Large band saw that make initial cut in a log. The generally have 2-3 inch tooth space on the cutting
edge and sliver teeth on the back. Sliver teeth are non cutting teeth designed to wipe slivers out of the
way when the blade needs to back out of a cut.

2.1.2.1.2. Resaws

Large band saw optemised for cutting timber along the grain to reduce larger section
into smaller section or veneers. Resawing veneers requires a wide blade common ly 2-
3 in. with a small kerf to minimize waste.

2.1.2.1.3. Double cut saw:

Saw with cutting teeth on both the sides. Generally very large. Similar in size to a head saw.
2.1.2.2. Combination machine (Shopsmith).

Woodworking machine that combines the functions of two or separate

machines into a single unit. For example combination machine might
consist of a table saw with a side mounted jointer. Another example is
joint-thicknesser which combines the functions of a jointer with that of a
planer.

2.1.2.3. Drill press

Fixed style of drill that may be mounted on stand or bolted to the floor. Portable
model with a megnatic base grip the steel workpieces they drill. A drill press
consists of a base, column, table, spindle and drill head, usually driven by a
induction motor. The head has a set of handles (usually 3 ) radiating from central
hub.

2.1.2.4. Bench grinder

Grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels. Wheel come with

maximum RPM rating pointed on the label. The grinder’s RPM should be
lower or equal than the maximum operating speeds indicated on the wheels tag must never be
exceeded.

2.1.2.5. Jointer.

Term used for the machine used to make joints using wooden biscuits or plates or Woodworking
machine used to produce a flat surface along a boards length. The jointer derives its name from its
primary function of producing flat edges on boards prior to joining them edge-to-edge to produce
wider boards.

2.1.2.6. Wood Lathe

Is a tool that rotates the work piece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding,
drilling, and turning with tools that are applied to the work piece to create an object with symmetry
about an axis of rotation?

2.1.2.7. Mortiser

Specialized woodworking machine used to cut square or rectangular holes in a piece of lumber such
as a mortise in a mortise and ten0on joint

2.1.2.8. Panel saw

Sawing machine with a sliding table that cuts sheet into sized parts. Panel saws are used by cabinet
shops to easily cut panels, profiles, solid-wood, plywood, laminates, plastic sheets into sizes or
cabinet components.

2.1.2.9. Wood shaper (spindle moulder)

Stationary working machine in which a vertical oriented spindle drives cutter heads to mill profiles of
wood stock. The spindle may be raised and lowered relative to the shaper's table, and rotates between
3,000 and 10,000 rpm, with stock running along a vertical fence.

2.1.2.10. Table saw

A table saw is a woodworking tool consisting of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbor (shaft)
that is driven by an electric motor (either directly, by belt, or by gears). The blade protrudes through
the surface of a table, which provides support for the material, usually wood, being cut.

In a modern table saw, the depth of the cut is varied by moving the blade up and down: the higher the
blade protrudes above the table, the deeper the cut that is made in the material. The angle of cut is
controlled by adjusting the angle of blade.

2.1.2.11. Tenoner or tenoning machine

Tenoning machines use cutter heads and/or saw blades to form projections (tenons) on pieces of
stock. Each tenon can be inserted into a cavity (mortise) on another piece of wood to form a mortise
and tenon joint.

2.1.2.12. Thickness planner

It is a wood working machine to trim boards to a

consistent thickness throughout their length and flat
on both surfaces.

In operation, the table is set to the desired height and

then the machine is switched on. The board is fed into
the machine until it makes contact with the in-feed
roller which grips the board and draws it into the machine and past the rotating cutter head. The
knives remove material on the way through and the out-feed roller pulls the board through and ejects
it from the machine at the end of the pass.

To finish a board that is flat and of uniform thickness along its length, it is necessary to start with a
board that has at least one perfectly flat reference face. The board is fed with this reference face flat
on the table and the cutter head removes an amount of material from the opposite face so that it is
made parallel to the reference face.