I.
Exponent Rules Review, Change-of-Base
A. Simplify each expression as much as possible (a lot of this should look familiar)
1. 1 1
2. 1 1 1
3. 1 𝑥
33 • 93 12 3 • 45 3 • 50 3 ( 2 ) • (− 192)
4. 1 5. 9 • (3 )
𝑥 7 6. 0.5
1
𝑥
8
• 2 5 • 125 6 • 5
7. 75
3𝑥 1 𝑥
• (9) • (
1
𝑥
5
) 8. (2
𝑥+ 3 𝑥− 3
) •8
9. 1
𝑥
1 −𝑥
+ (3)
5 3
B. Multiply the binomial expressions.
10. ( 3 + 12)(
4
− 3)
11. 3 3/2 3 3/2 12. (2 − 𝑥)
𝑥 2
3
(2𝑥 − 𝑥 )(2𝑥 + 𝑥 )
C. Solve for x
14. 25
2𝑥+1
= 625 15. −2𝑥 + 1
36 = 216
16. 𝑥
64 = 4096 17. 3𝑥+2
15 =
1
15
18. 4 2𝑥
1
81 − 2 𝑥 19. 2•3
𝑥−1
=
2
( 3
) =( 256
) 9
20. (review) 21. (review)
3 2
𝑥− 2 = 𝑥 𝑥 − 4𝑥 = − 5𝑥
22. 23.
II. Basic Graphs of Exponential Functions
A. Calculating bx - for each of the following, calculate at least 5 points on the graph of the parent
function f(x) = bx
24. f(x) = 3x 1 𝑥
25. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 3 ) 26. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
𝑥
x f(x) x f(x) x f(x)
B. Calculating/ graphing transformations of bx - for each of the following, calculate at least 5 points on
the graph of the function 𝑔(𝑥). (These functions have the same base as the previous problems!)
Then, graph the function and note its key attributes below.
1 −𝑥 𝑥
27. g(x) = 3x+2 28. 𝑔(𝑥) = ( 3 ) 29. 𝑔(𝑥) = − 2 • 2 +1
x g(x) x g(x) x g(x)
Domain: Domain: Domain:
Range: Range: Range:
Y-intercept: Y-intercept: Y-intercept:
X-intercept: X-intercept: X-intercept:
Horizontal asymptote: Horizontal asymptote: Horizontal asymptote:
III. Growth, Decay, Interest, Compound Interest, Euler’s Number, Natural Growth
A. Determine the appropriate formula - for each of the following scenarios, state whether you would
use simple interest, compound interest, the natural growth/decay formula, or you can put “none of
these” if an exponential model is inappropriate.
30. How much of a radioactive isotope is left in the soil after sitting for 17 years. __________________
31. How many years it takes for a car’s value to decline by 50%. ______________________________
32. The velocity of a nuclear-powered spaceship as it re-enters the earth’s atmosphere.____________
33. How much time it will take to pay off a $35,672 student loan debt. __________________________
34. The amount of $5 girl scout cookies you need to sell in order to raise $17,500 for charity. ________
35. The interest paid on the balance of a checking or savings account. _________________________
36. The population of a subtropical bird species in decline. ___________________________________
B. For each of the following, create an appropriate model (write an equation) and calculate the needed
value. Please use a complete sentence and the correct units of measurement.
37. In 2016 there were 1570 bears in a wildlife refuge. In 2017, the population had decreased to
approximately 1440 bears. If this trend continues, how many bears will there be in the wildlife
refuge in 2027?
38. A colony of 15,000 mice is exposed to a virus and tested daily to study its spread. On day 0, 2
mice are positive for the virus. After day 1, 5 of the mice in the colony test positive.
a.) What is the daily rate of virus spread in the mouse population?
b.) How many mice will remain uninfected after 4 days? (Hint: Calculate the number of mice with
the virus, then subtract from 15,000)
39. An investment of $75,000 appreciates at the rate of 12.5% per year. What is the value of the
investment after 30 years?
40. The population of a small town was 10,800 in 2002. Since then, the population has decreased at
a rate of 2.5% each year. Write an exponential function to model the situation, then find the
population of the town in 2020.
41. Laura deposited $12,000 into an account that earns 8% interest. How much money will she have
in 5 years if the interest is compounded quarterly?
42. The average price of a movie ticket in 1990 was $4.22. Since then, the price has increased by
approximately 3.1% each year. Write an exponential function to model this situation, then find
the price of a ticket in 2016.
43. The radioactive isotope Cesium-137 has a half-life of roughly 30 years. If left undisturbed, how
much of a 150-gram sample will remain after 15 years?
44.
45.
IV. Evaluating Logarithmic Expressions
A. Evaluate each of the following expressions using logarithm rules. The answers to each of these
questions will be a rational number. Do not use a calculator except to check your work.
46. 𝑙𝑜𝑔1/3243 47. 𝑙𝑜𝑔20. 0625
48. 𝑙𝑜𝑔171 49. 1
ln e2
2
50. log4(log3(81)) 51. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4(12) + (𝑙𝑜𝑔4(16) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔4(3))
52. 1 + log3( 1
27
) 53. 𝑙𝑜𝑔16(160) −
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 16
B. Condense each of the following expressions into a single logarithmic expression using logarithm
rules.
54. 1
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔2(𝑥 𝑦 ) + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔2( 𝑥)
4 3 3
55. 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔8( 64 )
𝑥
56. 3
4
𝑙𝑛 𝑥 −
1
2
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 −
1
4
𝑙𝑛 𝑥 57. 1
2
(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥4𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥4)
V. Solving Logarithmic Equations
58. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 = 8 59. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥225 = 2
60. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥(1/125) = −3 61. 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥( 8 ) = −
1
3
62. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥21 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥3 =
1 63. 𝑙𝑜𝑔36(20 − 4𝑥) = 1/2
2
64. log(24𝑥 + 64) = 3 65. 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔16(17 − 5𝑥)
4
66. 𝑙𝑜𝑔34 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔3(𝑥 + 5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔356 67. 𝑙𝑜𝑔75𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔72 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔72
68. 𝑙𝑜𝑔7𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔7(𝑥 + 6) = 1 69. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3(3
2+𝑥 𝑥
) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3(3 ) = 𝑥
VI. Graphing Logarithms–Graph each function, showing at least three points and the vertical asymptote. Write
the domain of the function as well as its x-intercept.
70. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 71. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5log(x)
Domain: Domain:
x-intercept: x-intercept:
vertical asymptote: vertical asymptote:
72. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒
𝑥−1 73. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛 (𝑥) + 1
Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
y-intercept:
vertical asymptote:
horizontal asymptote:
74. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3(𝑥 − 1) 75. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2(− 𝑥)
Domain: Domain:
x-intercept: x-intercept:
vertical asymptote: vertical asymptote:
76. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑥 77. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 + 4)
2
Domain:
Domain:
x-intercept:
x-intercept:
vertical asymptote:
vertical asymptote:
