U Thura (B.E.

) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

CHAPTER 1
CHEMISTRY: THE CENTRAL SCIENCE
Exercise 1.1
1. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Chemistry is an area of knowledge remarkable for its …………….. and ……………
(b) Knowledge of chemistry is essential to ………..the quality of our lives.
(c) Chemistry is the study of …………….. and the …………….it undergoes.
(d) study
Chemistry is the Matter has ……………….
of matter and ………………….
and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
(e) We burn ……………….to get energy to propel our automobiles.
(f) Burning gasoline gives ……………………to propel automobiles.
(g) We practice chemistry when we …………….. in the kitchen.
(h) We practice chemistry when we …………….. in our houses.
(i) We practice chemistry when we …………….. in our rooms.
(j) We practice chemistry when we …………….. cosmetics.
(k) We practice chemistry when we …………….. medicine.
(l) We practice chemistry when we …………….. an injury.
(m) Our body takes ……………….. from the air.
(n) Chemistry is a …………………. that touches our life every moment.
Food science(o) Chemistry deals
– (iii)■Forensic with
science ……………………from
– (iv)■Medical the
science – …………parts of atoms
(ii)■Environmental scienceto the ………….. – (iii)■Toxicolo
– (i)■Agriculture

Answers
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology
(a) matter■(b)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
1
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

2. Answer the following questions.

(a) Just what is chemistry anyway?

(b) What is matter?

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
(c) What is chemistry?

(d) Write down the societal issues are regularly featured in the media.

Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
(e) Write down any three cases that we practice chemistry everyday.

(f) List the branches of science.

(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
2
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

3. Match each of the following.

(a)
List A List B
(a)Food science (i)Chemical reactions that happen in atmosphere, water and soil.
(b)Forensic science (ii)Chemical reactions used for treatment or prevention of a disease.
(c)Medical science (iii)Chemical reactions in the combination of food chemical to form a new product
(d)Environmental science (iv)Chemical reactions to analyse substances such as blood,DNA and gunpowder residue.

List A List B
(a)Food
Chemistry science
is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
(b)Forensic science
(c)Medical science
(d)Environmental science
(b)
List A List B
(a)Agriculture (i)the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture
(b)Toxicology (ii)concerned with detection of poisons.
(c)Archaeology (iii)concerned with fertilizer , insecticide , plant hormone ,etc..
(d)Nuclear science (iv)is the study of atomic world

Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
List A List B
(a)Agriculture
(b)Toxicology
(c)Archaeology
(d)Nuclear science
(c)
List A List B
(a)Genetics (i)is the study of structures and materials on an ultra-small scale.
(b)Chemical engineering (ii)is the study of computation and information.
(c)Computer science (iii)is the branches of engineering that deals with chemical product.
(d)Nanoscience
(a) matter■(b) (iv)is Archaeology■(e)
mass■(c) energy■(d) the branches of biology concerned with
Toxicology■(f) the study of genes.
Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

List A List B
(a)Genetics
(b)Chemical engineering
(c)Computer science
(d)Nanoscience

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
3
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■
4. Select the correct answer.
(a) Chemistry is the study of (volume, temperature, matter ) and their changes.
(b) Matter has (velocity, mass, pressure) and occupies space.
(c) Burning of gasoline give (energy, oxygen, cool) to propel automobile.
(d) (Archaeology, Biology, Physics) is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of
material culture.
(e) (Computer science, Toxicology, Nanotechnology) concerned with detection of poisons.
(f) (Agriculture, Toxicology, Nanotechnology) concerned with fertilizer, insecticide, plant hormone ,etc..
(g) (Forensic science, Toxicology, Nuclear science) is the study of atomic world.
(h) (Forensic science, Nanotechnology, Agriculture) is the study of structures and materials on an ultra-
small scale.
(i) (Computer science, Toxicology, Nanotechnology) is the study of computation and information.
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
(j) (Forensic science, Chemical engineering, Agriculture) is the branches of engineering that deals with
chemical product.
(k) (Computer science, Toxicology, Genetic) is the branches of biology concerned with the study of genes.
(l) (Forensic, Medical, Food) science is to analyse substances such as lood,DNA and gunpowder residue.
(m) (Forensic, Medical, Food) science is the combination of food chemical to form a new product.
(n) (Forensic, Medical, Food) science is used for treatment or prevention of a disease.
(o) (Computer, Medical, Environmental ) that happen in atmosphere, water and soil.

