Group 3 ( physical education)

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Aims and objectives of physical education
1. Aims
>promoting physical fitness :regular physical activities e.g aerobic exercise,
strength training and flexibility routine helps improve cardiovascular endurance,
muscular strength and flexibility.
>skill development: it aims at fostering skill development in various sports and
physical activities.
>health education: students are educated about the principals of healthy lifestyle,
including nutrition hygiene and effects of a sedentary lifestyle. This knowledge
empowers them to make informed decisions about their health and well-being.
>stress reduction; regular exercise stimulates the release of endorphins which act
as natural mood elevators.
>social development: through activities like team work, students learn special
skills e.g team work, communication and cooperation. These skills are transferable
to various aspects of life.

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>cultural awareness: physical education exposes students to a wide range of
sports and physical activities from different cultures.
>gender equality: physical education encourages girls and boys to participate in
all activities challenging traditional norms and fostering inclusivity.
>ethical values: physical education instills ethical values such as fairness, respect
and honesty.

[Link]

>physical fitness assessment: it prioritizes the assessment of student’s physical

fitness level.
>skill proficiency: this includes not only basic motor skill e.g., running, jumping
but also more specialized skill required for specific sport and activities
>psychomotor development: it encompasses both fine and gross motor skills.
>mental well-being: physical education helps in reducing stress and anxiety
promoting a sense of well-being.
>gender equality and empowerment
>ethical behavior: students are taught the importance of fair play, respect for the
opponent, adherence to the rule and good sportsmanship.
>health promotion: teaching the importance of maintaining health lifestyle.

>stronger bones: weight – bearing exercises such as walking or strength training

improve bone density reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

Benefits of physical education

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>improves sleep: physical activities can help you fall asleep faster and deepen the
quality of sleep.
>increases energy: improves muscle strength and boost endurance making daily
activities feel less tiresome.
>boosts immune system: regular enhance immune function helps the body to fight
off illnesses and infections.
>mental health benefit: exercise releases endorphins improving mood and
reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress.
>longevity: people who are physically fit tend to live longer with lower risk of
many chronic diseases like diabetes and cancer.

Identification of injuries during sporting activities

 Fractures
Signs: intense pain, bruising, deformity and possible audible cracking.

 Dislocation
Signs: visible deformity, severe pain, swelling, immobility, tingling.
 Sprains and strains
Signs: pain, swelling, bruising, muscle spasms, difficulty moving the muscle.
 Tendon injuries
Signs: pain at the site of the tendon, swelling, tenderness, weakness in the affected
area.
 Concussions
Signs: dizziness, confusion, headache, nausea, memory loss, sensitivity to light.
 Shin splints
Signs: tenderness, mild swelling, pain during physical activity.
 Bruises
 Caused by blunt force trauma
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 Signs: discoloration, swelling, tenderness, and stiffness.

First aid treatment

 Cuts and wounds

Steps
o Clean your hands and apply pressure to stop the bleeding using a clean cloth
or bandage.
o Clean the wound with water to prevent infection.
o Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover it with a sterile bandage.
o Seek the medical help if the wound is deep, gapping or won’t stop bleeding.

 Burns
o Cool the burn under running water for 10 -20 minutes
o Apply an aloe vera gel or burn ointment.
o Cover with a sterile, non-stick bandage.
 Sprains and strains
o Rest the injured area
o Ice the injury for 15-20 minutes every 2 hours to reduce the swelling.
o Compress the area with an elastic bandage to limit swelling.
o Elevate the injured limb above heart level to reduce swelling.
o If the injury is severe or if there is a loss of mobility, seek medical help.
 Fractures
Steps:
o Immobilize the injured area by applying a splint or sling.
o Do not attempt to realign the bone.
o Apply ice on the swelling.
o Seek emergency medical care if severe.

 Nose bleeding
Steps:
o Sit upright and lean forward to prevent swallowing f blood.

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 o Pinch the soft part of the nose for about 10 minutes.
o Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose.

 Severe allergic reactions

o Administer epinephrine if available.
o Call emergency services immediately.
o Keep the person lying down and raise the legs to improve
circulation.

 Heart attack
o Call emergency services immediately.
o Have the person sit and rest a comfortable position.
o Administer aspirin to reduce clotting.
o Monitor their condition and be prepared to start CPR if they lose
consciousness.

 Poisoning
o Call a poison control center or emergency services.
o If the person was ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed
by a medical professional.
o If on the skin, rinse the area thoroughly with water.

Disposal of the casualty

 Assess the situation

 Ensure the area is safe for both the casualty and the rescuer.
 Do not move the casualty unless absolutely necessary in immediate danger
such as fire.

 Call for medical assistance

 Contact emergency services and provide details about the injury, location
and condition of the casualty.
 Stay on the line with emergency operators and follow their instructions.

 airway Monitor the casualty

 Check, breathing and circulation regularly.

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 If the casualty is unconsciousness but breathing, place them in the recovery
position.

 Transporting the casualty.

 If the injury requires professional medical attention but is non-life-
threatening, ensure they are transported to the hospital or medical facility in
a comfortable and safe position.
 For serious injuries, wait for trained medical personnel to arrive.

 Follow-up care
 Once the casualty has been handed over to medical professionals, parade
them into details of the first administered.

Prevention
 Proper warm-up cool-down: always begin with dynamic stretching or light
aerobic exercises to gradually increase blood flow to the muscles, thereafter
engage in stretching or light movement to gradually bring your heart back to
normal and improve flexibility.
 Correct technique: learn and practice the proper technique for sports or
physical activities to reduce the risk of injury.
 Strength and flexibility training: engage in strengthening exercises to
build muscle endurance and support joints, reducing the risk of strains,
sprains and tears.
 Adequate rest recovery: avoid overtraining and allow the body sufficient
time to recover between activities which can prevent overuse injuries like
tendinitis or stress fractures.
 Hydration and nutrition: stay hydrated especially during physical activities
to prevent dehydration and heart related illnesses.
 Appropriate footwear: wear supportive shoes that fit well and are suited for
your specific activity to prevent foot and ankle injuries.
 Progress gradually: gradually increase the intensity, duration and frequency
of physical activities.
 Education and training: educate yourself and others on basic first aid,
injury prevention technique and safe practices for specific sports or physical
activities.
 Stress management: high levels of stress can weaken the immune system
and lead to poor decisionmaking, increasing the risk of injury.