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Lecture 5 Feb8

The document discusses concepts related to deformation in materials, including axial deformation, static indeterminate problems, and the effects of temperature change on structures. It introduces the principle of superposition for calculating deformations and explains Poisson's ratio and its significance in material behavior. Additionally, it mentions auxetic materials, which exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio, allowing for transverse elongation when stretched.

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Mallinath Ogirala
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17 views10 pages

Lecture 5 Feb8

The document discusses concepts related to deformation in materials, including axial deformation, static indeterminate problems, and the effects of temperature change on structures. It introduces the principle of superposition for calculating deformations and explains Poisson's ratio and its significance in material behavior. Additionally, it mentions auxetic materials, which exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio, allowing for transverse elongation when stretched.

Uploaded by

Mallinath Ogirala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

No Class next week!

Will have tutorial tomorrow


Example 1
Determine the deformation of the steel
rod shown under the given loads.

E = 200 GPa
Example: Axial deformation

The rigid bar BDE is supported by two


links AB and CD.
Link AB is made of aluminum (E = 70
GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of
500 mm2. Link CD is made of steel (E
= 200 GPa) and has a cross-sectional
area of (600 mm2).
For the 30-kN force shown, determine
the deflection (a) of B, (b) of D, and
(c) of E.
Static Indeterminate Problems
• Structures for which internal forces and
reactions cannot be determined from statics
alone are said to be statically indeterminate.
• A structure will be statically indeterminate
whenever it is held by more supports than
are required to maintain its equilibrium.
• Redundant reactions are replaced with
unknown loads which along with the other
loads must produce compatible
deformations.

• Deformations due to actual loads and


redundant reactions are determined separately
and then added.
 = L + R = 0 Superposition Method
Example
Determine the reactions at A and B for the steel
bar and loading shown, assuming a close fit at
both supports before the loads are applied.
Problems Involving Temperature Change
𝛿𝑇 = 𝐿𝛼∆𝑇 • A temperature change results in a change
𝜀𝑇 = 𝛼∆𝑇 in length or thermal strain. There is no
stress associated with the thermal strain
unless the elongation is restrained by the
supports.
• Treat the additional support as redundant
and apply the principle of superposition.
PL
 T =  ( T ) L P =
AE
 = coefficient of thermal expansion
• The thermal deformation and the
deformation from the redundant support
must be compatible. PL
 ( T ) L + =0
AE
P = − AE ( T )
 = T +  P = 0
P
= = − E ( T )
A
Poisson’s Ratio: After Siméon Denis Poisson
• For a slender bar subjected to axial loading:
x
x = y = z = 0
E
• The elongation in the x-direction is
accompanied by a contraction in the other
directions. Assuming that the material is
homogeneous and isotropic (no directional
dependence),
 y = z  0
Fig. 2.29 A bar in uniaxial tension and
a representative stress element. • Poisson’s ratio is defined as
lateral strain y z
=− =− =− Positive
axial strain x x
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑥
𝜀𝑥 = 𝜀𝑦 = 𝜀𝑧 = −𝜈 = −𝜈𝜀𝑥
𝐸 𝐸
Fig. 2.30 Materials undergo transverse
contraction when elongated under axial load. −1 < 𝜈 < 0.5
Negative Poisson’s Ratio: Auxetic
• Unique class of materials that undergo transverse elongation when stretched.
• First synthetic negative Poisson’s ratio material by Prof. Rod Lakes,
Science1987
• Conservation of energy vs. conservation of volume?

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