Answers
(a)
(b)
(c) – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
Food science
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
4
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

5. Classify the following into four groups.

Food , Medicine , Agriculture , Cleansing agent
Protein soap detergent pesticides herbicides
antibiotics carbohydrate water dietary fiber antiseptics
penicillin fertilisers insecticides sodium hypochlorite(liquid bleach)
tetracycline amoxicillin food colour vitamins and minerals fungicides

Food Medicine Agriculture Cleansing agent

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che

Food6. In what
science ways does chemistry
– (iii)■Forensic affect yourscience
science – (iv)■Medical life? – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo

(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
5
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

Exercise 1.2
1 Select the correct answer.
a) There are ( four, five, three ) categories that classified chemistry on the time line.
b) Prehistoric time to the beginning of Christian era (about 300 BC) is classified as (black
magic, alchemy, traditional chemistry) period.
c) The ancients believed the world made of (five, six, four) elements.
d) The Greek philosophers used (water, fire, soil) to bring about chemical changes.
e) The Greek philosopher that explained the behavior of matter is ( Robert Boyle,
Antoine Lavoisier, Aristotle) .
f) From about 300 BC to the end of (17th, 18th,19th ) century is the experimental roots of
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
chemistry are planted in alchemy.
g) Alchemists made several attempts to turn cheaper metals to (silver, gold, soil) using
the substance called the Philosopher’s Stone.
h) (Black magic, Alchemy, Modern chemistry) is classified from about 300 BC to the end
of 17th century.
i) Alchemists wanted to find (gold, silver, elixir) that would enable people to live longer
and cure all ailments.
j) In 1661, (Robert Boyle, Antoine Lavoisier, John Dalton) developed the basic ideas
about the behavior of gases.
k) Traditional chemistry period started by the end of 17th century up to the middle of
( 18th , 19th ,20th )century.
Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
l) In 1774, (Robert Boyle, John Dalton, Joseph Priestley) discovered oxygen.
m) French chemist (Robert Boyle, Antoine Lavoisier, John Dalton) explained the law of
conservation of matter based on experimentation method.
n) Aristotle dominated the (Greek , Chinese, Asian) culture.
o) In 1803 (John Dalton, Amadeo Avogadro, Antoine Lavoisier) postulated Atomic
Theory.
p) All matter is made of atoms, which are (small and divisible, small and indivisible, large
and divisible).
q) (John Dalton , Amadeo Avogadro, Antoine Lavoisier)laid the groundwork for a more
quantitative approach to chemistry by calculating the number of particles in a given
amount
(a) matter■(b) of a gas.
mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology
r) (Traditional chemistry, Modern chemistry, Alchemy) starts from the middle of 19th
century to the present time.

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
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 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

Answers
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)

1. Answer the following questions.

Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
(a) Write down four categories that classified chemistry on the time line.
Four categories that classified chemistry on the time line are-
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(b) Write down four elements that the ancient believed.

Four elements that the ancient believed are
(1)
(2)mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology
(a) matter■(b)
(3)
(4)

(c) Write down some examples that the ancient used fire to bring about chemical
changes.
Some examples that the ancient used fire to bring about chemical changes are

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
7
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

(d) What are the goals of alchemists?

The goals of alchemists are

(e) Who developed the basic ideas about the behavior of gases?
……………………………………….…… developed the basic ideas about the behavior of gases.

(f) Write down the time line of traditional chemistry.

The time line of traditional chemistry are
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che

(g) Who discovered a gas, later named oxygen?

................................................................... discovered a gas, later named oxygen.

(h) Who explained the law of conservation of matter?

…………………………………………………………… explained the law of conservation of matter.

(i) Who postulated Atomic theory?

…………………………………………………………. postulated Atomic theory.

(j) Write down some areas that have emerged as being especially important in modern
Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
chemistry?
Some areas that have emerged as being especially important in modern chemistry
are-

(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
8
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

2. You can search data by using internet and complete the following table.
Chemist Period
John Dalton(1766-1844) Traditional chemistry
Aristotle (384BC-32BC)
Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856)
Marie Curie(1867-1934)
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)
Alfred Nobel(1833-1896)
Rosalind Franklin(1920-1958)
Chemistry Robert Boyle(1627-1691)
is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)

3. Do you know the following.

(a) Four element(Dat-gyi-lay-bar)
(b) Noble metals
(c) Important metals elements that are used in Myanmar alchemist experiments
¶a) Four element(Dat-gyi-lay-bar) are ………………………………………………………
¶b) Noble metals are ………………………………………………………………………………..
¶c) Important metals elements that are used in Myanmar alchemist experiments
are ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
4. Match each of the following.
List A List B
(a) Aristotle (i) discovered the gas, oxygen
(b) Robert Boyle (ii) postulated the atomic theory
(c) Joseph Priestley (iii) laid the background for a more quantitative approach to chemistry
(d)Antoine Laviosier (iv) very early chemist tried to turn cheaper metals to gold
(e) John Dalton (v) explained the Law of Conservation of matter
(f)Amadeo Avogadro (vi) formulated the theories on the behavior of matter
(g)Alchemist (vii) developed the basic ideas about the behavior of gases

