Module 1: Globalization
- What is Globalization?
- It's how the world is becoming more connected.
- People, goods, money, ideas, and culture now move around the world faster and easier.
- Important Ideas
- Time-Space Compression: The world feels smaller because we can travel and communicate
faster.
- Uneven Effects: Globalization helps some places more than others. Some benefit, some are left
behind.
- Kinds of Globalization
- Economic: International trade and businesses.
- Financial: Global money systems like stock markets.
- Cultural: Foreign cultures mixing or replacing local ones.
- Political: Countries following global rules or joining groups like the UN (United Nations).
- Sociological: People and information moving quickly across borders.
- Technological: Using the internet and digital tools to connect globally.
- Geographic: Traveling easily changes how we see the world.
- Ecological: Countries working together to solve global problems like climate change.
- What Scholars Say
- Manfred Steger: Globalization makes people more connected across the world.
- Globalism = The belief that global connection is good for all.
- Arjun Appadurais 'Scapes':
- Ethnoscape: People moving.
- Mediascape: Spread of media and culture.
- Technoscape: Tech and tools spreading.
- Financescape: Global money flow.
- Ideoscape: Political ideas spreading.
- Key Point
- Globalization has many sidessome helpful, some harmful.
Module 2: Economic Globalization
- What is It?
- Its about how goods, services, and money are traded between countries.
- History
- Silk Road: Old trade route (China to Europe).
- Galleon Trade: Connected Asia and the Americas through the Philippines.
- Gold Standard: A way to keep trade fair using gold.
- Big Economic Systems
- Bretton Woods: Set rules after WWII to help world economy.
- IMF (International Monetary Fund): Helps countries with money problems.
- World Bank: Helps poor countries grow.
- GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade): Helped countries trade with fewer taxes.
- Challenges
- Stagflation: Prices went up, but economy slowed down.
- Neoliberalism: Idea that governments should spend less and let businesses grow freely.
- Main Players
- TNCs (Transnational Corporations): Big companies that often care more about profit than people.
- Rich Countries: Protect their own products; this can hurt poor countries.
- Problems
- Trade Imbalance: Poor countries lose in trade.
- Race to the Bottom: Countries make rules weaker to attract investors.
- Philippines' Role
- Joined early global trade and still affected by global economy today.
- Summary
- Economic globalization shapes how the world trades, but its not always fair.
- Quotes to Remember
- The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. John F. Kennedy
*Prepare and solve problems while things are still going well.*
- There aint no such thing as a free lunch. Pierre Dos Utt
*Everything has a costeven things that seem free.*
Module 3: Global Politics & International Relations
- What Globalization Does to Governments
- Countries now depend on each other more.
- Global rules can pressure local governments.
- Sovereignty (independence) can be challenged.
- Global Organizations
- Examples: UN (United Nations), WTO (World Trade Organization), IMF (International Monetary
Fund).
- Treaties: Formal deals between countries.
- Diplomacy: Countries talk and make peace through their leaders.
- Two Big Ideas
- Internationalism: Countries working together.
- Liberal Internationalism: Wants world peace and cooperation (Kant, Bentham).
- Socialist Internationalism: Focuses on working-class unity, not nationalism (Marx).
- Globalism: Belief in a fully connected world (economy, politics, culture).
- Todays World
- Countries still have power, but global groups influence them too.
- History of International Relations
- Treaty of Westphalia (1648): Countries should control themselves.
- Napoleons Wars: Challenged old systems.
- Concert of Europe: Tried to keep peace in Europe.
- Important Thinkers
- Kant, Bentham, Mazzini, Wilson, Marx all had ideas about how the world should work together.
- Revolutions Matter
- Revolutions (like in Russia) can lead to new global ideas and alliances.
- Big Questions Today
- Can countries stay independent while joining global groups?
- How do we balance local power and global cooperation?
- Quotes to Remember
- The measure of a man is what he does with power. Plato
*A persons true character is shown by how they use their authority or control.*
- Democracy arises out of the notion that those who are equal in any respect are equal in all
respects. Aristotle
*People believe in democracy because they think everyone deserves the same rights and respect.*
