CHURCH ARCHITECTURE  finished in 1800

Instructor: Architect Eva Maria Villanueva  located within the grid iron planned
streets of a colonial town
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE  baroque elements include protruding
 simple, patterned after early Christian types; either columns and solid frames; three
rectangular or cruciform with simple naves and aisles arched doorways leading to three
 thick walls reinforced with heavy buttresses for naves at the first level, guarded by
earthquakes protection ionic pillars with chinese fu dogs
 immense sizes because of colonial policy which  urn-like finial at pediment
dictated that a church should be built for every 5000
baptized
 materials used include: volcanic tuff (adobe),
hardened lava, volcanic ejecta, sandstone, river
boulders, clay, corals, limestone, oyster shells, eggs

SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES
 PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte
 built in 1694 by Antonio Estavillo,
completed 1702-1710
 façade: rectangular, with arched doorway,
four continuous pilasters alternating with
niches  SANTA MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos Sur
 finials and crenellations at pediment niche at  constructed late 18th century, 85
the apex steps leading to the church was built
 huge volutes with low relief lines tracing the by Augustinian Benigno Fernandez
contour to disguise the large buttresses  massive brick church perched on a hill
 façade has circular buttresses, three
openings and a blind niche, semi-
circular pediment

 VIGAN CHURCH, Ilocos Sur

 TUMAUINI CHURCH, Isabela

 begun 1783-1788 by Dominican
Domingo Forto and town mayor
 Pablo Sason; 1803-1808 – circular belltower
was completed
 pampango artisans carved the hardwood  BARASOAIN CHURCH, Bulacan
molds for the clay insets that decorate the  1871-1878 : stone church was
church constructed to replace wooden
 ultra-baroque : unique for its extensive use structure; 1880 – earthquake ruined
of baked clay both for wall finishes and the church
ornamentation  1885 : Augustinian Juan Giron
 ornamental details : serpentine reliefs, commissioned a builder named
spiral curves, flowers, foliage, sunfaces, Magpayo to rebuild the church
cherubs and saints  variation on the circle motif
 circular belltower with white limestone finish,  flutings on pilasters with ends blunted
decorated with bright red clay rosettes and into semicircles detract from the
festoons NeoClassical
 belltower has a cubic base, three layes
accented by blind and open windows,
top has crenellations and six-sided
cone


ANGAT CHURCH, Bulacan
 begun 1756-1773 by Augustinian Gregorio
Giner; completed in 1802 by Fray Joaquin
Calvo
 baroque style : coupled Corinthian and
Doric columns divide façade into levels or
segments, statues ringed with wreath-like
ornaments flank niches, windows with bas-
relief “curtains”
 plain three-storey belltower with balustered
top
 plans approved by the Royal Audencia
de Mexico and by a Royal Cedula
 1854 : Don Luciano Oliver (Municipal
 SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH, Manila Architect of Manila) directed the
 a church built for all times after previous renovation of the façade by adding to
churches were damaged by earthquakes in the height of the towers; these towers
1863 and 1880 were damaged in the 1863 earthquake
 designed in the Gothic style (without flying and were never rebuilt
buttresses) by Genaro Palacios in Revivalist  plaza adorned with Fu dogs represents
architecture colonial urban planning
 made entirely of steel; plans were sent to  High Renaissance : superpositioned
Belgium where the parts were made in Tuscan orders at first level, Corinthian
sections then transported to Manila capitals at second level; circular
 interiors were painted to resemble faux windows at plain pediment; heavily
marble; adorned with sculpture by Eusebio carved, two-paneled main door with
Garcia and painting by Lorenzo Rocha images of St. Augustine and St. Monica
amidst Philippine flora
 nave is flanked by 12 collateral
chapels each housing a Baroque or
NeoClassic retablo
 Baroque elements include trompe l’oeil
: sculpture by Italian artists Cesare
Dibella and Giovanni Alberoni on
the ceiling and pilasters
 cloisters built around an atrium with a
garden planted by Augustinian
botaninst Manuel Blanco

 SAN AUGUSTIN CHURCH, Manila

 oldest church in the Philippines; built
1587-1607 by Juan Macias according to the
  façade : a whole tablet without
columns and cornices, only
symmetrically positioned

 TAAL CHURCH, Batangas

 1858 : Fray Marcos Anton, with the help of
the architect Don Luciano Oliver, started
construction; the church was completed in
1878
 built on top of a hill and may be reached
through flagstone steps, unobstructed by
other buildings
 façade : arched windows alternate with Ionic
columns at first level, Corinthian at upper
level; projected cornices and mouldings; three
pediments
 interior is cavernous bur drab with stout piers fenestrations, apertures and niches;
and semi-circular apse : mathematical whorls, twisted columns, foliage,
exactness rather than ornamentation medallions, statues and reliefs


DARAGA CHURCH, Albay
 established by people who fled the eruption of
Mt. Mayon form Cagsawa  MIAGAO CHURCH, Iloilo
 the Franciscan wanted a church with the best  present church was built 1786-1797
features of Romanesque and Gothic, but it under the supervision of fray
was executed by the carvers in Baroque
 Francisco Gonzales Maximo; a storey was
added to the left belfry in 1830
 also served as fortress against Muslim pirates,
simple and massive structure mixed with
ornate details
 local botanical motifs at façade reliefs
reminiscent of cookie cutouts (de gajeta),
used to describe 16th century Mexican
architectural reliefs


SANTO NINO DE CEBU BASILICA, Cebu
 built by Fray Juan de Albarran about 400
years ago, on the site where a soldier found
an image of the Sto. Nino in a settlement that
the Spanish soldiers have burned down
 the Convent was founded in 1565, making it
the first to be built in the country
 constructed with stones from Panay and Capiz
 façade : blending of Moorish, Romanesque
and NeoClassical elements; trefoils on the
doorways; two levels divided into three
segments and topped by pediment; retablo at
the center
 belltower has four-sided balustraded dome
 interior : pierced screen with floral motifs,
pineapple decors at the choirloft, corn cobs at
the capital