(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology
List A List B
(a) Aristotle
(b) Robert Boyle
(c) Joseph Priestley
(d)Antoine Laviosier
(e) John Dalton
(f)Amadeo Avogadro
(g)Alchemist

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
9
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

Exercise 1.3
1. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Chemistry is important because everything we do is …………………….
(b) Our body is made of …………………
(c) The air you are breathing is a mixture of elements like ………….and ………………
(d) The book you are reading is made from …………………or …………………….
(e) The clothes you are wearing are probably made from synthetic chemicals called
polymers, such as ……………………or …………………..
(f) The seat you are sitting on is perhaps a plastic polymer, with ………………;foam
seat padding and metal support.
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
(g) The room you are in is made from …………….... ,………… ,…………..and……….
(h) We should control the use of chemicals so that …………………their benefits and
…………………..their risk.
Answers
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
(h)
2. Classify the following chemicals under three group.
§ The seat ( plastic polymer)
§ Protein
§ Sugar
§ Pencil (graphite)
§ Book (wood pulp)
§ Cement
§ Eraser (butyl rubber and copolymers)
§ Concrete
§ Ruler
(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) (plastic polymer)
energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology
§ Blood
§ Pen (ink)
Chemicals in classroom Chemicals in school bag Chemicals in human body

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
10
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

3. You can search data by using internet and complete the following table.
No. Common Name Uses Chemicals
1 Baking powder Baking
2 Soap Sodium salt of organic fatty acid
3 Toothpaste Cleaning teeth
4 Detergent Phosphate compounds
5 Cooking Sodium chloride
6 Vinegar Cooking/pickling
7 Graphite In pencil
Chemistry is the study of matter and Sweetener
8 sucrose
the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
9 Aspirin medicine
10 Mothball Personal hygiene
11 Chalk marking

Exercise 1.4
1. Write down the five main branches of chemistry.
The five main branches of chemistry are-
(1)
(2)
(3)
Food science(4)
– (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
(5)

2. What are the long forms of QC and QA?

QC =
QA =

3. Select the correct answer.

(a) Organic chemistry is an area of study on (hydrocarbon, metallurgy, composition
of substance).
(b) (Organic, Inorganic , Physical) chemistry deals with pharmaceutical and plastics.
(c)mass■(c)
(a) matter■(b) Organicenergy■(d)
chemistry Archaeology■(e)
is the most (nitrogen, oxygen,Agriculture■(g)
Toxicology■(f) carbon) containing chemicals.
Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology
(d) Inorganic chemistry is (deals , does not deal, concerns) with hydrocarbon.
(e) (Biochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Physical chemistry) is the study of behavior
and changes of matter and related energy changes.
(f) (Organic, Inorganic , Physical) chemistry deals with minerals, metals and non-
metals, semiconductors.
(g) (Organic, Inorganic , Physical) chemistry deals with the rate of reaction and
reaction mechanisms.

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
11
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

(h) (Analytical, Inorganic , Physical) chemistry deals with QC and QA.

(i) (Organic, Inorganic , Analytical) chemistry deals with the components and
compositions of substances.
(j) (Biochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Physical chemistry) is the study of matter
and processes of living organisms.
(k) (Biochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Physical chemistry) deals with the
metabolism and fermentation.
(l) The behavior and changes of matter and related energy are studied in (analytical,
inorganic , physical) chemistry.
(m) An area of study on matter not deal with hydrocarbon is (analytical, inorganic ,
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che
physical) chemistry.

Answers
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)

Exercise 1.5
1. How does the study of chemistry relate to other areas of study in science?

(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
12
 U Thura (B.E.) Grade 10 Workbook
(a) diversity, usefulness■(b) improve■(c) matter, changes■(d) mass, volume■(e) gasoline■(f) energy■(g) cook■(h) clean■

Exercise 1.6
1. Write down the six main themes in Basic Education High School Chemistry Course?
The six main themes in Basic Education High School Chemistry Course are
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.■Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.■Che

Food science – (iii)■Forensic science – (iv)■Medical science – (ii)■Environmental science – (i)■Agriculture – (iii)■Toxicolo

(a) matter■(b) mass■(c) energy■(d) Archaeology■(e) Toxicology■(f) Agriculture■(g) Nuclear science■(h) Nanotechnology

Food: Protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary fiber, Food colour, Vitamins■Medicine: Antibiotics, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin,
13